Pines and their mixed forest ecosystems in the Mediterranean Basin / edited by Gidi Ne'eman, Yagil Osem.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Neʼeman, Gidi, editor.

Osem, Yagil, editor.

Series:

Managing forest ecosystems (Online) ; Volume 38.

Managing Forest Ecosystems ; Volume 38

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Applied ecology.

Forest management.

Biotic communities.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (744 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Cham, Switzerland : Palgrave Macmillan, [2021]

Summary:

Almost 20 years after the first MEDPINE book "Ecology, biogeography and management of Pinus halepensis and P.brutia forest ecosystems in the Mediterranean basin "(Ne'eman and Trabaud, 2000) was published, this new book presents up-to-date and state of the art information, covering a wide range of topics concerning Mediterranean pine trees growing.

Contents:

Intro

Foreword

Preface

Contents

Contributors

Part I: Evolution, Genetics and Distribution

Chapter 1: Phylogenesis and Evolution of Mediterranean Pines

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Adaptive Evolution Through Time and Space for Individual Species

1.2.1 Phylogeny

1.2.2 Phylogeography and Demography

1.2.3 Adaptation at the Molecular Level

1.3 Evolutionary Processes Based on Phylogeny: Traits and Genes

1.3.1 Evolution of Traits

1.3.1.1 Fire

1.3.1.2 Other Life-History Traits

1.3.1.3 Biotic Resistance

1.3.2 Adaptive Molecular Evolution

1.4 Conclusion and Perspectives

References

Chapter 2: Population Genetics and Genomics of Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis)

2.1 Patterns at Full Distribution Scale

2.2 Patterns at the Local Scale

2.3 Conclusions - Perspectives

Chapter 3: Conservation and Breeding of Mediterranean Pines

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Genetics of Mediterranean Pines

3.2.1 Gene Flow

3.2.2 Natural Selection

3.2.3 Phenotypic Plasticity

3.2.4 Population Differentiation and Local Adaptation

3.2.5 Within-Population Diversity

3.2.6 Inbreeding

3.2.7 Other Aspects

3.3 Conservation of Forest Genetic Resources

3.3.1 Threats to the Genetic Resources of Mediterranean Pines

3.3.2 Conservation Strategies and Actions

3.4 Breeding in Mediterranean Pines

3.4.1 Breeding Activities and Actions

3.4.1.1 Pinus pinaster

Breeding Program in France (Landes of Aquitaine)

Breeding Programs in Other Countries Within the Natural Range

3.4.1.2 Pinus brutia

3.4.1.3 Pinus halepensis

3.4.1.4 Pinus pinea

3.4.1.5 Pinus canariensis

3.4.1.6 Pinus nigra

3.4.1.7 Pinus sylvestris

3.4.1.8 High Mountain Pines (P. heldreichii, P. uncinata, P. mugo)

3.5 Transfer and Use of Forest Reproductive Material.

3.5.1 Regions of Provenance and Basic Material

3.5.2 Seed Sourcing in Mediterranean Pines

3.6 Perspectives and Concluding Remarks

Chapter 4: Biogeographical Patterns of Local Adaptation and Plasticity of Mediterranean Pines and Their Implications Under Climate Change

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The Climatic Niche of Mediterranean Pines

4.3 Environmental Drivers of Genetic Adaptation in Mediterranean Pines

4.4 Phenotypic Plasticity and Genetic Adaptation in Phenotypic Traits at Large Geographical Scales

4.5 Phenotypic Plasticity, Local Adaptation and Distribution Ranges of Mediterranean Pines

4.6 Mediterranean Conifers Under Climate Change: Perspectives and Further Research

Chapter 5: Mediterranean Pines as Invasive Species in the Southern Hemisphere

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Human-Induced Range Changes Within the Natural Range of Mediterranean Pines

5.3 The History of Planting Mediterranean Pines Outside Their Natural Range

5.4 The History of Mediterranean Pine Invasions

5.5 The Ecology of Pine Invasions in the Southern Hemisphere

5.6 Impacts of Invasive Pines in the Southern Hemisphere

5.7 Management of Pine Invasions in the Southern Hemisphere

5.8 Conclusions

Part II: Ecophysiology of Mediterranean Pines: Resistance to Stress and Perturbation

Chapter 6: What Is a Mediterranean Pine? Physiological Trade-Offs Under Stress and Perturbation

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Shade and Drought and Fire Tolerances

6.3 Drought Resistance in Mediterranean Pines

6.3.1 Cavitation Resistance

6.3.2 Water Use and Rooting Patterns

6.4 Photosynthesis and Growth Rates

6.5 The Physiology of Pine-Fire Interactions

6.6 Physiological Adaptations to Stress and Disturbance

6.7 Trade-Offs in Adaptations to Stress and Disturbance.

6.8 Drought, Fire and Shade Tolerances as Major Drivers of Pine Species Distributions across Mediterranean Productivity Gradients

6.9 Conclusions

Chapter 7: Carbon Allocation Dynamics in Mediterranean Pines Under Stress

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Carbon Allocation Across Tree Compartments in Mediterranean Pines

7.3 Carbon Reserves and Their Use in Mediterranean Pines Under Stress

7.4 Carbon Fluxes in Mediterranean Pines

7.5 Conclusions

Chapter 8: Mediterranean Pine Root Systems Under Drought

8.1 Mediterranean Pines´ Root Structure and Function

8.1.1 Pine Roots and Genetic Adaptations to Drought

8.1.2 Pine Root Functioning and Its Environmental Drivers

8.2 Pine Roots and Forest Management Under Climatic Change

Chapter 9: Stress and Tree Mortality in Mediterranean Pine Forests: Anthropogenic Influences

