Reviews on new drug targets in age-related disorders. Part II / Paul C. Guest, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Guest, Paul C., editor.

Series:

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ; v.1286

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Drug targeting.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (274 pages)

Place of Publication:

Cham, Switzerland : Springer, [2021]

System Details:

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Summary:

Aging is an inevitable part of life, and is becoming a worldwide social, economic and health problem due to the fact that an increasing proportion of individuals in the advanced age category have a higher probability of developing age-related disorders. New therapeutic approaches are still in need to decrease or slow the effects of such diseases in this aging society. Advances in 'omic technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics have significantly advanced our understanding of diseases in multiple medical areas. It is hoped that emerging hits from these analyses might be prioritized for further screening as potential novel drug targets for increasing the human healthspan in line with the lifespan, which will in turn lead to new therapeutic strategies and drug development projects by the pharmaceutical industry. This new book presents a series of reviews describing studies which have resulted in the identification of potential new drug targets for age-related disorders. Much of this information has come from 'omic comparisons of healthy and disease states or from testing the effects of potential new therapeutic approaches. Each chapter will be presented in the context of specific chronic diseases or different therapeutic strategies, providing important information on disease mechanisms related to the aging process. This book will be of interest to researchers in the areas of aging and chronic disease, as well as clinical scientists, physicians, and major drug companies. With contributors from Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, India, Iran, Iraq, South Africa, South Korea, Thailand, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay and Vietnam, this is a timely follow up to Guest's previous book Reviews on New Drug Targets in Age-Related Disorders.

Contents:

Intro

Preface

Contents

1: New Therapeutic Approaches and Biomarkers for Increased Healthspan

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Body Composition

1.2.1 Adiposity

1.2.2 Muscle Mass

1.2.3 Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Body Composition

1.2.3.1 Resistance Exercise

1.2.3.2 Dietary Methods

1.2.3.3 Pharmaceuticals and Natural Compounds

1.2.3.4 Combination Approaches

1.3 Biomarkers

1.3.1 Physical Function and Body Composition

1.3.2 Circulating Molecular Biomarkers

1.3.3 Genes

1.3.3.1 FOXO

1.3.3.2 APOE

1.3.3.3 KL

1.3.3.4 ACE

1.3.3.5 IL-6

1.3.3.6 Genetic Networks

1.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives

References

2: Targeting Cancer Metabolism and Current Anti-Cancer Drugs

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Glycolysis

2.2.1 Hexokinase

2.2.2 Pyruvate Kinase

2.2.3 Lactate Dehydrogenase-A

2.2.4 Monocarboxylate Transporters (MCTs)

2.3 Mitochondrial Metabolism

2.3.1 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase

2.3.2 TCA Cycle

2.3.3 Oxidative Phosphorylation

2.4 Glutaminolysis

2.4.1 Glutaminase (GLS)

2.5 De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis

2.5.1 ATP-Citrate Lyase

2.5.2 Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

2.5.3 Fatty Acid Synthase

2.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives

3: A Review of Monoclonal Antibody-Based Treatments in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Targeted Therapies and their Approved Antibodies

3.2.1 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)

3.2.1.1 Cetuximab

3.2.1.2 Nimotuzumab

3.2.1.3 Matuzumab

3.2.1.4 Necitumumab

3.2.1.5 Panitumumab

3.2.2 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)

3.2.2.1 Bevacizumab

3.2.2.2 Ramucirumab

3.2.3 PD-1 and PD Ligands 1 and 2 (PD-L1 and L2)

3.2.3.1 Pembrolizumab

3.2.3.2 Nivolumab

3.2.3.3 Atezolizumab

3.2.3.4 Durvalumab.

3.2.3.5 Avelumab

3.2.4 IGF-1R

3.2.4.1 Figitumumab

3.2.5 RANKL

3.2.5.1 Denosumab

3.2.6 HGF

3.2.6.1 Ficlatuzumab

3.2.6.2 Rilotumumab

3.2.7 CTLA-4

3.2.7.1 Ipilimumab

3.2.7.2 Tremelimumab

3.2.8 Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Receptor 2 (TR-2) or Death Receptor 5 (DR5)

