Cellulose Nanoparticles. Volume 2. / edited by Vijay Kumar Thakur, Elisabete Frollini, and Janet Scott.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Thakur, Vijay Kumar, 1981- editor.

Frollini, Elisabete, editor.

Scott, Janet L. (Chemist), editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Cellulose--Synthesis.

Cellulose.

Cellulose nanocrystals.

Nanoparticles.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (549 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

London, England : The Royal Society of Chemistry, [2021]

Summary:

Cellulose Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Manufacturing concentrates on advanced high performance cellulose nanocomposites.

Contents:

Cover

Dedication

Preface

Contents

Chapter 1 Hairy Cellulose Nanocrystals: From Synthesis to Advanced Applications in the Water- Energy-Health-Food Nexus

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Synthesis of HCNCs

1.2.1 Synthesis of Dialdehyde Modified Cellulose (DAMC) Fibrils

1.2.2 Synthesis of Electrically Neutral HCNC (SNCC)

1.2.3 Synthesis of Anionic HCNC (ENCC)

1.2.4 Synthesis of Cationic HCNC (CNCC)

1.3 Properties of HCNCs

1.4 Applications

1.4.1 Films

1.4.2 Hydrogels and Aerogels

1.4.3 Humidity Switches

1.4.4 Self-assembled Structures

1.4.5 Separation

1.4.6 Flocculants

1.4.7 Paper Additives

1.4.8 Biomimetic Mineralization

1.4.9 Antiscalants

1.4.10 Rheology Modifiers

1.4.11 Antibacterial Agents

1.5 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 2 Application of Nanocelluloses in Rubbers

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Natural Rubber (NR)

2.2.1 Nanocomposite Preparation

2.2.2 Effect of Nanocellulose Physical Properties

2.2.3 Biodegradability

2.2.4 Mechanical Properties

2.2.5 Curing Characterization

2.2.6 Swelling Properties

2.2.7 Thermal Properties

2.2.8 Water Uptake

2.2.9 Electrical Properties

2.2.10 Nanocellulose Modification

2.2.11 Natural Rubber Modification

2.2.12 Hybrid Fillers

2.3 Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR)

2.4 Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR)

2.5 Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR)

2.6 Other Rubbers

2.7 Rubber Blends

2.8 Conclusion

Abbreviations

Chapter 3 Manufacturing of Cellulose Nanoparticle-based Advanced Materials

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Solution Casting

3.3 Melt Compounding

3.4 Impregnation

3.5 Electrospinning

3.6 Freeze-drying

3.7 Polymer Latex Matrices

3.8 Conclusion

Chapter 4 Cellulose Nanoparticle-based Flexible Advanced Materials

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Polymer Substrates

4.3 Barrier Coatings

4.4 Transparent Electrodes

4.5 Electro-optic Materials

4.6 Roll-to-roll (RTR) Processes

4.7 Encapsulation

4.8 Conclusion

Chapter 5 CNP-based Hybrid Advanced Materials

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Strategies and Mechanisms Involved in the Synthesis of Hybrid Materials

5.2.1 Solution Casting Technique

5.2.2 Melt Blending Technique

Emulsion Polymerization Technique

5.2.3

5.3 Types of Nucleation

5.4 Hybrids

Mini-emulsion Polymerization

Polycondensate Prepared in Miniemulsion

5.5 Hybrids

5.6 Hybrids from Seeded Emulsion Polymerization

5.7 Merits and Demerits of the Synthetic Strategies

5.7.1 Merits

5.7.2 Demerits

5.8 Applications

5.9 Conclusions and Outlook

Chapter 6 CNP/Thermosetting Polymerbased Nanocomposites

6.1 Introduction

6.2 CNP-based Thermosetting Nanocomposites

6.2.1 Processing Techniques

6.2.2 Surface Modification Techniques

6.3 Conclusions

Chapter 7 Morphological Analysis of CNP-based Advanced Materials

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Microscopy Studies of CNF

7.2.1 Optical Microscopy (OM) and Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM)

7.2.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

7.2.3 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

7.2.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

7.2.5 Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM)

7.3 Microscopy Studies of CNCs

7.3.1 Optical Microscopy (OM) and Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM)

7.3.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

7.3.3 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

7.3.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

7.3.5 Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM)

7.4 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 8 Polymer Composites Having a High Filler Content of Cellulose Nanoparticles

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Synthesis.

8.2.1 One-dimensional (1-D) and Two-dimensional (2-D)shaped Composites

8.2.2 Three-dimensional (3-D)-shaped Composites

8.3 Physical and Chemical Limitations

8.3.1 Physical Limitations

8.3.2 Chemical Limitations

8.4 Conclusions

Chapter 9 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) Study of Cellulose Nanoparticle-based Advanced Materials

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Principles of DMA

9.3 DMTA of CNP-based Nanocomposites

9.3.1 Effects of Filler Composition

9.3.2 Effects of Frequency on Cellulose Nanoparticles

9.3.3 Effects of Temperature on Cellulose Nanoparticles

9.3.4 Effects of Ultrasonic Time on Cellulose Nanoparticles

9.4 DMTA of CNC-based Nanocomposites

9.4.1 Effects of Filler Composition

9.5 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 10 Physico-chemical Properties of Cellulose Nanoparticle-based Advanced Materials

