Alternative medicine interventions for COVID-19 / Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq [and three others] editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Zia-Ul-Haq, Muhammad, Ph.D., editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

COVID-19 (Disease)--Alternative treatment.

COVID-19 (Disease).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (291 pages)

Place of Publication:

Cham, Switzerland : Springer, [2021]

Summary:

This research volume examines the available alternative, complementary, pharmaceutical and vaccine methods for treating, mitigating, or preventing COVID-19. Coverage includes traditional Chinese medicine, herbal remedies, nutraceutical/dietary options, and drug/vaccine therapies. All the methods discussed will be critically examined to provide readers with a full, unbiased overview that includes pros/cons of each method. While the nature of COVID-19 is still being studied, and new research and theories are being published daily, this book endeavors to provide readers with a comprehensive summary of current research on alternative and mainstream treatment and prevention methods.

Contents:

Intro

Preface

Contents

About the Editors

Chapter 1: Introduction to COVID-19

Introduction

Origin of COVID

Emergence and Epidemiology

Human-Animal Interaction as Risk Factor

Best Suitable Animal Model

COVID and Animal Welfare

Molecular Differences Between Different Animal Species

Vaccines for COVID from Animals

Conclusion

References

Chapter 2: Medicinal Plants as COVID-19 Remedy

Existing Plants with Potential Therapeutic Applications for Coronavirus Family (SARS-CoV)

Plants as Specific Inhibitors of HCoV Target Proteins

Bupleurum Species

Artemisia annua L.

Isatis indigotica Fortune ex Lindl.

Alcea digitata (Boiss.) Alef.

Lycoris radiata (L'Hér.) Herb.

Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farw.

Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

Torreya nucifera L.

Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm.

Rheum palmatum L.

Cerasus avium (L.) Moench.

Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.

Citrus aurantium L.

Rubia tinctorum L.

Onopordum acanthium L.

Quercus infectoria G. Olivier

Crataegus microphylla C. Koch

Berberis integerrima Bunge

Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud.

Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud.

Psoralea corylifolia L.

Tribulus terrestris L.

Medicinal Plants as Potential Source of Natural Antiviral Agents Against COVID -19

Allium Sativum (Garlic)

Azadirachta indica (Neem)

Curcuma domestica (Turmeric, Haldi)

Echinacea purpurea L. (Echinacea)

Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Fennel)

Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice)

Melissa officinalis L. (Lemon Balm)

Mentha piperita L. (Peppermint)

Nigella sativa L. (Black Seeds)

Origanum vulgare L. (Oregano)

Ocimum bacilicum L. (Basil)

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary)

Salvia officinalis L. (Sage)

Senna alexandrina Mill. (Senna Makki)

Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Ginger)

Limitations.

Conclusions

Chapter 3: Traditional Chinese Medicines as Possible Remedy Against SARS-CoV-2

Traditional Chinese Medical Practices

Laws for TCM Formulation

Antiviral Potential of Plant Metabolites

Structure of SARS-CoV-2

Relevance of SARS-CoV with SARS-CoV-2

Entry of SARS-CoV vs. SARS-CoV-2 into Host Cell

TCM and SARS-CoV

TCM and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

Most Practiced Herbs in Formulations Against COVID-19

Utilization Frequency of Herbs in the Formulation of (COVID-19) Decoctions

Approved/Proposed Decoctions with Successful Clinical Trials

Qingfei Paidu Decoction (QFPD) (Approved)

Huashi Baidu Decoction (HBD) (Approved)

Xiaochaihu Decoction (XCHD)

Xuanfei Baidu Decoction (XFBD) (Approved)

Jinhua Qinggan (JQ) (Approved)

Huoxiang Zhengqi (HZ) Capsule

Lianhua Qingwen (LQ)

Xuebijing Injection (XbI) (Approved)

Reduning Injection (RdI)

Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SFJC)

Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction (MXSGD) (Approved)

Yin Qiao San (YQS)

Yupingfeng San (YPFS)

Therapeutic Logic of TCM as COVID-19 Inhibitor

Mechanism of Direct Inhibition

TCM Targeting ACE2

TCM Targeting Protease

TCM Directly Targeting DNA Via Intercalation

TCM Directly Targeting DNA via JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

TCM Targeting sEH

Targeting VEGF

Targeting DPP4

Targeting JUN

Targeting EGFR

Targeting IL1B

Mechanism of Indirect Mechanisms

Anti-inflammation and Immune Regulation to Avoid Cytokine Storm

TCM Protect Organ Damage in COVID-19 Patients

Regulation of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) and Potential TCM Targets

Cytokine-Mediated Positive and Negative Immunity

TCM Targeting MAPK (Cytokine)

TCM Targeting Platinum Drug Resistance (Cytokine)

TCM Targeting Tyrosine Kinase Resistance (Cytokine).

