Medicinal and Aromatic Plants : Healthcare and Industrial Applications / edited by Tariq Aftab, Khalid Rehman Hakeem.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Aftab, Tariq, editor.

Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, editor.

Series:

Biomedical and Life Sciences Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Botanical chemistry.

Alternative medicine.

Biotechnology.

Agricultural biotechnology.

Biomaterials.

Food science.

Plant Biochemistry.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

Agricultural Biotechnology.

Plant Materials.

Food Engineering.

Local Subjects:

Plant Biochemistry.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

Biotechnology.

Agricultural Biotechnology.

Plant Materials.

Food Engineering.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (781 pages)

Edition:

1st ed. 2021.

Place of Publication:

Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer, 2021.

Summary:

Before the concept of history began, humans undoubtedly acquired life benefits by discovering medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) that were food and medicine. Today, a variety of available herbs and spices are used and enjoyed throughout the world and continue to promote good health. The international market is also quite welcoming for MAPs and essential oils. The increasing environment and nature conscious buyers encourage producers to produce high quality essential oils. These consumer choices lead to growing preference for organic and herbal based products in the world market. As the benefits of medicinal and aromatic plants are recognized, these plants will have a special role for humans in the future. Until last century, the production of botanicals relies to a large degree on wild-collection. However, the increasing commercial collection, largely unmonitored trade, and habitat loss lead to an incomparably growing pressure on plant populations in thewild. Therefore, medicinal and aromatic plants are of high priority for conservation. Given the above, we bring forth a comprehensive volume, “Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Healthcare and Industrial Applications”, highlighting the various healthcare, industrial and pharmaceutical applications that are being used on these immensely important MAPs and its future prospects. This collection of chapters from the different areas dealing with MAPs caters to the need of all those who are working or have interest in the above topic.

Contents:

Intro

Preface

Contents

About the Editors

Chapter 1: Medicinal Plants and Herbal Drugs: An Overview

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Taxonomical Aspects and Botanical Characteristics of Medicinal Plants

1.2.1 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

1.2.2 Plant Morphology

1.2.3 Plant Physiology

1.2.3.1 Primary and Secondary Metabolism

1.3 Bioactive Chemical Substances

1.3.1 Phenolic Compounds

1.3.1.1 Simple Phenolics

1.3.1.2 Anthraquinones

1.3.1.3 Naphthoquinones

1.3.1.4 Tannins

1.3.1.5 Coumarins

1.3.1.6 Lignans

1.3.1.7 Stilbenes

1.3.1.8 Flavonoids

Flavones

Flavanols

Flavonols

Flavanones

Flavanonols

Isoflavones

Neoflavonoids

Anthocyanidins

Chalcones

1.3.2 Terpenes

1.3.2.1 Monoterpenes

1.3.2.2 Sesquiterpenes

1.3.2.3 Diterpenes

1.3.2.4 Triterpenes

1.3.2.5 Saponins

1.3.3 Alkaloids

1.4 Cultivation and Good Agricultural Practices for Medicinal Plants

1.4.1 Seeds and Other Propagation Materials

1.4.2 Site Selection

1.4.3 Light

1.4.4 Temperature

1.4.5 Atmospheric Humidity

1.4.6 Water Supply

1.4.7 Soil

1.4.8 Fertilizers

1.4.9 Maintenance and Protection

1.4.10 Harvesting

1.4.11 Post-Harvest Processing

1.5 Medicinal Plant Products (Herbal Drugs) and Safety and Quality Concerns

1.5.1 Adulteration of Herbal Drugs

1.5.2 Quality Control of Medicinal Plant Products/Drugs

1.6 Conservation and Sustainable Use of Medicinal Plants: Threats, Issues and Strategies

1.7 Conclusions

References

Chapter 2: Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs): Potent Molecules in Nature's Arsenal to Fight Human Diseases

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Primary Metabolites Versus Secondary Metabolites

2.3 Classification of Secondary Metabolites

2.3.1 Terpenoids and Steroids

2.3.1.1 Terpenoids/Terpenes

Monoterpenes.

