Life Cycle Assessment : A Metric for the Circular Economy / edited by Aiduan Borrion, Mairi J. Black, and Onesmus Mwabonje.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Borrion, Aiduan, editor.

Black, Mairi J., editor.

Mwabonje, Onesmus, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Product life cycle--Environmental aspects.

Product life cycle.

Environmental economics.

Environmental impact analysis.

Environmental impact statements.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (420 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

London, England : The Royal Society of Chemistry, [2021]

Summary:

This book provides a practical guide for those who wish to use life cycle assessment as a research tool or to inform policy, process, and product improvement.

Contents:

Intro

Title

Copyright

Foreword

Preface

Contents

Chapter 1 Theories and Tools for the Assessment of Environmental Impacts of Human Activities

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The Increasing Global Population, Potential Outcomes and Environmental Impacts

1.3 Development and Sustainability

1.4 What is Life Cycle Assessment

1.4.1 Early Development of Life Cycle Assessment

1.4.2 Life Cycle Assessment Environmental Impact Categories

1.5 Approaches to Understanding the Impacts of Human Activities

1.5.1 Earth's Carrying Capacity

1.5.2 Planetary Boundaries

1.5.3 Industrial Ecology and Cleaner Production

1.5.4 Circular Economy

1.6 Summary and Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment Case Studies

References

Chapter 2 The Circular Economy: Concept, Tools and Implementation

2.1 The Circular Economy as a Solution to Impacts of the Linear Economy

2.2 The Concept of the Circular Economy

2.3 A Circular Economy in Different Industrial Sectors

2.3.1 Industrial Transitions to a Circular Economy

2.3.2 The Construction Industry and the Circular Economy

2.3.3 Plastics and the Circular Economy

2.3.4 Textiles and the Circular Economy

2.4 Supporting the Transition to a Circular Economy: Assessment of Material Flows and Impacts

2.5 New Business Models for Value Creation in the Circular Economy

2.6 Policy Support for the Circular Economy

2.7 Drivers and Challenges for the Transition to a Circular Economy

Chapter 3 Life Cycle Assessment as a Metric for Circular Economy

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Frameworks Implementing Circular Economy Using LCA

3.3 Circular Economy Metrics and Indicators Using LCA

3.4 Life Cycle Assessment Methodology

Step 1: Definition of Goal and Scope

Step 2: Life Cycle Inventory Analysis

Step 3: Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA).

Step 4: Life Cycle Interpretation

3.5 Life Cycle Assessment Standards and Guidelines

3.5.1 Carbon Footprint of Products

3.5.2 Environmental Labeling

3.5.3 Country Specific Guidance

3.5.4 Sector-specific Guidance

3.5.5 Organization Level

3.5.6 Water Footprint

3.5.7 Environmental Life Cycle Costing

3.5.8 Social Life Cycle Assessment

3.5.9 Integration of Environmental, Economic and Social: Sustainability Assessments

3.6 Benefits and Challenges of Using LCA in CE

3.7 Summary

Chapter 4 Case Study - Construction Material (Steel)

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The Main Features of Construction in the Light of LCA Methodology

4.3 The Physics of Construction Relevant to LCA Issues

4.4 LCA of a Building: A Case Study

4.5 Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs)

4.6 Green Building Rating System

4.7 Perspective on Construction and LCA Related to the Energy and Ecological Transitions

4.8 Social Value of Construction

4.9 Conclusions

Chapter 5 Case Study - Construction Materials (Cement, Aggregates and Concrete Products)

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Life Cycle Assessment

5.2.1 Framework

5.2.2 Methodology

5.3 Circular Economy: Concept and Approach

5.4 Case Studies of Production of Construction Materials in Hong Kong

5.4.1 LCA of Cement Production

5.4.2 LCA of Aggregate Production

5.4.3 LCA of Concrete Products Production

5.4.4 LCA of Concrete Production

5.5 Conclusions and Future Outlooks

Acknowledgements

Chapter 6 Assessing the Environmental Benefits of Using Glass Powder as a Supplementary Cementitious Material in a Context of Open-loop Recycling

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Materials and Method

6.2.1 Goal and Scope Definition

6.2.2 Life Cycle Inventory

6.2.3 Life Cycle Impact Method

6.2.4 Interpretation.

6.3 Results and Discussion

6.3.1 Comparative LCA Results

6.3.2 Interpretation

6.3.3 Discussion

6.4 Conclusion

Chapter 7 Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Polymer Packaging

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Sustainable Polymers from Renewable Resources

7.1.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

7.1.3 LCAs of Sustainable Polymers

7.2 Case Study 1 - Starch-based Bio-composites

7.2.1 LCA Methodology

7.2.2 Inventory Analyses

7.2.3 'Cradle-to-factory-gate' LCIA for Starch-based Composites

7.2.4 Discussion

7.3 Case Study 2 - Energy Profiling of Starch-glucose Biosynthesis Polymers

7.3.1 LCA Methodology

7.3.2 Experimental Methods

7.3.3 Life Cycle Inventory Analysis

7.3.4 Life Cycle Impact Assessment

7.4 Remarks on Sustainable Biopolymers

Chapter 8 Case Study: Textiles

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Fast Fashion, Textile Wastes and Recycling