3.2.8.1 Conatumumab

3.3 Conclusions

4: Parkinson's Disease and Impairment in Mitochondrial Metabolism: A Pathognomic Signature

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Impaired Mitochondrial Metabolism Etiologies

4.2.1 Mutations in the OxPhos System

4.2.2 Defects in Complex 1 and PD Prognosis: A Pathognomic Signature

4.2.3 Intracellular ROS

4.2.4 Impaired Calcium Balance

4.2.5 Mitochondrial ETC Inhibitors and Environmental Toxicants

4.2.6 Increased Fat Diet Uptake

4.3 PD and Perturbed Mitochondrial Metabolism

4.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives

5: Targeted Treatment of Age-Related Fibromyalgia with Supplemental Coenzyme Q10

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Pathogenesis of Fibromyalgia

5.3 Fibromyalgia and Aging

5.4 Nutritional Supplementation and Aging

5.5 CoQ10

5.6 Clinical Studies on CoQ10 Supplementation in Fibromyalgia

5.7 Safety and Bioavailability of CoQ10

5.8 Conclusions

6: Immunoregulatory Effects of Tolerogenic Probiotics in Multiple Sclerosis

6.1 Introduction

6.2 MS and the Immune System

6.2.1 Th1 and Th17 in MS

6.2.2 Th9 and Th22 in MS

6.2.3 CD8+ T Cells and B Cells in MS

6.2.4 T Regulatory (Treg) and Th2 Cells in MS

6.3 Risk Factors of MS

6.4 Therapeutics Approaches for MS

6.4.1 Probiotics and Autoimmune Diseases

6.4.2 Cross-Talk of Multiple Sclerosis and Microbiota

6.4.3 Modulatory Effects of Tolerogenic Probiotics on CNS.

6.4.4 Modulatory Effects of Tolerogenic Probiotics on Treg Cells

6.4.5 Modulatory Effects of Tolerogenic Probiotics on Th1 and Th17

6.5 Concluding Remarks

7: Multifaceted Roles of Long Non-coding RNAs in Head and Neck Cancer

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Structure and Characteristics of lncRNAs

7.3 lncRNAs Associated with Tumorigenesis and Development of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC)

7.4 lncRNAs Associated with Invasion and Metastasis of HNC

7.5 lncRNAs Associated with Treatment Resistance in HNC

7.6 Prognostic Role of lncRNAs in HNC

7.7 Conclusions

8: A Systematic Review on the Genotoxic Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Methods

8.2.1 Literature Search Strategy

8.2.2 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

8.2.3 Data Extraction

8.3 Results

8.3.1 Literature Search

8.3.2 Citalopram

8.3.3 Escitalopram

8.3.4 Fluoxetine

8.3.5 Fluvoxamine

8.3.6 Paroxetine

8.3.7 Sertraline

8.4 Discussion

8.5 Conclusions

9: Toward a New Era for the Management of Circulating Tumor Cells

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Historical Background

9.3 Detection Methods

9.3.1 Biological Properties

9.3.1.1 Density Gradient Centrifugation

9.3.1.2 Filtration

9.3.2 Physical Properties

9.3.2.1 Negative Selection

9.3.2.2 Positive Selection

9.4 Research of Circulating Tumor Cells in Several Types of Cancers

9.4.1 Breast Cancer

9.4.2 Colorectal Cancer

9.4.3 Lung Cancer

9.4.4 Prostate Cancer

9.4.5 Melanoma

9.4.6 Sarcomas

9.4.7 Head and Neck Cancer

9.5 Clinical Applications and Limitations

9.6 Conclusion

10: Telomerase: A Target for Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin in Cancer

10.1 Introduction

10.2 In Vitro Studies on Telomerase Inhibition.

10.3 In Vivo Studies

10.4 Conclusions

11: Aspirin as a Potential Geroprotector: Experimental Data and Clinical Evidence