TCM Targeting Interleukins (ILs) (Cytokine)

TCM Targeting TNF (Cytokines)

TCM Targeting Lymphocyte-Mediated Adaptive Immune System

Regulation of Apoptosis and Potential TCM Targets

TCM Targeting BCL Proteins

TCM Targeting CASP

7TCM Targeting Akt or Protein Kinase B (PKB)

Regulation of NF-κB Pathway and Potential TCM Targets

TCM Targeting TP53

TCM Targeting ICAM1

TCM Targeting RELA

Regulation of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism and Potential TCM Targets

TCM Targeting cPLA2α of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

TCM Targeting Cyclooxygenase-2 of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

TCM Targeting LOX of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

TCM Targeting Cytochrome P450

TCM Targeting Leukotrienes (LTs)

TCM Targeting CALM

TCM Targeting HIF-1 Signaling Pathways

TCM Targeting Endocrine Resistance

TCM Targeting FOS

TCM Targeting PTGS2

Regulation of Polyamine Metabolism and Potential TCM Targets

TCM Targeting NOS2 and AOC1

TCM Targeting CCL2

Meta-analysis

TCM from Chinese Combat Zone to World Combat Zone

Shortcomings of Antiviral Medicine on COVID-19

Conclusions

Chapter 4: Plant-Based Natural Products: Potential Anti-COVID-19 Agents

Antiviral Mechanistic Aspects of Phytochemicals

Mechanism

Plant Selection for Antiviral Screening

Different Classes of Phytochemicals as Antiviral Agents

Alkaloids

Flavonoids

Classification of Flavonoids

Chalcones

Dihydrochalcones

Flavones

Flavonones

Dihydroflavonols

Flavonol

Isoflavonoids

Isoflavones

Isoflavanones

Neoflavonoids

Terpenoids

Tannins

Vitamins

Chromones and Coumarins

Organosulfur Compounds

Selenium Compounds

Miscellaneous Antiviral Phytochemicals

Curcumin and Its Derivative

Chlorophyllin

Gingerols

Chitin and Chitosan

Anthraquinone

Conclusion.

References

Chapter 5: Foods as First Defense Against COVID-19

Role of Nutrition and Diet in Prevention and Management of COVID-19

Prioritizing Nutrition Interventions During COVID-19

Grains

Vegetables and Fruits

Nuts

Legumes

Meat

Milk and Milk Products

Herbs

Role of Vitamins in COVID-19

Vitamin A

Vitamin B

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Role of Minerals in COVID-19

Iron

Selenium

Zinc

Magnesium

Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Nutrients for Immune System and Resilience in COVID-19

Nutrition in Lowering Stress and Depression in COVID-19

Food Choices for Diabetic Patients During COVID-19

Food Choices for Cardiovascular Patients During COVID-19

Food Choices for Cancer Patients During COVID-19

Food Choices for Patients with Digestive Disorders During COVID-19

Food Choices for Pulmonary Disease Patients During COVID-19

Malnutrition May Exacerbate COVID-19

Nutrition and Post-COVID Recovery

Future Perspectives

Chapter 6: Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19

Dexamethasone

Chloroquine

Remdesivir

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Spike Protein Inhibitors

Chapter 7: COVID-19 Pandemic and Vaccines

COVID-19 Vaccines: A Need of Time

Coronavirus Vaccine Development: Challenges of the Past

Vaccine Development Strategies

Nucleic Acid Vaccines

Protein Subunit Vaccines

Inactivated or Live-Attenuated Virus Vaccines

Virus Vector-Based Vaccines

Repurposed Vaccines for COVID-19 and Off-Target Effects of Other Vaccines

Plant-Based Vaccines

Animal Models for SARS-CoV-2 Studies

Cell Culture Systems for SARS-CoV-2 Studies

Clinical and Immunological Endpoints

Vaccine Development Landscape.

Global and Equitable Distribution of Vaccines

Vaccine Developers and Geographical Distribution

Chapter 8: Updates in Vaccine Development Against COVID-19

Sinovac Biotech, China

Bibliography

Chapter 9: COVID-19: Recent Developments in Therapeutic Approaches

Morphology of SARS-CoV-2

Genome Organization of SARS-CoV-2

Replication of SARS-CoV-2

Transmission and Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2

Clinical Characterization of SARS-CoV-2

Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2

Therapeutic Options for the Treatment of COVID-19

Antivirals or Immunomodulatory Drugs for COVID-19

Vaccine for COVID-19

Plasma/Serotherapy for COVID-19

Alternative Therapies

Anticoagulant Therapy

Glucocorticoids (GC)

Stem Cell-Based Therapy

ACE-2-Mediated Therapies

CRISPR/Cas System

Index.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

3-030-67989-6

OCLC:

1244623089