Revitalizing endangered languages : a practical guide / edited by Justyna Olko, Julia Sallabank.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Olko, Justyna, editor.

Sallabank, Julia, editor.

Series:

Humanities

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Language revival.

Endangered languages--Case studies.

Endangered languages.

Language revival--Case studies.

Language policy.

Language maintenance.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xvii, 331 pages) : digital, PDF file(s).

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2021.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Of the approximately 7,000 languages in the world, at least half may no longer be spoken by the end of the twenty-first century. Languages are endangered by a number of factors, including globalization, education policies, and the political, economic and cultural marginalization of minority groups. This guidebook provides ideas and strategies, as well as some background, to help with the effective revitalization of endangered languages. It covers a broad scope of themes including effective planning, benefits, wellbeing, economic aspects, attitudes and ideologies. The chapter authors have hands-on experience of language revitalization in many countries around the world, and each chapter includes a wealth of examples, such as case studies from specific languages and language areas. Clearly and accessibly written, it is suitable for non-specialists as well as academic researchers and students interested in language revitalization. This book is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Contents:

Cover

Half-title

Title page

Copyright information

Contents

List of Figures

List of Contributors

Acknowledgments

Welcome!

Who This Book Is For

What This Book Does

What This Book Is Like

Where We're Coming From

A Note on Terminology

The Need for Reflection

Part I Planning to Revitalize

1 Why Revitalize?

Introduction

Conclusion

Further Reading and Resources

1.1 Endangered Languages and Well-being

1.2 Benefits for Communities: The Case of the Black Tai Community in Thailand

1.3 Language Revitalization Benefits in Wilamowice

1.4 Reading Ancestral Texts in the Heritage Language

2 What Do We Revitalise?

Contexts of Use

Variation and Standardisation

What Is It For?

Who Is It For?

Language Change

Purism

New Words for New Uses

Not Just About Language

Language, Culture, and Identity

Further Reading

2.1 Wymysiöeryś

2.2 Language Purism in Nahua Communities

3 Ethical Aspects and Cultural Sensitivity in Language Revitalization

Basic Questions

A Decision-Making Process and Dealing with Dilemmas

Coming from Outside and Dealing with Internal Parties

Establishing Collaboration

Facing the Past and Dealing with Political Tensions

Ownership, Consent, and Other Legal Issues

3.1 Being a Helper: A Few Ethical Considerations for Conducting Research with Indigenous Communities

4 Planning a Language Revitalization Project

4.1 Doing Things with Little Money

5 Getting Funding and Support

Identifying Sources of Funding

Writing a Good Proposal

Is This a Good Project?

What Is the Applicant's Relationship to the Project and the Community?

Does the Budget Look Right?

Further Reading.

5.1 Attitudes of NGOs in Guatemala toward the Inclusion of Indigenous Languages in the Workplace

Part II Practical Issues

6 Types of Communities and Speakers in Language Revitalization

'Original' or Ancestral Communities with Different Forms of Language Transmission

Exiled, Dispersed, or Resettled Communities

Diaspora and Migrant Communities

Communities of Practice and Learning

Speakers of Heritage Languages

Conclusions

6.1 The Community of Wymysoü

6.2 What Is Community? Perspectives from the Mixtec Diaspora in California

6.3 An Introspective Analysis of One Year of Revitalization Activities: The Greko Community of Practice

7 Attitudes and Ideologies in Language Revitalisation

Language Ideologies

Differences between Ideologies and Attitudes

Common Language Ideologies in Minority Settings

Language Attitudes

Negative Attitudes Resulting in Negative Language Practices

Positive Language Practices in the Face of Negative Attitudes

Negative Language Practices despite the Existence of Positive Attitudes

Positive Language Attitudes and Positive Language Practices

Positive Attitudes towards Multilingualism

7.1 Language Ideologies in an Endangered Language Context: A Case Study from Zadar Arbanasi in Croatia

7.2 Attitudes towards Guernesiais

7.3 What's the Point of Manx?

7.4 Emotions and Relationships in Language Revitalisation and Maintenance

7.5 Nahuatl Language Ideologies and Attitudes

8 Some Considerations about Empowerment and Attitudes in Language Revitalization

A Little about the Case of El Salvador

Auschwitz, Nawat, and a Solution

Attitude as a Basic Resource

Help from the Outside to Help Inside

Some Ways of Changing Attitudes

8.1 Empowerment and Motivation in the Revitalization of Wymysiöeryś

8.2 Language Activism

8.3 'I'm Revitalizing Myself!'

