Forbidden citizens : Chinese exclusion and the U.S. Congress : a legislative history / by Martin B. Gold.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Gold, Martin, 1947- author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Chinese--United States--History.

Chinese.

Chinese--Legal status, laws, etc--United States--Legislative history.

Emigration and immigration law--United States--Legislative history.

Emigration and immigration law.

Chinese--Legal status, laws, etc.

History.

United States.

Genre:

History.

Physical Description:

xxxix, 572 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm

Place of Publication:

Alexandria, VA : TheCapital.Net, 2012.

Summary:

"Described as 'one of the most vulgar forms of barbarism,' by Rep. John Kasson (R-IA) in 1882, a series of laws passed by the United States Congress between 1879 and 1943 resulted in prohibiting the Chinese as a people from becoming U.S. citizens. Forbidden citizens recounts this long and shameful legislative history."--Page 4 of cover.

Contents:

1. A question of naturalization. Overview

The Senate debate : background

House Committee of the whole

Senate Committee of the whole

Senate debate, July 2, 1870 : "a requirement disgraceful to this country"

Chinese forbidden from holding mining claims

Presiding over the Senate/House

Senate debate, July 4, 1870 : they do not value the privileges of citizenship

Senator Sumner and race discrimination

The first Chinese student to graduate from an American university, Yung Wing

Original Oregon Constitution barred Chinese owning real estate and mining claims

2. The Fifteen Passenger Bill of 1879. Overview

House debate, January 18, 1879 : "the most debased people"

Denis Kearney and the Sandlot Orators

Early China-U.S. diplomacy

The Page Act

Absenteeism and pairs in House and Senate votes

Senate proceedings on the Fifteen Passenger Bill

Senate debate, February 12, 1879 : "consideration begins"

Senate debate, February 13, 1879 : "an indigestible element"

Senate debate, February 14, 1879 : "wholly unfit to become citizens"

Confucian traditions and family relationships

Chinese oath swearing

Senate debate, February 15, 1879 : "the brightest act of my life"

James G. Blaine and the argument for exclusion

The Nineteenth-Century Senate versus the modern Senate

Chinese population in the United States, 1860-1940

The next step : the House concurs in the Senate Amendments

A presidential veto : Rutherford B. Hayes

The House attempts a veto override

3. The twenty-year exclusion debate in the Senate. Overview

Proceedings in the Senate

Substitute Amendment to a bill

Senate debate, February 28, 1882 : "a confession of American imbecility"

The politics of the 1880 Democratic Party and Republican Party platforms

Senate debate, March 1, 1882 : "to shame, to weakness, and to peril"

China-U.S. diplomacy II

The Know-Nothing Movement

Senate debate, March 2, 1882 : "swarm upon us like locusts"

Chinese and the Transcontinental Railway

Senate debate, March 3, 1882 : "dregs of the countless hordes of China"

Senate debate, March 6, 1882 : "will not assimilate"

Senate debate, March 7, 1882 : "an irrepressible conflict between them"

Senate debate, March 8, 1882 : "a storm of condemnation"

Senate debate, March 9, 1882 : "fifty million sovereigns can be despotic"

4. The twenty-year exclusion debate in the House of Representatives. Overview

House debate, March 14, 1882 : "plant a cancer in your own country"

House debate, March 15, 1882 : "no more regard for his oath"

House debate, March 16, 1882 : "the repulsive specter of Asiatic squalor"

House debate, March 18, 1882 : "this exhaustless stream of yellow plague"

House debate, March 21, 1881 : "the assimilation of oil and water"

House debate, March 22, 1882 : "who would have them for voters?"

Role of the Bill Manager in the House of Representatives

House debate, March 23, 1882 : "the most hideous immoralities"

A presidential veto : Chester Arthur : "a breach of our national faith"

Senate veto override debate, April 5, 1882 : "will not disgrace our statute books"

The role of precedent in Congress

5. The ten-year exclusion legislation of 1882. Overview

House debate, April 17, 1882 : "a pack of hounds to hunt down any race"

Senate debate, April 25, 1882 : "a subject of deep respect and repentance"

James A. Garfield and race

Abolition and the timing of Chinese immigration

Senate debate, April 26, 1882 : "beyond the realm of political agitation"

Senate debate, April 27, 1882 : "a most degraded corruption"

House Session of May 3, 1882 ; the House concurs in the Senate amendments

Enrollment and presidential approval

6. The amendments of 1884. Overview

House debate, May 3, 1894 (H.R. 1798) : "this is a white man's government"

Senate debate, July 3, 1884 : "will repent in sackcloth and ashes"

7. The Scott Act of 1888. Overview

Senate debate, January 112, 1888 : "polluted with the curse of human slavery"

Litigation as a means of resistance to the Chinese Exclusion Act

Senate debate, March 1, 1888 : "the world was created wrong"

President Cleveland responds

The senate consents to the Bayard-Zhang Treaty

The Senate considers legislation to implement the Bayard-Zhang Treaty (S. 3304)

