Sustainable design through process integration : fundamentals and applications to industrial pollution prevention, resource conservation, and profitability enhancement / Mahmoud M. El Halwagi.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

El Halwagi, Mahmoud M., author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Chemical processes.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (605 pages)

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier, 2017.

Summary:

Sustainable Design through Process Integration: Fundamentals and Applications to Industrial Pollution Prevention, Resource Conservation, and Profitability Enhancement, Second Edition, is an important textbook that provides authoritative, comprehensive, and easy-to-follow coverage of the fundamental concepts and practical techniques on the use of process integration to maximize the efficiency and sustainability of industrial processes. The book is ideal for adoption in process design and sustainability courses. It is also a valuable guidebook to process, chemical, and environmental engineers who need to improve the design, operation, performance, and sustainability of industrial plants. The book covers pressing and high growth topics, including benchmarking process performance, identifying root causes of problems and opportunities for improvement, designing integrated solutions, enhancing profitability, conserving natural resources, and preventing pollution. Written by one of the world's foremost authorities on integrated process design and sustainability, the new edition contains new chapters and updated materials on various aspects of process integration and sustainable design. The new edition is also packed with numerous new examples and industrial applications. Allows the reader to methodically develop rigorous targets that benchmark the performance of industrial processes then develop cost-effective implementations Contains state-of-the-art process integration and improvement approaches and techniques including graphical, algebraic, and mathematical methods Covers topics and applications that include profitability enhancement, mass and energy conservation, synthesis of innovative processes, retrofitting of existing systems, design and assessment of water, energy, and water-energy-nexus systems, and reconciliation of various sustainability objectives

Contents:

Front Cover

Sustainable Design Through Process Integration

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contents

Preface

1 Introduction to Sustainability, Sustainable Design, and Process Integration

1.1 Introduction

1.2 What is Sustainability?

1.3 What is Sustainable Design Through Process Integration?

1.4 Motivating Examples on the Generation and Integration of Sustainable-Design Alternatives

1.5 Structure and Learning Outcomes of the Book

References

2 Overview of Process Economics

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Cost Types and Estimation

2.2.1 Capital Cost Estimation

2.2.1.1 Manufacturer's Quotation

2.2.1.2 Computer-Aided Tools

2.2.1.3 Capacity Ratio With Exponent

2.2.1.3.1 Updates Using Cost Indices

2.2.1.3.2 Ratio Factors Based on Delivered Equipment Cost

2.2.1.3.3 Empirical Correlations

2.2.1.3.4 Gas-Conversion Plants

2.2.1.3.5 Liquid- and/or Solid-Phase Plants

2.2.1.3.6 Turnover Ratio

2.2.2 Equipment-Cost Estimation

2.2.2.1 Manufacturer's Quotation

2.2.2.2 Computer-Aided Tools

2.2.2.3 Capacity Ratio With Exponent

2.2.2.4 Updates Using Cost Indices

2.2.2.5 Cost Charts

2.2.3 Operating-Cost or Operating-Expenditure (OPEX) Estimation

2.2.4 Production-Cost Estimation

2.3 Depreciation

2.3.1 Linear Depreciation (Straight-Line Method)

2.3.2 Declining-Balance Method

2.3.3 Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System

2.4 Break-Even Analysis

2.5 Time Value of Money

2.5.1 Compound Interest of a Single Payment

2.5.2 Cash Flow Diagram

2.5.3 Annuities

2.6 Profitability Analysis

2.6.1 Profitability Criteria without the Time-Value of Money

2.6.2 Profitability Criteria with the Time-Value of Money

2.6.2.1 Net Present Value (NPV) or Net Present Worth (NPW)

2.6.2.2 Discounted Cash Flow Return on Investment (Internal Rate of Return).

2.6.2.3 Discounted Payback Period

2.6.3 Comparison of Alternatives

2.6.3.1 Net Present Value (Net Present Worth)

2.6.3.2 Annual Cost/Revenue

2.6.3.3 Total Annualized Cost

2.6.3.4 Incremental Return on Investment (IROI)

2.7 Homework Problems

3 Benchmarking Process Performance Through Overall Mass Targeting

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Stoichiometry-Based Targeting