8.4 'It's Good for Your Heart': Three Motivational Steps for Language Revitalization

8.5 Monolingual Space

9 Economic Benefits: Marketing and Commercializing Language Revitalization

Use of Traditional Knowledge for Subsistence and Environmental Strategies

Linguistic, Cultural, and Educational Tourism

Marketing and Promoting Language Revitalization

10 Local Power Relationships, Community Dynamics, and Stakeholders

Understanding Power and Community Dynamics

Identifying and Respecting All Stakeholders

10.1 Power Relationships and Stakeholders: How to Orient Yourself in Complex Situations

11 Dealing with Institutions and Policy Makers

11.1 Language Revitalization and Academic Institutions: Refocusing Linguistic Field Methods Courses

12 Making Links: Learning from the Experience of Others in Language Revitalisation

Advantages to Cooperating with Other EL Communities

What Are Cooperation and Communication?

Direct Contact between EL Communities

One-to-One Contact, NGO-to-NGO Contact, Ministry-to-Ministry Contact

Long-Lasting, Tangible Outputs from Cooperation: Language Materials, Films, Legal Documents

Regional, National or International Cooperation: Who to Cooperate With?

Cooperating and Communicating Online

What Leads to Effective Cooperation and Communication

Finding People Who Are Interested in Language Revitalisation in the Other Community and Establishing a Productive Relationship

The Historical Relationship between the EL Communities

A Shared Language

Success in Language Revitalisation

Degree of Language Endangerment/Revitalisation

Other Shared Projects and Interests

Other Cultural Factors.

Resources Available

Globalisation and 'Connectedness'

Final Thoughts

12.1 Networking and Collaboration between Speakers

12.2 The Engaged Humanities Project and Networking for Language Revitalisation

Part III Tools and Materials

13 Language Documentation and Language Revitalization

What Is Language Documentation?

The Relationship between Documentation and Revitalization

Working with Legacy Materials

Working with Archives

Documentation for Revitalization

Documentation of Revitalization

13.1 Technical Questions in Language Documentation

13.2 MILPA (Mexican Indigenous Language Promotion and Advocacy): A Community-Centered Linguistic Collaboration Supporting Indigenous Mexican Languages in California

13.3 Developing Innovative Models for Fieldwork and Linguistic Documentation: ENGHUM Experience in Hałcnów, Poland

14 Writing Our Language

Purposes and Uses of Writing

Designing Community Orthographies

Ownership and Management of Orthographies

Summary

14.1 Orthographies and Ideologies

14.2 Writing Your Language: The Case of Wymysiöeryś

14.3 Indigenous Research, Methodology and Writing

15 Teaching Strategies for Language Revitalization and Maintenance

From Second Language Acquisition Theory to Indigenous Language Revitalization Teaching Practices

Second Language Acquisition Research

Language Teaching and Learning Methods Overview

Some Methods

Be Informed, Be Empowered

Case Studies

Some Concluding Words

15.1 Ka Hoʻōla ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi I O Nā Kula: Hawaiian Language Revitalization through Schooling

15.2 Kristang Language Revitalization in Singapore under the Kodrah Kristang Initiative, 2016-Present.

15.3 Teaching and Learning of Wymysiöeryś

15.4 Immersive Łemko Ethnophilology

15.5 Culture Place-Based Language Basketry Curriculum at the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community

15.6 Sámi School Education and Cultural Environmentally Based Curriculum

15.7 'Use It, Don't Lose It'

15.8 We Stand Strong in Our Knowledge: Learning Anishinaabemowin One Word Bundle at a Time

16 Art, Music and Cultural Activities

Literature in Minoritised Languages

Minoritised Sounds in Emerging New Languages

Embodying Language: Cinema, Video and TV

The Art of Revitalising Languages

Interesting Links and Examples

16.1 Art, Music and Cultural Activities in the Revitalisation of Wymysiöeryś

16.2 Fest-noz and Revitalisation of the Breton Language

16.3 Modern Music Genres for Language Revitalisation

16.4 The Jersey Song Project

16.5 One Song, Many Voices: Revitalising Ainu through Music

Suggested Listening

Examples

16.6 The Language Revitalization, Maintenance and Development Project

Some materials produced by the PRMDLC

17 Technology in Language Revitalization

A Principled Approach

Principles, Not Tools

A Necessary Skill Set

Knowledge of Various Essential Tools

Integrating Technology into Teaching

Assessment

Evaluating Potential Technology

Free and Open Source Tools

Iterative Process of Incorporating Technology

Safety, Privacy, and Ownership

Domains of Technology Use

Technology within the Classroom

Technology outside the Classroom

Listening and Speaking

Reading, Writing, and Vocabulary

Considerations for Language Revitalization Contexts

The Low Tech Environment

Creating Materials

Documenting with an Eye toward Everyday Language

Including Learners in the Process of Materials Creation.

A Healthy Skepticism toward Technology.

Notes:

Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 27 Apr 2021).

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode

ISBN:

9781108624435

110862443X

9781108641142

1108641148

OCLC:

1251808681

Access Restriction:

Unrestricted online access