Diterpenes

Triterpenes

Tetraterpenes

Polyterpenes

Saponins

2.3.1.2 Steroids

2.3.2 Phenolics

2.3.2.1 Flavonoids and Anthocyanins

2.3.2.2 Stilbenes

2.3.2.3 Catechins and Tannins

2.3.2.4 Coumarins and Furanocoumarins

2.3.2.5 Lignans and Lignin

2.3.3 Alkaloids

2.3.3.1 Ornithine-Derived Alkaloids

2.3.3.2 Lysine-Derived Alkaloids

2.3.3.3 Phenylalanine and Tyrosine-Derived Alkaloids

2.3.3.4 Indole Alkaloids

2.4 Functions of Plant Secondary Metabolites

2.5 Biological Potential and Health Benefits of Secondary Metabolites of MAPs

2.6 Conclusion

Chapter 3: Biodiversity, Management and Sustainable Use of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Resources

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Diversity

3.3 Various Factors Responsible for MAPs Exploitation

3.4 Utilisation and Conservation Strategies of MAPs

3.5 Role of Biotechnology in the Protection of Endangered MAPs

3.6 Protocols/Approaches to Medicinal Plant Conservation

3.7 Priorities and Strategies for Future Action

3.8 Conclusion

Chapter 4: Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Their Disease-Fighting Properties

4.1 Introduction

4.2 History of MAPs and Their Secondary Metabolites

4.3 Secondary Metabolites in MAPs and Their Role in Nature

4.3.1 Role of Secondary Metabolites in Nature

4.4 Pathways for Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites in MAPs

4.4.1 Biosynthetic Pathways for Terpenes

4.4.2 Biosynthetic Pathway for Phenolics

4.4.3 Biosynthetic Pathways for Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

4.5 Various Types of Secondary Metabolites in MAPs

4.5.1 Terpenoids/Terpenes

4.5.2 Phenolic Compounds

4.5.3 Nitrogen-Containing Compounds

4.6 Pharmacological Potential and Mechanism of Action of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites.

4.6.1 Antimicrobial Activity

4.6.2 Anti-carcinogenic Activity

4.6.3 Anti-cholestromic/Anti-lipidemic Activity

4.6.4 Antiviral Activity

4.6.5 Antidiabetic Activity

4.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects

Chapter 5: Potential Uses of Bioactive Compounds of Medicinal Plants and Their Mode of Action in Several Human Diseases

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Bioactive Compounds

5.3 Functions of Bioactive Compounds

5.3.1 Alkaloids

5.3.1.1 Some Important Alkaloid-Bearing Plants and Their Medicinal Properties

5.3.2 Terpenes

5.3.2.1 Some Important Terpenes Containing Medicinal Plants and Their Uses

5.3.3 Glycosides

5.3.4 Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids

5.4 Mode of Action

5.5 Conclusion

Chapter 6: Understanding the Mechanistic Functioning of Bioactive Compounds in Medicinal Plants

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Role of Secondary Metabolites

6.2.1 Covalent Interactions

6.2.2 Non-Covalent Interactions

6.2.3 Interactions with Biomembranes

6.2.4 Antioxidant Properties

6.3 Understanding the Elaborate Mechanism of Functioning of Some Important Secondary Metabolites

6.3.1 Phenolics

6.3.1.1 Aspirin

6.3.1.2 Quercetin

6.3.2 Alkaloids and Alkyl Amines

6.3.2.1 Quinine

6.3.2.2 Lysergic Acid Dimethylamine (LSD)

6.3.2.3 Vincristine and Vinblastine

6.3.3 Glycosides

6.3.3.1 Digoxin

6.3.4 Terpenoids

6.3.4.1 Saponins

6.3.5 Atypical Amino Acid

6.3.5.1 Myriocin

6.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives

Chapter 7: Nutraceutical Potential of Herbs and Aromatic Plants of Himalayan Region

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in the Indian Himalayan Region