3.2.1 Stoichiometric Targeting

3.2.2 Stoichiometric-Economic "Stoichionomic" Targeting

3.3 Mass Integration Targeting

3.3.1 Targeting for Minimum Waste Discharge

3.3.2 Targeting for Minimum Purchase of Fresh Material Utilities

3.3.3 Targeting for Maximum Product Yield

3.4 Mass Integration Strategies for Attaining the Targets

3.5 Inclusion of Sustainability and Targeting in Profitability Calculations: Sustainability Weighted Return on Investment f...

3.6 Atomic Targeting for Multiscale Systems: C-H-O Symbiosis Networks (CHOSYNs) for the Design of Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs)

3.6.1 Problem Statement

3.6.2 Atomic Targeting Approach

3.7 Homework Problems

4 Direct-Recycle Networks: Graphical and Algebraic Targeting Approaches

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Problem Statement for the Design of Direct-Recycle Networks

4.3 Selection of Sources, Sinks, and Recycle Routes

4.4 Direct-Recycle Targets Through Material-Recycle Pinch Diagram

4.5 Design Rules From the Material-Recycle Pinch Diagram

4.6 Extension to the Case of Impure Fresh

4.7 Insights for Process Modifications

4.8 An Algebraic Approach to Targeting Direct Recycle Networks

4.9 Algebraic Targeting Procedure

4.10 Case Study: Targeting for Water Usage and Discharge in a Formic Acid Plant

Solution

4.11 Generating Implementation Designs Using the Source-Sink Mapping Diagram for Matching Sources and Sinks.

4.12 Multicomponent Source-Sink Mapping Diagram

4.13 Homework Problems

Coating

Dryer

Neutralization

Acid Tower

First Absorber

Nomenclature

Superscripts

Subscripts

Greek Letters

5 Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Mass-Exchange Network Synthesis Task

5.3 The MEN-Targeting Approach

5.4 The Corresponding Composition Scales

5.5 The Mass-Exchange Pinch Diagram

5.6 Constructing Pinch Diagrams without Process MSAs

5.7 An Algebraic Approach to Targeting Mass-Exchange Networks

5.7.1 The Composition-Interval Diagram

5.7.2 Table of Exchangeable Loads

5.7.3 Mass-Exchange Cascade Diagram

5.8 Construction of the MEN Configuration With Minimum Number of Exchangers

5.8.1 Feasibility Criteria at the Pinch

5.8.1.1 Stream Population

5.8.2 Operating Line versus Equilibrium Line

5.8.3 Network Synthesis

5.9 Trading Off Fixed Cost Versus Operating Cost

5.9.1 Trading off Fixed and Operating Costs by Varying the Mass-Exchange Driving Forces

5.9.2 Trading Off Fixed and Operating Costs by Mixing Rich Streams

5.9.3 Trading Off Fixed and Operating Costs Using Mass-Load Paths

5.10 Homework Problems

Symbols

Greek

6 Combining Mass-Integration Strategies

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Process Representation from A Mass-Integration Species Perspective

