Wildlife biodiversity conservation : multidisciplinary and forensic approaches / Susan C. Underkoffler, Hayley R. Adams, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Underkoffler, Susan C., editor.

Adams, Hayley R., editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Wildlife conservation.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (485 pages)

Place of Publication:

Cham, Switzerland : Springer, [2021]

Summary:

This book addresses the multidisciplinary challenges in biodiversity conservation with a focus on wildlife crime and how forensic tools can be applied to protect species and preserve ecosystems. Illustrated by numerous case studies covering different geographical regions and species the book introduces to the fundamentals of biodiversity conflicts, outlines the unique challenges of wildlife crime scenes and reviews latest techniques in environmental forensics, such as DNA metagenomics. In addition, the volume explores the socio-economic perspective of biodiversity protection and provides an overview of national and international conservation laws. The field of conservation medicine stresses the importance of recognizing that human health, animal health, and ecosystem health are inextricably interdependent and the book serves as important contribution towards achieving the UN Sustainable Developmental Goals, in particular SDG 15, Life on Land. The book addresses graduate students, scientists and veterinary professionals working in wildlife research and conservation biology.

Contents:

Intro

Preface

Contents

About the Editors

Part I: The Multidisciplinary Approach to Conservation

Building Peace to Save Nature: Multi-disciplinary Approaches to Managing Conflicts in Conservation

An Introduction to Conflicts in Conservation

Understanding Conservation Conflicts

Box 1 Waterbirds and Transboundary Conflicts

Multi-disciplinary Approaches and Perspectives on Conservation Conflicts

A Natural Sciences Perspective

A Social Sciences Perspective

Box 2 Understanding Staging Site Selection of Common Cranes Along the Western-European Flyway to Guide Crop Damage Prevention

Box 3 Using Ethnography to Gain a Deeper Understanding of Raptor-Grouse Conflicts in Scotland, UK

A Socio-Economic Perspective

Box 4 Experimental Games to Understand Farmer Behaviour in Relation to Elephant Conflict Management Efforts in Gabon

A Political Sciences Perspective

Box 5 Taking an Armed Conflicts Approach to Conservation Conflicts

Socio-Ecological Modelling and Game-Theoretic Approaches

The Cognitive Sciences Perspective

Applying Multi-disciplinary Approaches to Conflicts in the Field: Asking the Right Questions

References

Transcending the Boundaries of Conservation and Community Development to Achieve Long-Term Sustainability for People and Planet

Introduction

Learning Objectives

Challenges to Past and Current Strategies

Romanticizing Community

Homogenous Perspectives

Imbalance of Benefits

Illusion of Involvement

Social-Ecological Systems

Social Aspects

Principles Required for Social Systems to Function

Equality vs. Equity: Relationships Between Elements of a Social System

Values in a Social System and the Governance Structures Upholding Them

Economics of Natural Capital

Ecological Aspects

Living Resources

Non-living Resources.

Interactions Between Ecological Elements

Systems Thinking

Scenario 1

Community Engagement Approach

Access

Box 1 Power Ranking and Radargrams

Connect

Box 2 Ensuring Inclusivity

Team

Box 3 Co-designing Activities Through Backward Mapping

Implement

Verify

Evolve

Recognizing Technical, Systemic, and Constitutive Problems in Community-Driven Conservation Initiatives

African People and Wildlife Case Study

Technical Problems

Systemic Problems

Constitutive Problems

Conclusion

Scenario 2

The Challenges of Conserving Biodiversity: A Spotlight on Southeast Asia

Wildlife Trade

Box 1 Poaching as Income

Box 2 The Role of Captive Institutes in Breeding and Reintroductions

Habitat Loss

Human-Wildlife Conflict

Box 3 Human-Tiger Conflict with Forest-Edge Communities

Box 4 Human-Snake Conflict in Indonesia

Threats to Biodiversity in Aquatic Ecosystems

Additional Threats

Governance and Challenges of Wildlife Conservation and Management in Kenya

Significance of Tourism and Wildlife Sectors in Kenya

Conservation Management and Approaches in Kenya

Informal Conservation Model

Protected Area (PA) Model

Community-Based Conservation Approach (CBCA)

Stakeholder Analysis and Involvement in Wildlife Conservation and Management in Kenya

Stakeholder Analysis and Involvement

Policy and Legal Framework of Wildlife Conservation and Management in Kenya

Evolution of Wildlife Policies and Legislation

Current Legal Frameworks Supporting Wildlife Conservation and Management in Kenya

Challenges of Wildlife Conservation and Management in Kenya

Causes of Loss and Fragmentation of Wildlife Habitat in Kenya

Human Population Growth

Land Tenure Reforms and Policies.