8.3 Environmental Impacts of Fibres

8.3.1 Environmental Impacts of Natural Fibres

8.3.2 Cotton

8.3.3 Other Natural Fibres: Wool

8.3.4 Environmental Impacts of Man-made Fibres

8.4 Environmental Impacts of Textile Processes

8.4.1 Environmental Impacts of Yarn-spinning Processes

8.4.2 Environmental Impacts of Weaving

8.4.3 Environmental Impacts of Knitting

8.4.4 Environmental Impacts of Nonwoven Production

8.4.5 Environmental Impacts of Wet Processes

8.5 Eco-design

8.6 Environmental Certification

8.7 Life Cycle Assessment in Textile Production

8.7.1 LCA Studies in Fibre Production

8.7.2 LCA Studies in Textile Processes

8.7.3 LCA Studies in Use Phase, Wastes and Recycling - Some Examples

8.7.4 Case Study - Polyethyelene Terephthalate (PET)

8.8 The Textile Industry and the Circular Economy - Discussion

References.

Chapter 9 Refining Made Circular: The Potential for Substituting Biogenic for Fossil Carbon

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Methodology

9.2.1 Inputs

9.2.2 Outputs

9.3 Results and Discussion

9.3.1 Biomass Inputs

9.3.2 Fuel and Chemical Outputs

9.4 Conclusion

Chapter 10 Case Study - Packaging

10.1 Introduction

10.1.1 Packaging: Evil or Necessary Good?

10.1.2 Packaging in the Circular Economy from a Policy Perspective

10.1.3 Overview of CE Strategies Relevant for Packaging

10.2 Life Cycle Assessment of Packaging

10.2.1 Focus at the Product Level

10.2.2 Organizational Life Cycle Assessment in the Packaging Sector

10.3 Methodological Challenges for LCA of Packaging in the CE

10.3.1 Functional Unit Definition

10.3.2 System Boundaries Definition

10.3.3 End-of-life Modelling

10.3.4 Modelling of Reuse

10.3.5 Impact Assessment and Footprinting

10.4 Implications for the Packaging Sector and its use of LCA Towards CE

10.4.1 Trends and Challenges for CE Implementation in the Packaging Sector

10.4.2 The Role of Design and Business Models

10.4.3 The Role of Food-packaging Systems and Consumer Perceptions

10.4.4 Food Safety as a Constraint for CE Development in the Packaging Sector

10.5 Conclusions

Chapter 11 Case Study: Agricultural Crop Production

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Agricultural Systems - Linear vs. Circular

11.3 Methodology to Compare Linear and Circular Agricultural Systems

11.4 Examples of Crop System ACWB Valorisation

11.4.1 Crop Production (Numerous)Residue (Examples)Animal Feed (Business-as-usual)

11.4.2 Crop Production (Rice)ResidueCompostingCrop Production

11.4.3 Crop Production (Olives)ResiduePyrolysisCrop Production (+Energy)

11.4.4 Crop Production (Potato)ResidueBiocomposite.

11.4.5 Crop Production (Tomato)ResidueBiosolarizationCrop Production

11.5 Discussion and Conclusions

11.5.1 Design Out Waste and Pollution

11.5.2 Keep Products and Materials in Use for as Long as Possible

11.5.3 Restorative and Regenerative Practices for Natural Systems

Chapter 12 Livestock Production

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Fundamental Dynamics of Livestock Production

12.2.1 Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)

12.2.2 Intensification of Animals

12.2.3 Animal Density

12.2.4 System Boundaries of Livestock Production

12.3 Case Study on Sustainable Beef Production in Brazil

12.4 Case Study on Carbon Cycles in Kenya's Pasturelands

12.4.1 Pathways of Carbon (C) Losses in the Pasturelands of Kenya

12.4.2 Direct Carbon Emissions from Livestock

12.4.3 Carbon Emissions from Processing Livestock Products: Reflections on the Dairy Sector

12.5 Case Study on Global Livestock Production: a Whole-system Approach

12.5.1 The Global Calculator's Simulations on Livestock and Dietary Changes by 2050

12.6 Conclusions

Chapter 13 Case Study - Bioenergy Life-cycle Analysis and Implications on Bioenergy-driven Circular Economy

13.1 Background

13.1.1 Case Study 1: Corn Ethanol

13.1.2 Case Study 2: Sugarcane Ethanol

13.1.3 Case Study 3: Corn Stover Ethanol

13.1.4 Case Study 4: Soybean Biodiesel

13.1.5 Case Study 5: Algae Renewable Diesel

13.2 Discussion and Conclusion

Chapter 14 Resource Impacts of Fully Renewable Energy Systems: The Case of Metals

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Materials and Methods

14.2.1 Energy Scenarios

14.2.2 Renewable Energy Technology Scenarios

14.2.3 Metal Inventories

14.2.4 Resource Impacts

14.3 Results

14.3.1 Resource Impacts of Renewable Energy Scenarios.

14.3.2 Disaggregated Impact Scores.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9781788016209

1788016203

9781523141494

1523141492

9781839161360

1839161361

OCLC:

1243560819