6.3 Homework Problems

7 Heat Integration

7.1 Introduction

7.2 HEN-Synthesis Problem Statement

7.3 Minimum Utility Targets Via the Thermal Pinch Diagram

7.4 Minimum Utility Targets Using the Algebraic Cascade Diagram

7.5 Screening of Multiple Utilities Using the Grand Composite Representation

7.5.1 Stream Matching and the Synthesis of Heat-Exchange Networks

7.5.2 Stream Population Rules for Matching

7.5.3 Flowrate*Specific Heat Rules for Matching.

7.6 Homework Problems

8 Integration of Combined Heat and Power Systems

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Heat Engines

8.3 Steam Turbines and Power Plants

8.4 Placement of Heat Engines and Integration With Thermal Pinch Analysis

8.5 Heat Pumps

8.6 Closed-Cycle Vapor Compression Heat Pumps Using a Separate Working Fluid (Refrigerant)

8.6.1 Description and Modeling of a Heat Pump

8.6.2 Dual-Mode Heat Pumps

8.7 Vapor-Compression Heat Pumps and Thermal Pinch Diagram

8.8 Open-Cycle Mechanical Vapor Recompression Using a Process Stream as the Working Fluid

8.9 Absorption Refrigeration Cycles

8.10 Cogeneration Targeting

8.11 Additional Readings

8.12 Homework Problems

9 Synthesis of Heat-Induced Separation Network for Condensation of Volatile Organic Compounds

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Problem Statement

9.3 System Configuration

9.4 Integration of Mass and Heat Objectives

9.5 Design Approach

9.5.1 Minimization of External Cooling Utility

9.5.2 Selection of Cooling Utilities

9.5.3 Trading Off Fixed Cost versus Operating Cost

9.6 Special Case: Dilute Waste Streams

9.7 Case Study: Removal of Methyl Ethyl Ketone

9.8 Solution

9.9 Effect of Pressure

9.10 Homework Problems

10 Property Integration

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Property-Based Material Recycle Pinch Diagram

10.3 Process Modification Based on Property-Based Pinch Diagram

10.4 Clustering Techniques for Multiple Properties

10.5 Cluster-Based Source-Sink Mapping Diagram For Property-Based Recycle And Interception

10.6 Property-Based Design Rules for Recycle and Interception

10.6.1 Source Prioritization Rule

10.6.2 Lever-Arm Source Prioritization Rule

10.7 Dealing With Multiplicity of Cluster-to-Property Mapping (El-Halwagi et al., 2004).

10.8 Relationship Between Clusters and Mass Fractions

10.9 Additional Readings

10.10 Homework PROBLEMS

11 Overview of Optimization

11.1 Introduction

11.2 What is Mathematical Programming?

11.3 How to Formulate An Optimization Model

11.4 Using the Software LINGO to Solve Optimization Problems

11.5 Interpreting Dual Prices in the Results of a LINGO Solution

11.6 A Brief Introduction to Sets, Convex Analysis, and Symbols Used in Optimization

11.6.1 Sets

11.6.2 Convex Analysis

11.6.3 Symbols Used in Optimization Formulations

11.7 The Use of 0-1 Binary-Integer Variables

11.8 Enumerating Multiple Solutions Using Integer Cuts

11.9 Modeling Disjunctions and Discontinuous Functions with Binary Integer Variables

11.9.1 Discontinuous Functions

11.9.2 Big-M Reformulation

11.9.3 Convex-Hull Reformulation

11.10 Using Set Formulations in LINGO

11.10.1 Summation

11.10.2 Defining Sets

11.10.3 Entering Data

11.10.4 The @FOR Command

11.10.5 Dealing with Double Summations

11.10.6 Entering Two-Dimensional Data

11.10.7 Using @FOR in the Case of Repeating Constraints with Two-Dimensional Variables

11.10.8 Adding Logical Operators

11.11 Homework Problems

12 An Optimization Approach to Direct Recycle

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Problem Statement

12.3 Problem Representation

12.4 Optimization Formulation

12.5 Additional Readings

12.6 Homework Problems

13 Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks: A Mathematical Programming Approach

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Generalization of the Composition Interval Diagram

13.3 Problem Formulation

13.4 Optimization of Outlet Compositions

13.5 Stream Matching and Network Synthesis

13.6 Homework Problems

References.

14 Synthesis of Reactive Mass-Exchange Networks.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9780128098233

0128098236

OCLC:

1001385872