Human-Wildlife Conflict (HWC)

Illegal and Unsustainable Off-Take of Wildlife and the Bushmeat Trade

Climate Change

Invasive Alien Plant Species

Insights into Workable Solutions to Wildlife Conservation and Management in Kenya

Opportunities for Strengthening Wildlife Conservation and Management in Kenya

Create More Space for Wildlife

Social Support for Conservation

Harness Local Communities´ Goodwill

Participatory or Collaborative Wildlife Management Approach

Socio-economic Empowerment of the Rural Communities

Equitable and Effective Wildlife Benefit-Sharing Mechanisms Among Partners

Promotion of Community-Based Wildlife Management Models

Ensuring Public Participation in the Establishment of PAs

Ensuring Effective Legal Frameworks and Deterrents

Other Opportunities

Strengthening of the Science-Policy-Practice Interface

Harmonization of Existing Wildlife and Other Relevant Sectoral Policies and Legislation

Decentralization of Wildlife Conservation Operations

Conservation Education

Climate

Wildlife Conservation Law

General Information and Definitions

Types of Law

Levels and Sources

The Development of Wildlife Laws

International Wildlife Conservation Legislation

The Main Conventions

Sectoral and Single Species Treaties

Regional Wildlife Conservation Legislation

National Wildlife Conservation Legislation

Wildlife Law Enforcement

Part II: Applying Forensic Science and Integrative Disciplines to Conservation

Conservation Forensics: The Intersection of Wildlife Crime, Forensics, and Conservation

Causes and Scale of Wildlife Crime

Negative Impacts of Wildlife Crime

The Need for Conservation Forensics.

Application of Forensic Tools and Techniques

The Crime Scene

Pathology and Toxicology

Microscopy and Morphology

Forensic Entomology

Conservation Genetics and Isotope Analysis

Emerging Technologies

Technologies for Surveillance and Detection

Animal Devices

Radio Frequency Identification Tags

Spatial Technologies

Biologgers

Non-animal Devices

Night Vision and Thermal Optics

Remote Cameras and Break Beams

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Autonomous Recording Devices

Analytical and Outcome-Oriented Products

Predictive Mapping

Data Analysis and Applications

Conservation Forensics to Prevent Wildlife Crime

The Intersection of Forensic Techniques with Ecological Issues

An Introduction to Ecology, Biodiversity, and Forensics

Box 1 When a Hallmark Food Web Needs Ecological Forensics

Methods Used to Study Environmental DNA

Tracking Species of Interest with eDNA

Case Study on eDNA from Sediments: Species Networks to Diagnose Processes

Lagoons

The Future

Wildlife Forensic Genetics and Biodiversity Conservation: The Intersection of Science, Species Management, and the Law

A Brief History of Wildlife Forensics

The Link Between Wildlife Forensics and Biodiversity

Biodiversity Conservation Research and Wildlife Forensic Genetics: Similarities and Differences

Population Genetics

Phylogenetics and Evolution

Statistical Analysis

Cautionary Points

Standards and Guidelines

Box 1 Examples of Forensic Testing Laboratories That Conduct Wildlife Forensic Genetics Analyses

How Wildlife Forensic Genetics Intersects with Biodiversity Conservation: Case Studies

The Endangered Species Act (ESA)

ESA Case Study: Wildlife Forensic Identification of North American Gray Wolf Populations.

CITES: The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

CITES Case Study: Pa Lor

The Lacey Act

Lacey Act Case Study: House Mountain Elk

Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (BGEPA)

MBTA/BGEPA Case Study: Operation Dakota Flyer

US Animal Conservation Laws for International Species of Interest

Case Study: Ivory Crush to Combat Trade of Ivory

Case Study: Operation Northwest Caviar

Summary

Carrion Ecology

Biological Processes of Decomposition

Arthropods and Carrion

Carrion Use by Vertebrates

Ecosystem Services Provided by Vertebrate Scavengers

Critical Linkages in Food Webs

Distribution of Nutrients Within and Among Ecosystems

The Role of Scavengers in Disease Ecology

Microorganisms

Carrion Ecology in the Aquatic Ecosystem

Gas Exchange

Nutrient Limitations

Other Chemical Factors

Carrion and the Environment

Nutrient Cycling in a Food Web

Ecological Effect of Carrion

Chapter Summary

Wildlife Forensic Pathology

The Role of Pathology in Wildlife Studies

The Role of a Necropsy

Personnel

Post-mortem Methods

Box 1 Stages of a Post-mortem Examination

Preparation of Equipment

Forensic Pathology in the Field

Timing of the Necropsy

Examination of Samples

Health and Safety

Performance of the Necropsy

Post-mortem Technique

Assessing the Time of Death

Box 2 Assessing the Time of Death: Indicators of Importance

Determining How Death Occurred

Box 3 Questions to Ask When Ascertaining How Death Occurred

Making a Diagnosis

Definition and Description of Lesions

Box 4 Describing Lesions

Morphometrics

Species Differentiation

Age Determination of Animals and Their Derivatives

Ageing of Lesions.

Box 5 Criteria Useful When Assessing Lesions.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

3-030-64682-3

OCLC:

1260346311