Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena / John Humphreys, Gregory S. Rohrer, Anthony Rollett.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Humphreys, John, author.

Rohrer, Gregory S., author.

Rollett, Anthony, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Recrystallization (Metallurgy).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (705 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier, 2017.

Summary:

Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena, Third Edition, fulfills the information needs of materials scientists in both industry and academia. The subjects treated in the book are all active research areas, forming a major part of at least four regular international conference series. This new third edition ensures the reader has access to the latest findings, and is essential reading to those working in the forefront of research in universities and laboratories.For those in industry, the book highlights applications of the research and technology, exploring, in particular, the significant progress made recently in key areas such as deformed state, including deformation to very large strains, the characterization of microstructures by electron backscatter diffraction, the modeling and simulation of annealing, and continuous recrystallization.- Includes over 50% of new, revised, and updated material, highlighting the significant recent literature results in grain growth in non-crystallizing systems, 3D characterization techniques, quantitative modeling techniques, and all-new appendices on texture and measurements- Contains synthesized, detailed coverage from leading authors that bridge the gap between theory and practice- Includes a critical level of synthesis and pedagogy with an authored rather than edited volume

Contents:

Front Cover

Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena

Copyright

Contents

Preface to the First Edition

Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the Third Edition

Acknowledgments

Symbols

Abbreviations

1 - Introduction

1.1 Annealing of a Deformed Material

1.1.1 Outline and Terminology

1.1.2 Importance of Annealing

1.2 Historical Perspective

1.2.1 Early Development of the Subject

1.2.1.1 Crystallinity and Crystallization

1.2.1.2 Recrystallization and Grain Growth

1.2.1.3 Parameters Affecting Recrystallization

1.2.2 Selected Key Literature (1952-2003)

1.3 Forces, Pressures, and Units

1.3.1 Pressure on a Boundary

1.3.2 Units and the Magnitude of the Driving Pressure

1.3.2.1 Recrystallization: Driving Pressure Due to Stored Dislocations

1.3.2.2 Recovery and Grain Growth: Driving Pressure Due to Boundary Energy

1.3.2.3 Comparison With the Driving Forces for Phase Transformations

2 - The Deformed State

2.1 Introduction

2.2 The Stored Energy of Cold Work

2.2.1 Origin of the Stored Energy

2.2.1.1 Stored Dislocations

2.2.1.2 Grain Boundary Area

2.2.1.3 Dislocation Substructure

2.2.2 Measurements of Overall Stored Energy

2.2.2.1 Calorimetry

2.2.2.2 Work Hardening

2.2.2.3 X-Ray Line Broadening

2.2.3 Relationship Between Stored Energy and Microstructure

2.2.3.1 Stored Energy and Dislocation Density

2.2.3.2 Estimating Stored Energy from the Flow Stress

2.2.3.3 Stored Energy and Cell/Subgrain Structure

2.2.3.4 Orientation Dependence of Stored Energy

2.2.3.5 Modeling the Stored Energy

2.3 Crystal Plasticity

2.3.1 Slip and Twinning

2.3.2 Deformation of Polycrystals

2.4 Cubic Metals that Deform by Slip

2.4.1 Hierarchy of Microstructure.

2.4.2 Evolution of Deformation Microstructure in Cell-forming Metals

2.4.2.1 Small Strains (ε&lt

0.3)

2.4.2.2 Moderate Strains (0.3&lt

ε&lt

1)

