Stability of microstructure in metallic systems / J.W. Martin, R.D. Doherty.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Martin, J. W. (John Wilson), 1926-

Contributor:

Doherty, R. D. (Roger Davidge), 1939-

Series:

Cambridge solid state science series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Physical metallurgy.

Stability.

Metal crystals--Defects.

Metal crystals.

Physical Description:

x, 298 pages : illustrations ; 22 cm.

Place of Publication:

Cambridge [England] ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1976.

Contents:

THE GENERAL PROBLEM OF THE STABILITY OF MICROSTRUCTURE: Driving forces for microstructural change - reduction of free energy

Mechanisms of microstructural changes - interface control and diffusion control

Quantitative microscopy

STRUCTURAL INSTABILITY DUE TO CHEMICAL FREE ENERGY: Instability due to non-uniform solute distribution

Thermodynamics of diffusion

The origin of non-uniform solutions-coring or interdendritic segregation

Homogenisation of segregation in cast alloys

Qeformation of segregated alloys and its effect on homogenisation

Banding in rolled steels

Nucleation of precipitates from supersaturated solid solution

Spinodal decomposition

Homogeneous nucleation

Heterogeneous nucleation

The formation of transition phases

Trace element effects

Growth of precipitates from supersaturated solid solution

Diffusion-controlled growth

Growth kinetics of grain boundary phases

Growth kinetics of Widmanstatten plates

Formation of misfit dislocations at interphase boundaries

Second phase dissolution

Diffusion-limited dissolution

Interface reaction kinetics

Precipitate arrays

Application of the theory

Extreme chemical instability

Alternative methods of achieving chemically metastable structures

Implications for alloy theory of metastable alloys

Transformations of metastable structures

Highly metastable alloys in a useful form

INSTABILITY DUE TO STRAIN ENERGY: The stored energy of cold work

Changes in thermodynamic functions resulting from deformation

Measurement of the stored energy of cold work

Mechanisms for the storage of energy

Variables affecting the stored energy

Recovery

The kinetics of recovery

Mechanisms of recovery

Recrystallisation

Kinetics of recrystallisation

Nucleation of recrystallisation

Growth of new grains in recrystallisation

The recrystallisation of two-phase alloys

MICROSTRUCTURAL INSTABILITY DUE TO INTERFACES: Surface energy and surface tension (a)

Origin of surface free energy

The anisotropy of surface free energy - the a-plot and the Gibbs-Wulff theorem

Faceting

Precipitate coarsening: 'Ostwald ripening'

Interfacial free energy

The mechanism and kinetics of Ostwald ripening

Lattice diffusion-the rate-controlling process

Interface kinetics: atom transfer across the interface the rate-controlling step

Ripening of precipitates on grain boundaries

Ripening of precipitates on low-angle (dislocation) boundaries

Effect of volume fraction on coarsening rates

Experimental investigations of precipitate coarsening

Kinetic laws of particle coarsening: diffusion-or interface controlled kinetics

Coarsening kinetics suggesting substructure enhanced diffusion

Coarsening of Ni3X precipitates in binary nickel alloys

Particle distribution and the volume fraction effect

Some application of the coarsening theory

Systems that resist coarsening

General conclusions on particle coarsening

Stability of lamellar or fibrous microstructures

Rod or fibrous eutectics

Lamellar eutectics

Experimental observations of coarsening of fibrous eutectic microstructures

Coarsening of lamellar eutectics

Effect of stress on the stability of eutectic microstructures

Discontinuous coarsening of polycrystalline lamellar structures

Microstructural change due to grain boundary energies

Normal grain growth

Experimental results

Influence of dispersed second phase on grain growth

Abnormal grain growth

Dragging of solid particles by moving grain boundaries

Dendrite arm coarsening

OTHER CAUSES OF MICROSTRUCTURAL INSTABILITY: Migration of second phase inclusions in a temperature gradient

Migration of liquid inclusions

Interaction of migrating inclusions with grain boundaries

Shape stability of migrating liquid inclusions

Migration of gas bubbles

Migration of two-phase (liquid and vapor) inclusions

Migration of solid phases

The Soret effect: thermal migration of atoms in a temperature gradient

Migration in a gravitational (accelerational) field

Migration in an electric field - electromigration

Migration of grain boundaries under the influence of an electric field

Effect of magnetic fields on metallic microstructure

Effect of magnetic fields on the orientation of microstructural features

Phase transformations in a magnetic field

Deformation

Effect of plastic deformation and fatigue loading on metastable precipitates

Stress annealing

Changes in precipitate distribution during diffusion creep

Precipitate stability under irradiation.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 280-293) and index.

ISBN:

0521208750

9780521208758

OCLC:

2401398