On gangs / Scott H. Decker, David C. Pyrooz, and James A. Densley.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Decker, Scott H., author.

Pyrooz, David, author.

Densley, James A. (James Andrew), 1982- author.

Contributor:

ProQuest ebook central.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Gangs.

Physical Description:

1 online resource : illustrations

Place of Publication:

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : Temple University Press, 2022.

System Details:

text file

Contents:

Introduction

The Origins of On Gangs

The Structure of On Gangs

Acknowledgments

Part I: Core Issues

Chapter 1: Defining Gangs, Gang Members, and Gang Crime

Defining a Gang

Defining a Gang Member

Defining a Gang Crime

Counting Gangs, Gang Members, and Gang Crimes

History and Trends in Gangs and Gang Behaviors

Correlates of Gang Involvement

Demographics

Social Ecology and Socioeconomic Status

Conclusion

Chapter 2: Structure, Culture, and Gangs in Communities

The Unequal Distribution of Gang Activity: A Tale of Two Communities

Emergence and Persistence of Gangs in Communities: An Organizing Framework

Social Disorganization Theory

Underclass Theory

Anomie Theory

Subcultural Theory

Empirical Research on Gangs in Communities

Chapter 3: Gang Structure and Organization

The Organizational Structure of Gangs

The Features and Characteristics of Gangs

Gang Leaders

Gang Rules

Gang Roles

Gang Meetings

Gang Money

Comparing Gangs to Other Criminal Groups

Gangs and Terrorist Groups

Gangs and Organized Crime Groups

Gangs and Drug Smugglers

Gangs and Governance

Chapter 4: Joining the Gang

A Life-Course Perspective on Gang Membership

Gang Embeddedness

Why do Some People End Up in Gangs When Others Do Not?

Criminal Propensity Theory

Social Bond Theory

General Strain Theory

Social Learning Theory

Gang Membership Trait Theory

Gang Membership Integrated Theories

Signaling Theory

Risk Factors and Empirical Support for Micro-Level Theories

Why Do Youth Join Gangs?

How Do Youth Join Gangs?

Chapter 5: Continuity and Change in Gang Membership

Defining Persistence and Disengagement

Continuity in Gang Membership

Duration of Gang Membership

Sources of Continuity in Gang Membership

Disengagement from Gangs

Conceptual Framework

Why Do People Leave Gangs?

How do People Leave Gangs?

Chapter 6: Gangs, Crime, and Violence

Overrepresentation of Gang Members as Offenders and Victims

Drug Use

Drug Dealing

Gun Ownership and Carrying

Victimization

Theoretical Models of Gang Membership, Crime, and Victimization

Thornberry et al.'s Selection, Facilitation, and Enhancement Models

State of the Evidence on Theoretical Models

Controversy over Findings on Victimization

Group Process and the Enhancement Effect

Opportunity Structures

Normative Influence

Status Concerns

Collective Behavior

Gangs, Networks, and The Cycle of Violence

Part II: Emerging and Critical Issues

Chapter 7: Women, Gender, and Gangs

The Scope of Female Gang Involvement

Perspectives on Females and Gangs: Liberated, Exploited, or Marginalized?

The Marginalization Hypothesis: Frederic Thrasher and Female Invisibility

The Liberation Hypothesis: Anne Campbell and Female Autonomy

The Social Injury Hypothesis: Joan Moore and Female Exploitation

Where do The Molls Stand?

Girls in the Gang

Pathways into Gang Membership

Life in the Gang

Leaving the Gang

Masculinities, Gender, and Gangs

Chapter 8: Race, Ethnicity, and Gangs

The Racialized Construction of Criminal Gangs

The Prevalence of Gang Membership by Race and Ethnicity

Racial and Ethnic Homophily in Gangs

Immigration and Gang Formation

Racism and Gang Formation

(Sub)Culture, Migration, Appropriation, and Gangs

Chapter 9: Gangs Around the World

Gangs in Europe (and Beyond)

Gangs in The United Kingdom

Gangs in Canada

Gangs in Latin America and the Caribbean

Gangs in Africa, Asia, and Oceania

Chapter 10: Gangs and Social Institutions

Gangs and the Family

Gangs in Schools

Gangs and the Labor Market

Gangs and Politics

Gangs and Religion

Gangs, Media, and Technology

Is the Gang a Social Institution?

Has the Gang Become a Family?

Do Gangs "Run" Public Schools?

Do Gangs Replace Conventional Employment?

Part III: Responding to Gangs

Chapter 11: Policing Gangs

The Police Role in Gang Prevention

The Police Role in Gang Suppression

Policing Gangs Beyond Suppression

Police Gang Units

Police Gang Databases

Chapter 12: Gangs and Gang Members in Prison

Defining and Measuring Gangs and Gang Membership in Prison

The Contested Emergence and Proliferation of Gangs in Prison

Theories of Prison Gang Emergence

The Characteristics of Prison Gangs

Transitions in Prison Gang Membership

Joining Gangs in Prison

Avoiding Gangs in Prison

Leaving Gangs in Prison

Offending and Victimization in Prison

Responding to Prison Gangs

Gang Members, Reentry, and Recidivism

Chapter 13: Anti-Gang Legislation and Legal Responses

The Purpose of Anti-Gang Legislation

Targeted Gang Legislation

Defining Gang Activity

Shared Gang Databases

Gang Sentencing Enhancements

Gang Participation and Recruitment

Repurposed Gang Legislation

Criminal Enterprise Laws

Public Nuisance Laws

Auxiliary Gang Legislation: The 1994 Crime Bill

Gangs and the Courtroom

Chapter 14: What Works, What Doesn't, and How do we Know?

What Works and Best Practices in Gang Intervention

Gang Response Strategies

Community Organization

Social Intervention

Opportunities Provision

Suppression

Organizational Development and Change

Prevention

The Legacy of Irving Spergel and the Comprehensive Gang Strategy

Hybrid Programs

Assessing the Gang Intervention Findings

Assessing a "Promising Practice": A Case of Implementation Failure

Continuing Issues in Responding to Gangs

Delinquency Programs or Gang Programs?

Denial

The Role of Gang Members in Responding to Gang Crime Problems

Variation and Change in Gang Crime Problems

Connecting Practice to Theory

Conclusion.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI Available via World Wide Web.

Description based on online resource; title from digital title page (viewed on January 10, 2022).

Other Format:

Print version: Decker, Scott H. On gangs

ISBN:

9781439920657

1439920656

Publisher Number:

40030899337

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.