2.4.2.3 Large Strains (ε 1)

2.4.2.4 Summary

2.4.3 Noncell-Forming Metals

2.5 Cubic Metals That Deform by Slip and Twinning

2.5.1 Deformation Twinning

2.5.2 Effect of Stacking Fault Energy

2.6 Hexagonal Metals

2.7 Deformation Bands

2.7.1 Structure of Deformation Bands

2.7.2 Formation of Deformation Bands

2.7.3 Transition Bands

2.7.4 Conditions Under Which Deformation Bands Form

2.8 Shear Bands

2.8.1 Metals of Medium or High Stacking Fault Energy

2.8.2 Metals of Low Stacking Fault Energy

2.8.3 Formation of Shear Bands

2.8.4 Conditions for Shear Banding

2.9 Microstructures of Deformed Two-Phase Alloys

2.9.1 Dislocation Distribution in Alloys Containing Deformable Particles

2.9.2 Dislocation Distribution in Alloys Containing Nondeformable Particles

2.9.2.1 Dislocation Density

2.9.2.2 Cell and Subgrain Structures

2.9.2.3 Larger-Scale Deformation Heterogeneities

2.9.3 Dislocation Structures at Individual Particles

2.9.4 Deformation Zones at Particles

2.9.4.1 Single Crystals Deformed in Tension

2.9.4.2 Single Crystals Deformed by Plane-Strain Compression or Rolling

2.9.4.3 Deformed Polycrystals

2.9.4.4 Modeling the Deformation Zone

3 - Deformation Textures

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Deformation Textures in Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) Metals

3.2.1 Pure Metal Texture

3.2.2 Alloy Texture

3.3 Deformation Textures in Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) Metals

3.4 Deformation Textures in Hexagonal Metals

3.5 Fiber Textures

3.6 Factors That Influence Texture Development

3.6.1 Rolling Geometry and Friction

3.6.2 Deformation Temperature

3.6.3 Grain Size

3.6.4 Shear Banding

3.6.5 Second-Phase Particles.

3.7 Theories of Deformation Texture Development

3.7.1 Macroscopic Models

3.7.1.1 The Sachs Theory

3.7.1.2 The Taylor Theory

3.7.1.3 Relaxed Constraints Models

3.7.1.4 Predicting the Rolling Texture

3.7.1.5 Comparison With Experiment

3.7.2 Recent Models

3.7.3 The Texture Transition

4 - The Structure and Energy of Grain Boundaries

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Orientation Relationship Between Grains

4.3 Low Angle Grain Boundaries

4.3.1 Tilt Boundaries

4.3.2 Other Low Angle Boundaries

4.4 High Angle Grain Boundaries

4.4.1 Coincidence Site Lattice (CSL)

4.4.2 Structure of High Angle Boundaries

4.4.3 Energy of High Angle Boundaries

4.5 Topology of Boundaries and Grains

4.5.1 Two-Dimensional Microstructures

4.5.2 Three-Dimensional Microstructures

4.5.3 Grain Boundary Facets

4.5.4 Boundary Connectivity

4.5.5 Triple Junctions

4.6 Smith-Zener Drag: Interaction of Second-Phase Particles With Boundaries

4.6.1 Drag Force Exerted by a Single Particle

4.6.1.1 General Considerations

4.6.1.2 Effect of Particle Shape

4.6.1.3 Coherent Particles

4.6.2 Drag Pressure From a Distribution of Particles

4.6.2.1 Drag From a Random Distribution of Particles

4.6.2.2 Effects of Boundary-Particle Correlation

4.6.2.3 Drag From Nonrandom Particle Distributions

5 - Mobility and Migration of Boundaries

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Role of Grain Boundary Migration During Annealing