9.1 Introduction

9.2 History of Use and Management

9.3 The Magnitude of the Decline in Mediterranean Pine Forests

9.4 Decline Predisposing Factors and Tree Mortality Mechanisms

9.4.1 Global Change-Related Threats

9.4.1.1 Land-Use change

9.4.1.2 Climate Change

9.5 Mitigation Practices Through Forest Management

Annex

Chapter 10: Forest Disease Affecting Pines in the Mediterranean Basin

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Drivers of Disease in the Mediterranean Region

10.3 Different Types of Disease Affecting Pines

10.3.1 Disease as Part of the Natural Dynamics of Forests

10.3.2 Novel Diseases Caused by Invasive Pathogens

10.3.3 Disease Caused by Multiple Biotic Agents Including Pests

10.4 Interactive Factors Leading to Disease

10.4.1 Interaction of Disease with Abiotic Factors

10.4.2 Interaction of Disease with Anthropogenic Activities, Such as Forest Management and Forest Plantations (Native and Exotic).

10.5 Modeling of Forest Disease for Management and Policy

10.6 Research Directions: Particular Issues of Forest Disease Under Dry Mediterranean Conditions

10.7 Management Recommendations for Pines in Semiarid Regions

Chapter 11: Genetic and Ecological Basis of Resistance to Herbivorous Insects in Mediterranean Pines

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Main Insect Herbivores of Mediterranean Pines

11.2.1 Defoliators

11.2.2 Stem Borers, Phloem Feeders and Bud Miners

11.2.3 Sap Suckers

11.2.4 Cone and Seed Feeders

11.3 Mechanisms and Strategies Providing Resistance to Insect Herbivores in Mediterranean Pine Trees

11.3.1 Direct Resistance Mechanisms

11.3.1.1 Mechanical Defenses

11.3.1.2 Chemical Defenses

11.3.2 Indirect Resistance Mechanisms

11.3.3 Induced Resistance

11.3.3.1 Induced Direct Resistance

11.3.3.2 Induced Emission of Organic Volatile Compounds (VOCs)

11.3.3.3 Induced Tolerance Responses

11.3.4 Priming of Resistance

11.4 Trade-Offs Associated with Mediterranean Pine Defenses

11.5 Variation in Defensive Investment

11.5.1 Genetic Variation

11.5.2 Environmental Plasticity

11.5.3 Other Sources of Variation

11.6 Concluding Remarks

Part III: Pine and Mixed Forest Ecosystems Under Global Climate Change

Chapter 12: Effects of Global Change on Tree Growth and Vigor of Mediterranean Pines

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Study Cases

12.2.1 Defoliation, Growth and Mortality in Mediterranean Pines

12.2.2 Tree Defoliation and Mortality in Spain: A Hotspot of Pine Dieback

12.2.3 Composition and Growth Dynamics of Spanish Pine Forests

12.3 Discussion

12.4 Conclusions

Chapter 13: Mediterranean Pine Forest Distribution: Assessing Vulnerability and Resilience Under Climate Change

13.1 Mediterranean Pine Forests Under Global Change.

13.2 Demographic Responses of Pine Forests to Climate

13.2.1 Forest Historical Archives: Accounting for Management Effects

13.2.2 National Forest Inventories: Demographic Data Along Latitudinal Gradients

13.3 Key Ecological Factors at Range Edges

13.3.1 Herbivory as a Biotic Factor Modulating Drought Responses

13.3.2 Frost Tolerance as a Driver of Upper and Northern Limits

13.4 Resistance and Resilience to Drought: Assessing the Capacity to Maintain Function and Structure

13.5 Modelling Pine Ecosystem Dynamics

13.6 Conclusions: Implications for Predicting Potential Changes in Pine Forest Distributions

Chapter 14: Carbon and Energy Balance of Dry Mediterranean Pine Forests: A Case Study

14.1 Semi-arid Forests and Their Contribution to the Climate System

14.2 Contrasting Effects of Semi-arid Afforestation on Climate - The Carbon Sink and Energy Balance

14.3 Aleppo Pine - A Dominant Species in Mediterranean Forests

14.4 Yatir Aleppo Pine at the Hot and Dry Timberline

14.5 Eddy Covariance Measurements in Yatir Forest

14.6 Measurements Along the Precipitation Gradient

14.7 Leaf, Branch and Tree Scale and Soil Measurements of Water and CO2

14.8 Carbon Inventory

14.9 Annual Carbon and Energy Fluxes

14.10 Diurnal Dynamics of Carbon and Energy Fluxes

14.11 Inter-Annual Variability and Dependence of Carbon Fluxes on Precipitation and Land Cover

14.12 Flux Variations Along the Rainfall Gradient

14.13 Dryland Forests as Carbon Sinks

14.14 The Paradox of the Yatir Forest Energy Balance and the 'Convertor Effect'

14.15 Effect of Afforestation on Cooling/Heating of the Atmosphere

14.16 Conclusions

Chapter 15: Soil Properties and Biogeochemical Functioning in Mediterranean Pine Forests

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Soil Properties

15.2.1 pH.

15.2.2 Cation Exchange Capacity.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

3-030-63625-9

OCLC:

1277140093