Periodontitis : advances in experimental research / Julien Santi-Rocca, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Santi-Rocca, Julien, editor.

Series:

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ; v.1373

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Periodontitis.

Periodontitis--Chemotherapy.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (400 pages)

Place of Publication:

Cham, Switzerland : Springer International Publishing, [2022]

Summary:

Periodontitis is a disease that affects more than half the adult population in the world. Treatment is often based on ancient recommendations consisting in mechanically removing material from damaged zones. However, novel therapeutic management strategies exist, from prevention to efficient treatment, and regeneration. The need of integrative approaches to circumvent this worldwide pledge can be achieved through: A better understanding of this complex disease by promoting scientific research and a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach, including epidemiology, microbiology, immunology, physiology, therapeutics, psychology, etc. A better outreach by promoting vulgarization and recommendations for health professionals. A better information of the empowered patients, leading them to consider prevention and to take part in their therapeutic course. The book "Periodontitis: Advances in Experimental Research" includes atimely collection of chapters covering all the fields of research about periodontitis, consisting in concise reviews by the best specialists themselves and with clinical perspectives for periodontitis. Recent technological advances have allowed to explore shadowed areas of periodontology. The book "Periodontitis: Advances in Experimental Research" is a unique occasion to set a milestone for a more integrated field of periodontitis, with a broad scientific, medical, and public audience thanks to dedicated sections in each chapter: Abstract and main body (scientific audience and expert clinicians) Highlights (scientific audience and clinicians) Impact for Practice (clinicians and economical/political decision makers) Summary for Patients (patients and economical/political decision makers)

Contents:

Intro

Preface

List of Reviewers

Contents

1: Advances in Experimental Research About Periodontitis: Lessons from the Past, Ideas for the Future

1.1 Past Achievements in Periodontal Research

1.1.1 New Concepts to Understand Periodontitis Pathophysiology

1.1.1.1 Periodontitis: A Microbial Disease

1.1.1.2 Bacterial Candidates: Isolation and Axenization

1.1.1.3 Periodontitis: A Biofilm-Based Disease

1.1.1.4 Periodontitis: A Microbiota Disease

1.1.1.5 Periodontitis: An Inflammatory Disease

1.1.2 New Technologies to Reach New Fields of Research

1.1.2.1 New Technical Possibilities Generate New Scientific Questions

1.1.2.2 New Methods Generate New Readouts

1.1.2.3 New Analyses Generate New Concepts

1.1.3 New Tools for Therapeutic Management

1.1.3.1 Biofilm Control

1.1.3.2 Modulation of Host Responses

1.1.3.3 Tissue Engineering

1.2 Considerations for the Future

1.2.1 Variability: More Than Just a Statistical Matter

1.2.1.1 Genetic Diversity in Patients

1.2.1.2 Diversity in Clinical Manifestations and in Micro-niches

1.2.1.3 Diversity in Research

1.2.1.4 Only One Periodontitis?

1.2.1.5 Perspectives for Clinical Management

1.2.2 Emerging and Expanding Fields

1.2.2.1 Peri-Implantitis and Peri-Implant Mucositis

1.2.2.2 The Immune System: More Than a Passive Sentinel

1.2.2.3 Molecular Biology Beyond Genomics and Taxonomics

1.2.2.4 New Models

1.2.3 Considering the Patient Beyond Their Mouth

1.2.3.1 Considering the Patient as a Whole

1.2.3.2 Considering the Patient's Environment

1.2.3.3 Considering the Patient's Mind

1.3 Concluding Remarks

References

Part I: Periodontal Microbiota

2: Microbiota in Periodontitis: Advances in the Omic Era

2.1 Introduction.

2.1.1 Exploring Microbial Dysbiosis in Periodontal Infections Using Metagenomics and Metataxonomics

2.1.2 Microbial Classification for Prediction in Periodontal Dysbiosis

2.1.3 Understanding Microbial Dysbiosis and Host Responses Through Metatranscriptomics

2.2 Conclusion and Perspectives

3: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: From Basic to Advanced Research