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Nanocellulose: Source and Classification

10.2.1 Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs)

10.2.2 Cellulose Nanofibre (CNF)

10.2.3 Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC)

10.3 Relationship between Structure and Properties

10.3.1 Molecular Structure of Cellulose

10.3.2 Microstructure of Cellulose

10.3.3 Structural Features of Nanocellulose for Absorbing Water

10.3.4 Barrier Properties

10.3.5 Mechanical Properties

10.3.6 Thermal Properties

10.3.7 Liquid Crystallinity

10.4 Properties of Cellulose Nanoparticle (CNP)-based Nanocomposites

10.4.1 Water Absorption Properties of CNP Nanocomposites

10.4.2 Hydrophilic Properties of CNP-based Aerogels

10.4.3 Hydrophobicity of CNP-based Nanocomposite

10.4.4 Oleophilicity of CNP Nanocomposite

10.4.5 Moisture Barrier Property of CNP Nanocomposite

10.4.6 Gas Barrier Property of CNP-based Composites

10.5 Properties of Cellulose Nanofibre (CNF)-based Nanocomposite

10.5.1 Water Absorption.

10.5.2 Gas and Water Vapour Barrier Properties

10.6 Modification of Cellulose for Advanced Applications

10.6.1 Modification of Cellulose for Tunable Sorption Ability

10.6.2 Modification of Cellulose for Tunable Moisture and Gas Barrier Properties

10.7 Summary and Outlook

Chapter 11 Fabrication of Biodegradable Cellulose Composite Through a Greener Reaction Process

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Lignocellulosic Fibers

11.2.1 Composition of Natural Fibers

11.3 Preparation of Nanocellulose by Greener Methods

11.3.1 Physical Methods

11.3.2 Ionic Liquid Method

11.3.3 Biological Methods

11.4 Functionalization of Nanocellulose

11.4.1 Physical Modifications

11.4.2 Solvent Exchange

11.4.3 Grafting

11.5 Application of Nanolignocellulose

11.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects

Chapter 12 CNP-based Gel Materials

12.1 Introduction

12.2 CNC-Polymer Composite Hydrogels and Their Applications

12.3 CNF-Polymer Composite Hydrogels and Their Applications

12.4 BC-Polymer Composite Hydrogels and Their Applications

12.5 Nanocellulose-Inorganic Hybrid Hydrogels

12.6 Nanocellulose Aerogel

12.7 Conclusion

Chapter 13 Cellulose Nanoparticle-based Advanced Polymer Nanocomposites

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Nano-reinforcements and Polymer Nanocomposites

13.3 A Brief Overview of Cellulose Nanoparticles

13.4 Cellulose Nanoparticles as a Potential Reinforcing Material

13.5 Fabrication of Cellulose Nanoparticle-reinforced Advanced Polymer Nanocomposites

13.6 Properties of Cellulose Nanoparticle-reinforced Advanced Polymer Nanocomposites

13.7 Prospective Applications of Cellulose Nanoparticle-reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites

13.8 Summary

References.

Chapter 14 Mechanical Characterization of Cellulose Nanoparticle-based Advanced Materials

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass

14.2.1 Cellulose

14.2.2 Nanocellulose

14.3 Processes for Nanocellulose Extraction

14.3.1 Pretreatment of Biomass

14.3.2 Methods for Isolation of Nanocellulose

14.3.3 Bacterial Nanocellulose Extraction

14.4 Compatibility of the Cellulose Nanoparticle/Matrix

14.4.1 Adsorption Methods

14.4.2 Modification by the Formation of Covalent Bonds

14.4.3 Modification by Oligomers and Polymer Grafting

14.4.4 Bacterial Modification

14.5 Cellulose Nanoparticle-based Advanced Materials Processing

14.6 Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Nanoparticle-based Advanced Materials

14.6.1 Factors Influencing the Mechanical Properties

14.6.2 Tensile Properties

14.6.3 Compressive Properties

14.6.4 Shear Properties

14.6.5 Impact Properties

14.7 Applications of Cellulose Nanoparticle-based Advanced Materials

14.8 Conclusion

Chapter 15 Electrospinning of Nanocellulose for Advanced Nanocomposite Materials

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Nanocellulose (Availability and Properties)

15.2.1 Natural Sources of NC and Their Extraction

15.2.2 Chemical Techniques

15.2.3 Mechanical Techniques

15.3 Electrospinning of Nanocellulose and Their Derivatives

15.3.1 Polyvinyl Alcohol

15.3.2 Starch

15.3.3 Polyacrylic Acid

15.3.4 Polylactic Acid

15.3.5 Polymethyl Methacrylate

15.3.6 Polystyrene

15.4 Advanced Nanocomposite Materials from CNFs Prepared by Electrospinning

15.5 Applications of CNF-based Nanocomposites

15.5.1 Reinforcing Materials

15.5.2 Papermaking

15.5.3 Energy Storage and Energy Harvesting

15.5.4 Sensing Devices

15.5.5 Electronic Devices

15.5.6 Water Treatment and Air Filtration.

15.5.7 Biomedical and Healthcare Applications.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

1-78801-954-7

1-78801-955-5

OCLC:

1259589285