Modern inorganic synthetic chemistry / edited by Ruren Xu and Yan Xu.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Xu, Ruren, editor.

Xu, Yan, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Inorganic compounds--Synthesis.

Inorganic compounds.

Chemistry, Inorganic.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (810 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, [Netherlands] ; Oxford, [England] ; Cambridge, [Massachusetts] : Elsevier, 2017.

Summary:

Modern Inorganic Synthetic Chemistry, Second Edition captures, in five distinct sections, the latest advancements in inorganic synthetic chemistry, providing materials chemists, chemical engineers, and materials scientists with a valuable reference source to help them advance their research efforts and achieve breakthroughs.Section one includes six chapters centering on synthetic chemistry under specific conditions, such as high-temperature, low-temperature and cryogenic, hydrothermal and solvothermal, high-pressure, photochemical and fusion conditions. Section two focuses on the synthesis and related chemistry problems of highly distinct categories of inorganic compounds, including superheavy elements, coordination compounds and coordination polymers, cluster compounds, organometallic compounds, inorganic polymers, and nonstoichiometric compounds. Section three elaborates on the synthetic chemistry of five important classes of inorganic functional materials, namely, ordered porous materials, carbon materials, advanced ceramic materials, host-guest materials, and hierarchically structured materials. Section four consists of four chapters where the synthesis of functional inorganic aggregates is discussed, giving special attention to the growth of single crystals, assembly of nanomaterials, and preparation of amorphous materials and membranes. The new edition's biggest highlight is Section five where the frontier in inorganic synthetic chemistry is reviewed by focusing on biomimetic synthesis and rationally designed synthesis.- Focuses on the chemistry of inorganic synthesis, assembly, and organization of wide-ranging inorganic systems- Covers all major methodologies of inorganic synthesis- Provides state-of-the-art synthetic methods- Includes real examples in the organization of complex inorganic functional materials- Contains more than 4000 references that are all highly reflective of the latest advancement in inorganic synthetic chemistry- Presents a comprehensive coverage of the key issues involved in modern inorganic synthetic chemistry as written by experts in the field

Contents:

Front Cover

Modern Inorganic Synthetic Chemistry

Copyright

Contents

List of Contributors

Preface to the Second Edition

1 - Introduction

1.1 CHEMISTRY OF INORGANIC SYNTHESIS

1.2 MAJOR SCIENTIFIC ISSUES IN MODERN INORGANIC SYNTHETIC CHEMISTRY

1.2.1 Development of New Synthetic Reactions, Synthetic Routes, Technologies, and Associated Basic Scientific Studies

1.2.1.1 Inorganics With Specific Structures

1.2.1.2 Inorganics With Varying State of Aggregation

1.2.1.3 Assembly of Higher Order Mesostructures

1.2.1.4 Composition, Assembly, and Hybridization of Inorganic Functional Materials

1.2.2 Sustainability in Modern Inorganic Synthetic Chemistry

1.2.3 Basic Research on Synthetic and Preparative Routes Under Specific and Extreme Conditions

1.2.4 Biomimetism as Tools in Bioinspiration in Modern Inorganic Synthesis

1.2.5 Rational Synthesis and Molecular Engineering of Inorganics With Specific Structure and Function

REFERENCES

2 - High Temperature Synthesis

2.1 ATTAINMENT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE: LABORATORY FURNACES [1] AND RELATED TECHNIQUES [2-6]