3.1 Introduction

3.2 From Sero-Epidemiology to Microbial Susceptibility: Advances and Challenges

3.2.1 Taxonomy, Dissemination, and Organization

3.2.1.1 Taxonomy

3.2.1.2 Serotypes and Dissemination

3.2.1.3 Genotyping and Dissemination

3.2.1.4 A. actinomycetemcomitans: Commensal or Pathogen?

3.2.1.5 Oral Habitats, Organization and Interaction

3.2.2 Isolation and Identification

3.2.2.1 Samples Collection, Transport and Storage

3.2.2.2 Isolation

3.2.2.3 Identification

3.2.3 Virulence

3.2.3.1 Exotoxins

3.2.3.2 Cytolethal Distending Toxin

3.2.3.3 Endotoxins

3.2.3.4 Cytokine-Binding Molecules and Outer Membrane Vesicles

3.2.3.5 Impact of A. actinomycetemcomitans Infection on the Onset and Progression of Periodontal Disease

3.2.4 Issues in Antimicrobial Susceptibility

3.3 Advances in Therapy and Prevention

3.3.1 Microbiological Diagnostic: Is It Useful for Patients?

3.3.2 Therapeutic Targeting and Prevention Strategies

3.4 Conclusions

4: Meta-analyses on the Periodontal Archaeome

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Results

4.2.1 Narrative Synthesis and the Quality Assessment of Individual Studies

4.2.2 The Taxonomy of the Archaea domain in Periodontal Sites

4.2.3 The Prevalence of Archaea in Periodontal Sites and Its Association with Periodontitis

4.2.4 Periodontal Treatment

4.2.5 Certainty of Evidence

4.3 Discussion.

4.3.1 Archaea Detection in Periodontitis and Healthy Subgingival Sites

4.3.2 The Methanogens in Subgingival Biofilms

4.3.3 Putative Roles of Other Archaeal Groups in Periodontitis

4.3.3.1 Thermoplasmatales

4.3.3.2 Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea

4.3.3.3 Halophilic Archaea

4.4 Conclusion and Perspectives

4.5 Methods

4.5.1 Studies Eligibility and Search Strategy

4.5.2 Quality Assessment of Individual Studies

4.5.3 Data Extraction and Qualitative Analysis

4.5.4 Meta-analyses and Certainty of Evidence

5: Parasites in Periodontal Health and Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Materials and Methods

5.2.1 Systematic Review

5.2.1.1 Pubmed Search Strategies and Retrieval

5.2.1.2 LILACS Search Strategies

5.2.1.3 Google Scholar

5.2.1.4 Selection of Publications

5.2.2 Meta-analysis

5.3 Results

5.3.1 Entamoeba gingivalis

5.3.2 Trichomonas tenax

5.4 Discussion

5.5 Author Contribution

6: Fungi-A Component of the Oral Microbiome Involved in Periodontal Diseases

6.1 Fungal Species as a Part of the Microbiome of the Human Oral Cavity

6.2 Factors Predisposing to Fungal Infections in the Periodontium

6.3 Virulence Factors Involved in the Fungal Invasion of Periodontal Tissue

6.3.1 Adhesion and Biofilm Formation

6.3.2 Fungal Hydrolytic Enzymes and Toxins

6.3.3 Fungal-Host Interactions

6.4 The Mixed-Species Biofilm Formation in the Periodontitis: Mechanism of Mutual Interactions Between Fungi and Bacteria

6.4.1 Synergistic Interactions

6.4.2 Antagonistic Interactions

6.4.3 The Periodontal Cells in the Face of Mixed Infections

6.5 New Trends in Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis

6.6 Conclusion and Perspectives

References.