7.3 Some Common Herbs Which Can Be Used as Nutraceuticals

7.3.1 Aconitum heterophyllum

7.3.1.1 Taxonomical Classification of Aconitum heterophyllum (Common Name - Atees).

7.3.1.2 Vernacular Names of Aconitum heterophyllum

7.3.1.3 Morphological Description and Distribution

7.3.1.4 Chemical Constituents

7.3.1.5 Role on Traditional Medicine System

7.3.1.6 Pharmacological Approaches

Antidiarrheal Activity

Anti-inflammatory Properties

Antibacterial Activity

Antioxidant Activities

Immunomodulatory Activities

7.3.2 Nardostachys jatamansi

7.3.2.1 Taxonomical Classification of Nardostachys jatamansi (Common Name - Jatamansi)

7.3.2.2 Vernacular Names of Nardostachys jatamansi

7.3.2.3 Morphological Description and Distribution

7.3.2.4 Chemical Constituents

7.3.2.5 Role on Traditional Medicine System

7.3.2.6 Pharmacological Approaches

Antimicrobial Properties

Antioxidant Properties

Hepatoprotective Activity

Antidiabetic Activity

Antiparkinson's Activity

Antiulcer Activity

7.3.3 Angelica glauca

7.3.3.1 Taxonomical Classification of Angelica glauca (Common Name - Gandhrain)

7.3.3.2 Vernacular Names of Angelica glauca

7.3.3.3 Morphological Description and Distribution

7.3.3.4 Chemical Constituents

7.3.3.5 Role on Traditional Medicine System

7.3.3.6 Pharmacological Approaches

Phytotoxic Activity

7.3.4 Hedychium spicatum

7.3.4.1 Taxonomical Classification of Hedychium spicatum (Common Name - Van-Haldi, Kapoor Kachri)

7.3.4.2 Vernacular Name of Hedychium spicatum

7.3.4.3 Morphological Description and Distribution

7.3.4.4 Chemical Constituents

7.3.4.5 Role on Traditional Medicine System

7.3.4.6 Pharmacological Approaches

Tranquilizing Action

Anthelmintic Activity

Cytotoxic Activity

7.3.5 Bergenia ciliata.

7.3.5.1 Taxonomical Classification of Bergenia ciliata (Common Name - Pashanabheda)

7.3.5.2 Vernacular Names of Bergenia ciliata

7.3.5.3 Morphological Description and Distribution

7.3.5.4 Chemical Constituents

7.3.5.5 Role on Traditional Medicine System

7.3.5.6 Pharmacological Approaches

Antimicrobial Activity

Anticarcinogenic Activity

Antiurolithiatic Activity

Hypoglycemic Activity

7.3.6 Rheum australe

7.3.6.1 Taxonomical Classification of Rheum australe (Common Name - Himalayan Rhubarb)

7.3.6.2 Vernacular Names of Rheum australe

7.3.6.3 Morphological Description and Distribution

7.3.6.4 Chemical Constituents

7.3.6.5 Role on Traditional Medicine System

7.3.6.6 Pharmacological Approaches

Anticancer Activity

Nephroprotective Activity

7.4 Conclusion

Chapter 8: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicity of Medicinal Plants

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Types of Phytochemicals

8.2.1 Phenolics

8.2.2 Phenolic Acids

8.2.3 Flavonoids

8.2.4 Tannins

8.2.5 Alkaloids

8.2.6 Saponins

8.3 Pharmacological Activities

8.3.1 Anticancer

8.3.2 Antidiabetic

8.3.3 Antipyretic Activity

8.3.4 Anti-Allergic Activity

8.3.5 Antioxidant

8.4 Toxicity of Medicinal Plants

8.4.1 Acute Toxicity

8.4.2 Sub-Acute Toxicity

8.4.3 Chronic Toxicity

8.5 Importance of Different Parameters in Toxicity Studies

8.5.1 Gross Behavior Assessment

8.5.2 Body Weight

8.5.3 Organ Weight

8.5.4 Serum Biochemical Importance

8.6 Conclusion and Future Prospectus

Chapter 9: Amaranthus caudatus L. as a Potential Bioresource for Nutrition and Health

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Distribution

9.3 Food Crisis and Alternatives.

9.4 Ethnobotany of Amaranthus.

ISBN:

3-030-58975-7

OCLC:

1244626904