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Mechanisms of Action

11.3 Lifespan Extension in Model Organisms

11.3.1 Caenorhabditis elegans

11.3.2 Drosophila melanogaster

11.3.3 Rodents

11.4 Health Benefits of Aspirin: Evidence from Clinical Trials

11.4.1 Aspirin and CVD Prevention in Elderly

11.4.2 Anti-Cancer Effects of Aspirin

11.4.3 Anti-inflammatory Properties of Aspirin

11.4.4 Aspirin and Cognitive Function

11.5 Adverse Effects of Aspirin

11.5.1 Aspirin and Risk of Bleedings

11.5.2 Low-Dose Aspirin on Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) and Cerebral Microbleeds

11.5.3 Adverse Effects of Aspirin in Elderly Patients Having Surgical Procedures

11.5.4 Aspirin and Potential Drug-Drug Interactions

11.6 Conclusions and Future Directions

12: Targeting Stem Cells in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Mesenchymal Stem Cells

12.3 Dysregulation of MSCs' Immunomodulatory Properties

12.4 Methodological Considerations in the Interpretation of Intervention Strategy Outcomes

12.5 Interventions

12.5.1 Pharmacological Blocking of NFкB Signalling

12.5.2 Natural Antioxidants and/or Anti-inflammatory Agents

12.5.3 Biological Agents

12.5.3.1 Microvesicles and Exosomes

12.5.3.2 Probiotics: An Emerging Therapeutic Hope?

12.6 Conclusion

13: Therapeutic Strategies and Nano-Drug Delivery Applications in Management of Aging Alzheimer's Disease

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Targeting the Amyloid Cascade

13.3 Nanomaterials Against Amyloid Diseases

13.4 Nanotechnologies for AD Treatment

13.4.1 Targeting Androgen and Estrogen NPs

13.4.2 Polymeric Nanoparticles.

13.4.3 Inorganic Nanoparticles

13.4.4 Mitochondrial Targeting

13.5 Targets for Future Drugs

13.6 Conclusion, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

14: Psychometric Evaluation of Stress in 17,414 Critical Care Unit Nurses: Effects of Age, Gender, and Working Conditions

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Methods

14.2.1 Design, Setting, and Procedures

14.2.2 Ethical Considerations

14.2.3 Sample Size

14.2.4 Measurements

14.2.5 Statistical Analyses

14.3 Results

14.3.1 Content Validity

14.3.2 Construct Validity

14.3.3 Reliability

14.3.4 Convergent Validity

14.3.5 Discriminate Validity (the Fornell-Larcker Criterion)

14.3.6 Relationship Between Stress Components and Background Variables

14.4 Discussion

14.5 Conclusion

15: Targeting Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases by AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy

15.1 Introduction

15.2 AAV-Based Gene Therapy

15.3 Optimizing AAV Capsids for Efficient CNS Transduction

15.4 AAV-Based Gene Therapy for AD, PD, and ALS: Highlights from the Clinic

15.4.1 Alzheimer's Disease (AD)

15.4.2 Parkinson's Disease (PD)

15.4.3 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

15.5 Conclusions

16: Is Adipose Tissue the Fountain of Youth? The Impact of Adipose Stem Cell Aging on Metabolic Homeostasis, Longevity, and Cell-Based Therapies

16.1 Introduction

16.2 The Effects of Chronological Aging on ASC Biology and Function

16.2.1 Age-Induced ASC Senescence

16.2.1.1 Senescence Mechanisms: A Brief Overview

16.2.1.2 Markers of Senescence

16.2.1.3 Characterization of Age-Associated Senescence in ASCs

16.2.2 Downregulation of the Adipogenic Gene Program

16.2.3 Age, Senescence, and Inflammation in ASCs.

16.2.4 The Role of ASCs in the Age-Related Loss of Lipid Storage Capacity in Adipose Tissue.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

3-030-55035-4

OCLC:

1242406009