7: Herpesviruses in Periodontitis: An Umbrella Review

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Materials and Methods

7.2.1 Review Questions

7.2.2 Outcome Measures

7.2.3 Selection Criteria

7.2.4 Literature Search

7.2.5 Data Extraction

7.2.6 Quality Assessment of Included Reviews Using the AMSTAR 2 Tool

7.3 Results

7.3.1 Literature Search Process

7.3.2 Characteristics of Included Studies

7.3.3 Summary of Meta-analysis

7.3.4 Methodological Quality

7.3.5 Principal Findings

7.3.5.1 The Detection of Herpesviruses in Marginal Periodontitis

7.3.5.2 The Detection of Herpesviruses in Apical Periodontitis of Endodontic Origin

7.4 Discussion

7.5 Conclusion and Perspectives

Part II: Periodontitis Pathophysiology

8: Recent Updates on Microbial Biofilms in Periodontitis: An Analysis of In Vitro Biofilm Models

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Biofilms

8.2.1 The History of a Lifestyle

8.2.2 What Are Biofilms and Why They Are so Important?

8.2.3 Biofilm Structure

8.2.4 Genetic Control of Biofilms

8.3 Periodontal Disease

8.4 Biofilm Models

8.4.1 Monospecies Biofilms

8.4.2 Multispecies Biofilms

8.4.3 Dynamic Oral Biofilm Models

8.5 Conclusion and Perspectives

9: Update on B Cell Response in Periodontitis

9.1 Introduction

9.2 B Cells in Periodontitis

9.3 B Cells in Periodontal Cellular Network

9.4 Abnormal Interactions Between B and T Cells in Periodontitis

9.5 Plasma Cells and B Cells Are Predominant in Periodontal Lesions

9.5.1 B1 Cells in Periodontitis

9.6 Regulatory B Cells (Breg/B10) in Periodontitis

9.7 B Cells and Bone Resorption

9.8 Circulating B Cells and Periodontitis

9.9 Discussion

10: Polarization Profiles of T Lymphocytes and Macrophages Responses in Periodontitis.

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Macrophage Polarization Profiles in Periodontitis

10.3 Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Periodontitis

10.4 Immune Reprogramming Intervention Strategies

10.5 Conclusion and Perspectives

11: Complementary Experimental Methods in Genetics Open Up New Avenues of Research to Elucidate the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis

11.1 Meaning of Genetic Studies for Periodontal Diseases

11.1.1 The Causative Factors of Periodontal Diseases Seem Elusive

11.1.2 The Genetic Architecture Determines the Susceptibility to Periodontal Diseases

11.2 Current Strategies to Identify the Genetic Basis of Periodontal Diseases

11.2.1 Candidate Gene Studies

11.2.2 Genomewide Association Studies

11.2.2.1 Statistical Limitations of GWAS

11.2.2.2 Alternative Study Concepts to Increase Testing Power of GWAS

11.2.2.3 SIGLEC5

11.2.2.4 Alpha Defensin Genes

11.2.2.5 ATP6V1C1

11.2.3 Gene x Environment Interactions

11.2.4 Mouse Models

11.2.5 Genetic Susceptibility Variants That Are Shared Between Different Diseases

11.2.6 Severe Early-Onset Diseases Are Tools to Identify Susceptibility Genes of Common Disease Phenotypes

11.3 Conclusion and Perspectives

Part III: Periodontitis-Associated Conditions

12: Update on the Bidirectional Link Between Diabetes and Periodontitis

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Method

12.3 Results

12.3.1 Effect of Diabetes on Periodontitis

12.3.2 Effect of Periodontitis on Diabetes

12.3.3 Effect of Periodontal Non-surgical Treatment on Diabetes

12.4 Discussion

12.5 Conclusion

13: Periodontitis as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease: The Experimental Journey So Far, with Hope of Therapy

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Periodontal Disease

13.3 Alzheimer's Disease (AD).

13.4 The Emerging Association Between Periodontal Disease and Alzheimer's Disease Provides a Rationale for Therapy.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Santi-Rocca, Julien Periodontitis

ISBN:

9783030968816