Amino acids in nutrition and health : amino acids in the nutrition of companion, zoo and farm animals / Guoyao Wu, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Wu, Guoyao, 1962- editor.

Series:

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ; v.1285

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Amino acids in animal nutrition.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (vi, 256 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Cham, Switzerland : Springer, [2021]

Summary:

Amino acids (AAs) are not only building blocks of protein, but are also signalling molecules as well as regulators of gene expression and the protein phosphorylation cascade. Additionally, AAs are key precursors for syntheses of hormones and low-molecular weight nitrogenous substances with each having enormous biological importance. For example.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Chapter 1: One-Carbon Metabolism and Development of the Conceptus During Pregnancy: Lessons from Studies with Sheep and Pigs

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Metabolism in Trophectoderm During Peri-Implantation Period

1.2.1 Warburg Effect in a Hypoxic Environment

1.2.2 Glutaminolysis as a TCA Cycle Anaplerosis

1.2.3 Polyol Pathway and Fructolysis to Bypass Feedback Inhibition of Glycolysis

1.3 Serine as a Major Source of 1C Unit

1.3.1 Serine Biosynthesis from Glucose

1.3.2 Serine Biosynthesis from Fructose

1.3.3 Serine in Biological Fluids During Pregnancy

1.4 Formate as a Major Output of 1C Metabolism

1.4.1 Neural Tube Defects

1.4.2 Formate During Pregnancy in Sheep and Pigs

1.5 Compartmentalization of 1C Metabolism

1.5.1 Mitochondrial 1C Metabolism

1.5.2 Cytosolic 1C Metabolism

1.6 Summary

References

Chapter 2: Cell-Specific Expression of Enzymes for Serine Biosynthesis and Glutaminolysis in Farm Animals

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Overview of Serine Biosynthesis, One-Carbon Metabolism, and Glutaminolysis

2.3 Overview of Placental and Uterine Anatomy for Sheep and Pigs

2.4 Enzymes for Serine Biosynthesis, One-Carbon Metabolism, and Glutaminolysis Are Expressed in a Cell-Specific Manner

2.5 Summary

Chapter 3: Amino Acids in Beef Cattle Nutrition and Production

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Emerging Issues on the Utilization of Plasma Amino Acid Analysis in Nutrition Studies

3.3 Plasma Amino Acid Responses to Dietary Manipulations

3.4 Interlude

3.5 Small Intestine Amino Acid and Peptide Absorption and Metabolism

3.6 Metabolism of Amino Acids in Ruminants

3.7 Protein Synthesis Concepts in Ruminants

3.8 Standard Estimates of Amino Acid Requirements in Beef Cattle

References.

Chapter 4: Amino Acid Nutrition and Reproductive Performance in Ruminants

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Reproductive Efficiency in Beef Cattle

4.3 Overall AA Nutrition in Ruminants

4.4 Catabolism of AAs in the Rumen of Ruminants

4.5 Benefits of AA Supplementation to Gestating Ruminants

Chapter 5: Amino Acids in the Nutrition and Production of Sheep and Goats

5.1 Introduction

5.2 General Considerations in Amino Acid Nutrition

5.3 Reproduction

5.4 Growing Sheep and Goats

5.5 Wool (Fibre) Growth

5.6 Amino Acid Nutrition for GIT Health and Nematode Infection

5.7 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 6: Amino Acids in Swine Nutrition and Production

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Metabolism of the Arginine Family of AAs in Pigs

6.2.1 Glutamate

6.2.2 Glutamine

6.2.3 Arginine

6.2.4 Proline

6.3 Metabolism of Glycine (Gly) in Pigs

6.4 Metabolism of Leucine (Leu) and Tryptophan (Trp) in Pigs

6.5 Functions of AAs in Pigs

6.5.1 Regulation of Intestinal Development and Mucosal Barrier Function

6.5.2 Regulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity

6.5.3 Prevention of Viral Infection

6.6 Use of Amino Acids to Improve the Nutrition, Health, and Productivity of Pigs

6.6.1 Amino Acid Nutrition in Gestating Pigs

6.6.2 Amino Acid Nutrition in Lactating Pigs

6.6.3 Amino Acid Nutrition in Piglets

6.6.4 Amino Acid Nutrition in Growing-Finishing Pigs

6.6.5 Improved Arg and Gly Nutrition to Enhance the Survival and Growth of IUGR Pigs

6.6.6 Amino Acid Nutrition in Boars

6.7 Safety of Amino Acid Supplementation in Pigs

6.8 Economic Benefits of AA Supplementation to Swine Diets

Chapter 7: Amino Acid Nutrition and Metabolism in Chickens

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Digestion of Dietary Protein and Absorption of Its Hydrolysis Products in Chickens.