House proceedings on the implementation bill (S. 3304) : "the hideous Mongolian incubus"

Senate concurs in the House Amendment, and China's reaction : "a response of outrage"

The Scott Act (H.R. 11336)

House debate, September 3, 1888 : "the truth is a merchantable commodity"

Senate debate, September 3, 1888 : "deport every single one of them"

Senate debate, September 4, 1888 : "an inferior race"

Senate debate, September 5, 1888 : "homogeneity in races"

Senate debate, September 6, 1888 : "a cruelty and an outrage"

Senate debate, September 7, 1888 : "stop this ulcer"

Senate debate, September 10, 1888 : "China is our great friend"

Senate debate, September 11, 1888 : "the evil will go on increasing"

Senate debate, September 13, 1888 : "that seething, roaring, blood-curdling curse"

Senate debate, September 14, 1888 : no quorum means stalemate

Senate debate, September 17, 1888 : passage

House debate, September 20, 1888 : "a demagogical way to make some capital"

President Cleveland signs the Scott Act, October 1, 1888

A political note

8. The Geary Act of 1892. Overview

House debate, April 4, 1892 : "an absolute abrogation"

Senate debate, April 13, 1892 : "time was of the essence"

Senate debate, April 21, 1892 : "goes far beyond any bill"

Senate debate, April 22. 1892 : "a harsh proceeding"

Senate debate, April 23, 1892 : "a very shrewd people"

Senate debate, April 25, 1892 : "intense feeling of antagonism"

Bicameral agreement : conference report : "one credible white witness"

Senate debate, May 3, 1892 : "he does not stand like an ordinary person"

House debate, May 4, 1892 : "the old slavery days returned"

Chinese registration under the Geary Act

Chinese food in America

Mexico, Canada, and the Chinese

9. The 1902 extension. Overview

Senate debate, April 4, 1902 : "one of the great policies of our country"

Senate debate, April 5, 1902 : "amplest assurance of American friendship"

Boxer Rebellion (1900)

Senate debate, April 7. 1902 : "obnoxious social conditions"

Senate debate, April 8, 1902 : "they came like locusts"

The panic of 1873

The Qing dynasty under siege

Politics and immigration enforcement : The Bureau of Immigration

Senate debate, April 9, 1902 : "narrow, bigoted, intolerant, and indefensible"

Senate debate, April 10, 1902 : "the Chinese must be kept out"

Senate debate, April 12, 1902 : "mere question of legislative detail"

Senate debate, April 14, 1902 : parsing words

Imperialism and the Open Door Policy

Senate debate, April 15, 1902 : "ruthlessly disregards treaty rights"

Senate debate, April 16, 1902 : "if I stand alone"

House debate, April 4, 1902 : "largely a Pacific question"

House debate, April 5, 1902 : "to a rouse this sleeping five-toed dragon"

House debate, April 7, 1902 : "clearly unconstitutional"

Resolving differences between the Senate and the House : the Senate debate of April 17, 1902

Resolving differences between the Senate and the House : further proceedings on H.R. 13031, as amended

10. Permanent law, 1904. Overview

Senate debate, April 8, 1904 : S. 5344 : separating laws and treaties

Senate debate, April 22, 1904 : H.R. 15054 : "there would have been great trouble"

Reaction from China to the 1904 legislation

In the year of permanent exclusion : the detention of Soong Ailing

11. Repeal. Overview

The last emperor, China, Japan, and WWII

The House Committee Report, October 11, 1943, and H.R. 3070

The structure of the National Origins Quota System

The War Brides Act of 1945

H.R. 3070 and House debate, October 20, 1943 : "important in the cause off winning the war"

Madame Chiang Kaishek speaks to the Senate and to the House, February 18, 1943

Extraterritoriality and other concessions

The Europe-first strategy

Citizens Committee to Repeal Chinese Exclusion

H.R. 3070 and House debate, October 21, 1943 : "face is not just oriental"

Motion to recommit in the House

H.R. 3070 to the Senate

Senate committee consideration

Senate debate, November 26, 1943 : "the white man feared the onrush of the yellow man"

Bill enrollment and presidential signature

Epilogue

Appendices. 1. Review and Discussion Questions

2. Burlingame Treaty

3. Naturalization Act of 1870 (16 Stat. 254)

4. Fifteen Passenger Bill (1879) and veto message of President Rutherford Hayes of the Fifteen Passenger Bill

5. Angell Treaty 1880

6. Veto message of President Chester A. Arthur of Senate Bill No. 71, April 4, 1882

7. The Ten-Year Exclusion Legislation of 1882, H.R. 5804

8. Gresham-Yang Treaty (1894)

9. The 1902 Extension

10. Permanent Law 1904

11. Magnuson Act (Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943)

12. American immigration laws timeline.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 530-533) and index.

ISBN:

9781587332357

1587332353

9781587332579

1587332574

OCLC:

785081707