5.1.2 Micromechanisms of Grain Boundary Migration

5.1.3 Concept of Grain Boundary Mobility

5.1.4 Measuring Grain Boundary Mobilities

5.2 Mobility of Low Angle Grain Boundaries

5.2.1 Migration of Symmetrical Tilt Boundaries Under Stress

5.2.2 General Low Angle Boundaries

5.2.2.1 Measurements of the Mobility of Low Angle Boundaries

5.2.2.2 Mechanisms of Low Angle Boundary Migration.

5.2.2.3 Theories of the Mobility of Low Angle Boundaries

5.3 Measurements of the Mobility of High Angle Boundaries

5.3.1 Effect of Temperature on Grain Boundary Mobility in High Purity Metals

5.3.1.1 Activation Energy for Boundary Migration

5.3.1.2 Transition Temperatures

5.3.2 Effect of Orientation on Grain Boundary Migration in High Purity Metals

5.3.2.1 Orientation Dependence of Grain Boundary Mobility

5.3.2.2 Effect of Boundary Plane on Mobility

5.3.3 Influence of Solutes on Boundary Mobility

5.3.3.1 Effect of Solute Concentration

5.3.3.2 Impurities and Complexions

5.3.3.3 Effect of Temperature

5.3.3.4 Effect of Orientation

5.3.3.5 Effects of Temperature and Orientation

5.3.4 Effect of Point Defects on Boundary Mobility

5.3.4.1 Effect of Vacancies on Boundary Mobility

5.3.4.2 Generation of Defects by Moving Boundaries

5.3.5 Scope of Experimental Measurements

5.4 Theories of the Mobility of High Angle Grain Boundaries

5.4.1 Theories of Grain Boundary Migration in Pure Metals

5.4.1.1 Thermally Activated Boundary Migration: Early Single-Process Models

5.4.1.2 Early Group-Process Theories

5.4.1.3 Step Models

5.4.1.4 Boundary Defect Models

5.4.1.5 Status of Boundary Migration Models

5.4.1.6 Atomistic Simulation of Grain Boundary Motion With Molecular Dynamics (MD)

5.4.2 Theories of Grain Boundary Migration in Solid Solutions

5.4.2.1 Low Boundary Velocities

5.4.2.2 High Boundary Velocities

5.4.2.3 Predictions of the Model

5.4.2.4 Correlation of Experiment and Theory

5.4.2.5 Development of the Theory

5.5 Migration of Triple Junctions

5.5.1 Introduction

5.5.2 Importance of Triple Junction Mobility

6 - Recovery After Deformation

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 Occurrence of Recovery

6.1.2 Properties Affected by Recovery.

6.2 Experimental Measurements of Recovery

6.2.1 Extent of Recovery

6.2.1.1 Effect of Strain

6.2.1.2 Effect of Annealing Temperature

6.2.1.3 Material Characteristics

6.2.2 Measurements of Recovery Kinetics

6.2.2.1 Empirical Kinetic Relationships

6.2.2.2 Recovery of Single Crystals Deformed in Single Slip

6.2.2.3 Recovery Kinetics of Polycrystals

6.3 Dislocation Migration and Annihilation During Recovery

6.3.1 General Considerations

6.3.2 Kinetics of Dipole Annihilation

6.3.3 Recovery Kinetics of More Complex Dislocation Structures

6.3.3.1 Control by Dislocation Climb

6.3.3.2 Control by Thermally Activated Glide of Dislocations

6.4 Rearrangement of Dislocations Into Stable Arrays

6.4.1 Polygonization

6.4.2 Subgrain Formation

6.5 Subgrain Coarsening

6.5.1 Driving Force for Subgrain Growth

6.5.2 Experimental Measurements of Subgrain Coarsening

6.5.2.1 Kinetics of Subgrain Growth

6.5.2.2 Correlation of Orientation, Misorientation, and Subgrain Growth

6.5.2.3 Relationship Between Subgrain Size and Mechanical Properties

6.5.3 Subgrain Growth by Boundary Migration

6.5.3.1 General Considerations

6.5.3.2 Subgrain Growth in Polygonized Crystals

6.5.3.3 Subgrain Growth in the Absence of an Orientation Gradient

6.5.3.4 Decreasing Misorientation During Subgrain Growth

6.5.3.5 Discontinuous Subgrain Growth

6.5.3.6 Subgrain Growth in an Orientation Gradient

6.5.4 Subgrain Growth by Rotation and Coalescence

6.5.4.1 Process of Subgrain Rotation

6.5.4.2 Evidence From In Situ TEM Observations

6.5.4.3 Evidence From Bulk Annealed Specimens

6.5.4.4 Modeling Reorientation at a Single Boundary

6.5.4.5 Modeling the Kinetics of Subgrain Coalescence

6.5.4.6 Simulations of Subgrain Coalescence

6.5.5 Recovery Mechanisms and the Nucleation of Recrystallization.

6.6 Effect of Second-Phase Particles on Recovery.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed August 18, 2017).

ISBN:

0-08-098269-7

0-08-098235-2