Handbook of Antioxidant Methodology : Approaches to Activity Determination / edited by Paul D. Prenzler, Danielle Ryan, and Kevin Robards.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Prenzler, Paul D., editor.

Ryan, Danielle, editor.

Robards, K. (Kevin), editor.

Series:

ISSO (Series)

Issn Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Analytical chemistry--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Analytical chemistry.

Antioxidants--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Antioxidants.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (536 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

London, England : The Royal Society of Chemistry, [2021]

Summary:

Addressing a number of the controversies on antioxidant testing methods, this book provides guidance on what methods are most appropriate for different situations, how results are interpreted and what can be inferred from the data.

Contents:

Cover

Preface

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction to Basic Principles of Antioxidant Activity

1.1 Background

1.2 Oxidation (and Reduction)

1.2.1 Oxidants

1.2.2 Substrates

1.2.3 Markers of Oxidation

1.3 Antioxidants Defined

1.4 Antioxidant Action

1.4.1 Rate of Oxidation Reaction

1.4.2 Kinetics and Thermodynamics

1.5 Classification of Antioxidants

1.6 What is Antioxidant Activity?

1.6.1 Historical Notions

1.6.2 Current Thinking

1.7 Antioxidant Bibliometrics

References

Chapter 2 Antioxidants Recovery and Extraction

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Generalities on the Analytical Process

2.1.2 Sample Pretreatment

2.1.3 The Extractant and its Key Role in the Extraction Step

2.2 Antioxidant Extraction from Solid Raw Materials

2.2.1 Conventional and Soxhlet Extraction

2.2.2 Microwave-assisted Extraction

2.2.3 Ultrasound-assisted Extraction (USAE)

2.2.4 Superheated-liquid Extraction

2.2.5 Supercritical-fluid Extraction (SFE)

2.3 Extraction of Antioxidants from Liquids

2.3.1 Liquid-Liquid Extraction

2.3.2 Solid-phase Extraction and Microextraction

2.4 Extraction under Green-chemistry Conditions

2.5 Comparison of Extraction Methods for Antioxidants

Abbreviations

Chapter 3 Antioxidant Activity - Preliminary Considerations for Measurement

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Why Measure Activity Rather than Concentration?

3.3 Measurement of Antioxidant Activity

3.3.1 General Issues

3.3.2 Why and Where

3.3.3 How

3.3.4 Laboratory Studies

3.4 What Does Antioxidant Activity Tell Us?

3.5 Why Bother at All?

Chapter 4 Free Radical Inhibition Mechanisms - Implications for Measurementy

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Generation of Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress

4.3 Chemical-based Total Antioxidant Assays

4.3.1 Reaction Mechanisms.

4.3.2 Common TAC Assays

4.3.3 Choice of TAC Assays

4.4 Controversial and Future Prospects

4.4.1 Controversies of Dietary Antioxidants and TAC Assays

4.4.2 Are TAC Assays of Value?

4.5 Conclusion

Chapter 5 Total Antioxidant Capacity Measurements in Food and Beverages

5.1 Contribution of Antioxidants to the Total Antioxidant Capacity

5.2 Methods for TAC Measurement in Food and Beverages

5.3 TAC Data of Raw Foods

5.4 Effect of Food Processing on TAC Measurements

5.4.1 Cooking Methods

5.4.2 Storage and Preservation Methods

5.5 The Use of TAC Data in Food Science, Nutrition and Health

5.5.1 Screening of Ingredients

5.5.2 Application of TAC Data in Quality Control and Food Processes

5.5.3 Use of TAC Data in Developing New Foods and Pharmaceutical Supplements

5.5.4 Food Policies and Marketing

5.6 TAC Data, Nutrition and Health

5.6.1 Estimation of the Intake

5.6.2 Total Antioxidant Capacity Intake and its Health Benefits

5.6.3 Future Recommendations and Applications of TAC Data in Biomedical Research

Acknowledgements

Chapter 6 Exogenous Antioxidants Derived from Plants, Fungi, and Other Taxa

6.1 Oxidative Challenge in Aerobic Organisms - An Introduction to the Biology of Reactive Species

6.2 Oxidative Stress - Effects on Human Health

6.3 Human Endogenous Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Defense System

6.3.1 Enzymatic Antioxidants

6.3.2 Non-enzymatic Antioxidants

6.4 Human Exogenous Defense System

6.4.1 Plants - A Major Contribution to the Human Exogenous Antioxidant Defense System

6.4.2 Exogenous Antioxidants From Fungi and Other Taxa

6.5 Plant Antioxidants and Their Mechanism of Action

6.6 Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties of Plant Extracts

6.6.1 Extraction.

6.6.2 Analytical Procedures for Measuring Antioxidant Activity/Capacity of Plant Extracts

6.7 Concluding Remarks and Critical Assessment

Chapter 7 Oxidative Stress and Response in Physiological Systems

7.1 Oxidative and Reductive Stress

7.1.1 In Which Cellular Components do These Processes Occur?

7.1.2 Diseases that (very likely) Involve Oxidative and Reductive Stress

7.2 Biomarkers of Oxidative and Reductive Stress

7.2.1 Biomarkers Based on Lipids

7.2.2 Non-lipid Biomarkers

7.2.3 If Not Direct Antioxidants/Radical Scavengers, Then What?

7.3 Conclusions

Chapter 8 Accelerated Stability Testing - History and Recent Developments

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Antioxidants and their Role

8.3 Common Analytical Methods for Determining the Oxidative Status of Lipids

8.3.1 Traditional Accelerated Stability Tests

8.3.2 Formation of Aromatics and Polymerization

8.3.3 Differential Scanning Calorimetry

8.3.4 Spectroscopic Methods

8.4 Conclusion

Chapter 9 Measurement of Antioxidant Concentration in Active Food Packaging - Impact on Activity in the Stored Food