2.1.1 Resistance Furnaces

2.1.1.1 Furnace Construction

2.1.2 Crystal Grower Equipment

2.1.3 Arc Melting Furnace

2.1.4 Spark Plasma Sintering

2.2 TYPES OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SYNTHETIC REACTIONS AND ROUTES

2.2.1 High-Temperature Solid-Solid State Synthetic Reactions

2.2.2 High-Temperature Solid-Gas State Synthetic Reactions

2.3 HIGH-TEMPERATURE SOLID-STATE REACTION [11-14]

2.3.1 Mechanism and Characters of Solid-State Reaction [12]

2.3.2 Some Aspects of Synthesis Via Solid-State Reaction

2.3.2.1 Surface Area and Contacting Area of Reactants

2.3.2.2 Reactivity of Solid Precursors [27]

2.3.2.3 Property of Product From Solid-State Reaction.

2.4 PREPARATION OF RARE EARTH CONTAINING MATERIALS

2.4.1 Oxides and Complex Oxides

2.4.1.1 Preparation of Materials Containing Divalent Rare Earth Ions

2.4.1.2 Synthesis of Divalent Rare Earth Materials in Air With Defects Produced by Aliovalent Substitution

2.4.2 Halides

2.4.3 Chalcogenides

2.4.3.1 Sulfides

2.4.3.2 Oxysulfides

2.4.4 Pnictides and Oxypnictides

2.4.4.1 Nitrides

2.4.4.2 Oxynitrides

2.4.4.3 Oxyphosphides and Arsenides

2.5 SOL-GEL PROCESS AND PRECURSORS IN HIGH TEMPERATURE SOLID SYNTHESIS

2.5.1 The Chemistry of Sol-Gel Synthesis [61-64]

2.5.1.1 Hydrolysis and Condensation of Inorganic Salts

2.5.1.2 Hydrolysis-Condensation of Metallorganic Molecules

2.5.1.3 Examples of Synthesizing Compounds of Special Structure Via Sol-Gel Processes [64]

2.5.1.3.1 V2O5·1.6H2O Fiber

2.5.1.3.2 MO3·H2O Layer Compounds (M=Mo, W)

2.5.2 The Precursors in High Temperature Solid-State Synthesis [58]

2.5.2.1 Inorganic Salts

2.5.2.2 Metal Organic Compounds

2.5.2.3 Organometallic Compounds

2.5.2.4 Polymeric Precursors

2.5.2.5 Colloidal Suspension

2.6 SELF-PROPAGATING HIGH-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS [11,65-74]

2.6.1 General Aspects

2.6.2 Chemical Classes of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis Reactions

2.6.3 Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis Process and Its Characterization

2.6.3.1 Combustion in Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis Processes

2.6.3.2 Characterization of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis Reaction

2.6.3.3 Fundamental Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis Reaction Parameters

2.6.4 Activation of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis Processes [67,192-194]

2.6.4.1 Electric Field Activated Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis [67].

2.6.4.2 Mechanically Activated Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis [67,90,180-187]

2.6.4.3 Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis Coupled Gas-Transport [67]

2.6.4.4 Modified Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis

2.7 HIGH-TEMPERATURE PREPARATION OF METAL VAPORS AND ACTIVE MOLECULES FOR USE IN CRYOSYNTHESIS [195-197]

2.7.1 Techniques of Metal Vapor Preparation

2.7.1.1 High-Temperature Vaporization Using Resistors

2.7.1.2 Arc Vaporization

2.7.1.3 Electron Bombardment

2.7.1.4 Laser Beam Vaporization

2.7.2 Attainment of High-Temperature Species

2.7.2.1 High-Temperature Synthesis of BF Via Gas-Solid Reaction, BF Is Obtained Through the Following Reaction

2.7.2.2 Preparation of BCl by Flash Thermolysis of B2Cl4

2.7.2.3 Discharge Synthesis of CS

2.8 HIGH TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYSIS IN MOLTEN SALT SYSTEM [198-204]

2.8.1 Basic of Molten Salt Electrolysis

2.8.2 Electrochemical Series of Molten Salts

2.8.3 Anode Effect

2.8.4 Examples of Molten Salt Electrolysis: Rare Earth Metal Preparation [201]

2.8.4.1 Introduction

2.8.4.2 Electrolytic Process of Rare Earth Chlorides

2.8.4.2.1 Cathode Process

2.8.4.2.2 Anode Process

2.8.4.3 Current Efficiency

2.8.4.3.1 Dissolution of Rare Earth Metals in Molten Salts

2.8.4.3.2 Effects of Slag

2.8.4.4 Preparation of RE Chloride Feed

2.8.4.5 Operation Conditions of Electrolysis

2.8.4.5.1 Electrolyte Composition

2.8.4.5.2 Electrolytic Temperature

2.8.4.5.3 Current Density

2.8.4.6 Purity of Rare Earth Metal Products

2.8.5 Other Applications of Synthesis by Molten Salt Electrolysis [198-200]

2.8.5.1 Preparation of Alloys

2.8.5.2 Coating Films on Metals

2.8.5.3 Synthesis of High-Melting Binary Metal Compounds of Ceramic Type

2.8.5.4 Synthesis of Middle Valance Compounds

REFERENCES.