7.3 Amino Acid Syntheses in Chickens

7.4 Amino Acid Catabolism in Chickens

7.5 Inter-organ Metabolism of Glutamate and Glutamine in Chickens

7.6 Amino Acid Nutrition in Poultry

7.6.1 Growth Performance

7.6.2 Neurological Function and Feed Intake

7.6.3 Anti-oxidative and Anti-inflammatory Reactions

7.6.4 Revisit of the Ideal Protein Concept in Chicken Nutrition

7.6.5 Texas A&amp

M University´s Optimal Ratios of AAs for Chickens

7.7 Conclusion

Chapter 8: Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Fish

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Feed Processing to Enhance Protein Digestibility in the Gastrointestinal Tract

8.3 Digestion of Dietary Protein and the Absorption of Resulting Products

8.4 Protein Synthesis

8.5 Amino Acid Metabolism

8.5.1 Oxidation to CO2 and Ammonia

8.5.2 Gluconeogenesis and Lipogenesis

8.5.3 Derivatives of AAs

8.6 Functions of Dietary AAs in Fish

8.6.1 Survival, Growth and Muscle Development

8.6.2 Release of Hormones

8.6.3 Attractants

8.6.4 Immune Responses

8.6.5 Anti-oxidative Defenses

8.6.6 Lipid Digestion and Metabolism

8.6.7 Spawning and Larval Development

8.6.7.1 Other Functions of AAs

8.7 Conclusion and Perspectives

Chapter 9: Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Aquatic Crustaceans

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Protein Digestion and the Absorption of Small Peptides and Free AAs in Crustaceans

9.3 The Free AA pool in Crustacean Tissues

9.4 Protein Synthesis in Crustacean Tissues

9.5 Catabolism of Energy Substrates for ATP Production in Crustacean Tissues

9.6 Glucogenesis and Lipogenesis in Crustaceans

9.7 Syntheses of Bioactive Metabolites in Crustaceans

9.8 Functions of AAs in the Culture of Crustacean Species

9.8.1 Molt and Survival

9.8.2 Growth and skeletal muscle development.

9.8.3 Release of Hormones

9.8.4 Immune and Antioxidant Responses

9.8.5 Spawning and Larval Development in Crustaceans

9.9 Conclusion and Perspectives

Chapter 10: Amino Acids in Dog Nutrition and Health

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Overview of Amino Acids

10.3 Digestion of Dietary Protein and Amino Acids

10.4 Diet

10.4.1 Food Intake and Role of Dietary Factors

10.4.2 Amino Acid Composition and Availability

10.5 Role of Amino Acids

10.6 Deficiencies

10.7 Life Stages

10.8 Summary

Chapter 11: Amino Acids in the Nutrition, Metabolism, and Health of Domestic Cats

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Requirements of Protein and AAs for Growing and Adult Cats

11.3 Protein Deficiency in Cats

11.4 Glucogenic Amino Acids

11.4.1 Arginine

11.4.2 Threonine, Histidine and Valine

11.5 Ketogenic Amino Acids

11.6 Glucogenic and Ketogenic Amino Acids

11.6.1 Phenylalanine and Tyrosine

11.6.2 Tryptophan

11.7 Carnitine

11.8 Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids

11.8.1 Taurine

11.8.2 Production of Three Unique Sulfur-Containing AAs (Felinine, Isovalthine, and Isobuteine) by Domestic Cats

11.9 Summary

Chapter 12: Amino Acid Nutrition for Optimum Growth, Development, Reproduction, and Health of Zoo Animals

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Carnivores

12.3 Herbivores

12.4 Omnivores

12.5 Dietary Requirements of Captive Carnivores, Herbivores and Omnivores for AAs

12.6 Conclusion

Index.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

3-030-54462-1

OCLC:

1244536860