9.1 What is Active Packaging

9.2 Antioxidant Packaging Materials

9.2.1 Incorporation of Antioxidant Compounds in the Bulk of the Polymeric Matrix by Coating Technologies

9.2.2 Incorporation of Antioxidant Compounds in the Bulk of the Polymeric Matrix by Extrusion Technologies

9.2.3 Incorporation of Antioxidant Compounds on the Surface of Polymer Films by Immobilization

9.2.4 Inherently Antioxidant Polymers

9.3 Methods of Assessing Packaging Effectiveness

9.3.1 Measurement of the Antioxidant Activity by Direct Analysis on the Food

9.3.2 Measurement of the Antioxidant Activity by Analysis of the Package Headspace.

9.3.3 Analysis Methods Directly on the Packaging

9.4 Challenges of Active Antioxidant Packaging

9.5 Conclusions

Chapter 10 Antioxidant Activity and the Role of Gene and Protein Expression in Oxidative Stress

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Reactive Oxygen Species: Pros and Cons

10.3 Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms

10.4 Physiological Role of ROS on Gene and Protein Expression

10.4.1 Transcription Factors

10.4.2 Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

10.4.3 Apoptotic Signaling Cascade

10.4.4 Redox Pathways

10.4.5 Thioredoxins and Peroxiredoxins

10.4.6 Glutathione

10.4.7 Glutaredoxins

10.5 Oxidative Stress and Diseases

10.5.1 Central Nervous System (CNS) and Psychiatric Disorders

10.5.2 Cardiovascular Disease

10.5.3 Osteoarticular and Musculo-skeletal Diseases

10.5.4 Cancer

10.5.5 Metabolic Disorders: Diabetes and Obesity

10.5.6 Respiratory Diseases

10.6 General Mechanisms of Antioxidant Actions

10.7 Effects of Antioxidants on Gene and Protein Expression: Activities at the Cellular Level Toward Antioxidant Therapeutics

10.7.1 Antioxidant Medications and Drug Interactions for CNS and Psychiatric Disorders

10.7.2 Antioxidant Medications and Drug Interactions for Cardiovascular Diseases

10.7.3 Antioxidant Medications for Osteoarticular and Musculo-skeletal Diseases

10.7.4 Cancer Medications and Gene Interactions

10.7.5 Antioxidant Medications for Diabetes Mellitus

10.7.6 Antioxidant Medications for Respiratory Diseases

10.8 Summary and Conclusions

Chapter 11 Antioxidant Measurements Using Microfluidics Technology

11.1 Microfluidic Systems

11.1.1 Components of Microfluidic Analytical Devices

11.1.2 Detection Techniques for Microfluidic Devices

11.1.3 Fabrication of Microfluidic Devices.

11.1.4 Introduction of Nanostructures in Microfluidic Systems

11.1.5 Challenges in Microfluidic Analytical Systems

11.1.6 Paper-based Microfluidic Devices

11.1.7 Objectives of the Chapter

11.2 Microfluidic Assays for Antioxidants

11.2.1 Methods for the Analysis of Total Antioxidant Activity and Content

11.2.2 Methods for the Discrimination of Phenolic Antioxidants

11.3 Conclusion and Future Directions

Chapter 12 Chemometrics in Antioxidant Activity Measurements

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Chemometrics - What Is It?

12.2.1 Data Structure and Pre-processing

12.2.2 Exploratory Multivariate Methods: PCA and HCA

12.2.3 Supervised Multivariate Methods: LDA and PLS-DA

12.2.4 One-class Classifiers: SIMCA

12.2.5 Results of Classification: Figures of Merit (FoM)

12.2.6 Multivariate Regression

12.3 Applications of Chemometrics in Antioxidant Measurements: From UV-Vis Spectrophotometry to Sophisticated Spectroscopic Meth

12.4 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 13 Electrochemical Measurements

13.1 Why Consider Antioxidant Electrochemistry?

13.2 Electrochemical Techniques

13.3 Electroanalysis of Biological Fluids

13.4 Electroanalysis of Dietary Antioxidant Compounds

13.4.1 Vitamins

13.4.2 Polyphenols

13.5 Electroanalysis of Foods and Beverages

13.5.1 Teas and Coffees

13.5.2 Wines

13.5.3 Further Beverages

13.5.4 Food Extracts

13.6 Reactive Oxygen Species and

Assay Oxidants

13.7 Modified Electrodes for Antioxidant Electroanalysis

13.8 Enzymatic Biosensors

13.9 Commercialization of Electrochemical Methods

13.10 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 14 Metabolomics and the Measurement of Antioxidant Behavior

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Instrumentation for Metabolomics

14.3 Data Processing

14.3.1 Peak Alignment

14.3.2 Normalization.

14.3.3 Compound Annotation.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9781839165344

1839165340

9781839165337

1839165332

OCLC:

1285780266