3 - Synthesis and Purification at Low Temperatures

3.1 ATTAINMENT AND MEASUREMENT OF LOW AND ULTRALOW TEMPERATURES

3.1.1 Attainment

3.1.1.1 Common Cold Bath

3.1.1.2 Phase-Change Cold Bath

3.1.1.3 Laboratory Cryogenic Systems

3.1.2 Thermometry

3.2 VACUUM TECHNIQUE AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN INORGANIC SYNTHESIS

3.2.1 Vacuum Attainment [1-3]

3.2.1.1 Rotary-Vane Mechanical Pump

3.2.1.2 Oil Diffusion Pump

3.2.1.3 Oil-Free Vacuum Pump

3.2.2 Vacuum Measurement Principles and Typical Measurement Ranges [1]

3.2.3 Common Vacuum Systems in Laboratory [2,4]

3.2.3.1 Valves

3.2.3.2 Traps

3.2.3.3 Vacuum Lines for Handling Materials Sensitive to Air and Water Vapor

3.3 PURIFICATION AND SEPARATION OF INORGANICS AT LOW TEMPERATURES

3.3.1 Low-Temperature Fractional Condensation [3]

3.3.1.1 Description of Method

3.3.1.2 Applications

3.3.2 Low-Temperature Fractional Distillation

3.3.3 Low-Temperature Selective Adsorption

3.3.4 Low-Temperature Chemical Separation [3]

3.4 SYNTHESIS OF VOLATILE INORGANIC COMPOUNDS AT LOW TEMPERATURES

3.4.1 Synthesis of High-Purity AsF5 [9-11]

3.4.2 Syntheses of R3SiCo(CO)4-Type Compounds [16]

3.5 FORMATION OF NOBLE GAS COMPOUNDS UNDER CRYOGENIC CONDITIONS

3.5.1 Synthesis of Xe[PtF6] [17,18]

3.5.2 Photochemical Synthesis of KrF2 [19,30]

3.5.3 Synthesis of HXY Molecules by Matrix Photogeneration

3.5.4 Synthesis of Stable Argon Compounds

3.6 FREEZE-DRYING SYNTHESIS

3.6.1 Locational Homogeneity of Reactants

3.6.2 Avoidance of Particle Agglomeration and Coarsening for Improved Size Uniformity

3.6.3 Aligned Two- and Three-Dimensional Structures by Ice-Templating

3.7 INORGANIC SYNTHESIS IN LIQUID AMMONIA

3.7.1 Reactions of Metals With Liquid Ammonia [69]

3.7.1.1 Reaction of Liquid Ammonia With Alkali Metals.

3.7.1.2 Reactions Between Alkali Earth Metals and Liquid Ammonia

3.7.1.3 Reactions Between Rare-Earth Metals and Liquid Ammonia

3.7.2 Reactions of Nonmetals With Liquid Ammonia

3.7.3 Ammonolysis of Inorganic Compounds in Liquid Ammonia

3.7.4 Substitution Reactions in Liquid Ammonia

3.7.5 Synthesis of MgCl2·6NH3 in Liquid Ammonia [71]

3.8 CRYOSYNTHESIS OF UNUSUAL INORGANIC COMPOUNDS [75-78]

3.8.1 Classification of Cryo-Synthetic Reactions

3.8.2 Basic Apparatus for Synthetic Reactions

4 - Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Syntheses

4.1 FOUNDATION OF HYDROTHERMAL AND SOLVOTHERMAL SYNTHESES [1]

4.1.1 Features of Hydrothermal Synthetic Reactions

4.1.2 Classification of Hydrothermal Reactions

4.1.3 Property of Reaction Medium [3]

4.2 FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS FROM HYDROTHERMAL AND SOLVOTHERMAL SYSTEMS

4.2.1 Single Crystals

4.2.2 Zeolites and Related Materials [1,30]

4.2.3 Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials

4.2.4 Ionic and Electronic Conductors [74]

4.2.5 Nanomaterials

4.3 HYDROTHERMAL BIOCHEMISTRY

4.3.1 Warm Pond: Hydrothermal Seafloor

4.3.2 Evolutionary Tree and Time Evidence

4.3.3 Chemical Ladder: Synthesis and Evolution

4.3.4 Expectation

4.4 SUPERCRITICAL WATER: A NOVEL REACTION SYSTEM [133-137]

4.4.1 Properties of Supercritical Water [133]

4.4.1.1 Ion Products and Dielectric Constants

4.4.1.2 Structural Transformation

4.4.1.3 Thermal Conductivity, Viscosity, and Diffusion Coefficient

4.4.2 Chemical Applications of Supercritical Water

4.4.3 Technological Applications of Supercritical Water [136,137,148-151]

4.5 TECHNIQUES AND METHODS

4.5.1 Reaction Containers [11]

4.5.1.1 Externally Heated and Internally Pressurized Autoclave

4.5.1.2 Externally Heated and Externally Pressurized Autoclave.

4.5.1.3 Internally Heated and Externally Pressurized Autoclave.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed February 24, 2017).

ISBN:

0-444-63595-5