Viruses : from understanding to investigation / Susan Payne.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Payne, Susan, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Viruses.

Medical Subjects:

Viruses.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (354 pages) : color illustrations

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Boston, Massachusetts : Elsevier, [2017]

Summary:

Viruses: From Understanding to Investigation provides students with a map for lifetime learning by presenting the definition and unique characteristics of viruses, including major topics, such as the virus lifecycle, structure, taxonomy, evolution, history, host-virus interactions and methods to study viruses.

Contents:

Front Cover

Viruses

Copyright Page

Contents

About the Author

Preface

Acknowledgments

1 Introduction to Animal Viruses

What Is a Virus?

Diversity in the World of Viruses

Are Viruses Alive?

Basic Steps in the Virus Replication-Cycle

Growing Viruses

Categorizing Viruses (Taxonomy)

Outcomes of Viral Infection

Introduction to Viral Pathogenesis

Introduction to Virus Transmission

2 Virus Structure

Anatomy of a Virus

Capsid Structure and Function

Capsids Are Built From Many Copies of One or a Few Types of Protein

Simple Icosahedral Capsids

Larger Icosahedral Capsids

Polyomavirus and Papillomavirus Capsids

Adenovirus Capsids

Reoviruses

Herpesvirus Capsids

Poxvirus Structure

Viral Envelopes

Glycosylation

Other Membrane Proteins

Matrix Proteins

Nucleocapsid Structure

3 Virus Interactions With the Cell

Virus Interactions with the Cell

The Extracellular Space

The Plasma Membrane

Attachment Occurs at the Plasma Membrane

Virus Penetration and Uncoating at the Plasma Membrane

Virus Penetration and Uncoating From Membrane Bound Vesicles

Membrane Fusion

Uncoating the Genome

Cytoskeleton

Movement Through the Cell, Interactions With the Cytoskeleton

Virus Assembly

Virion Release

Virion Maturation

Amplification of Viral Proteins and Nucleic Acids in the Context of the Infected Cell

A Short Review of Transcription in the Eukaryotic Host Cell

Transcription of Viral mRNAs

A Short Review of Translation in the Eukaryotic Host Cell

Translation of Viral Proteins

Synthesis of Viral Genomes

4 Methods to Study Viruses

Generating Cell Cultures

Purifying Viruses

Visualizing Viruses

Optical Microscopy

Light Microscopes

Fluorescence Microscopy

Electron Microscopy

Counting Viruses.

Infectivity Assays

Chemical/Physical Methods of Virus Quantitation

Hemagglutination Assay

Serologic Techniques

Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay

Virus Neutralization Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays

Cell-Based Fluorescent Antibody Assays

Western Blots

Immunohistochemistry

Detecting Viral Nucleic Acids

Polymerase Chain Reaction

High Throughput Sequencing

Basic Principles of Diagnostic Virology

References

5 Virus Transmission and Epidemiology

Methods to Count Viral Infections and Disease

Infection Versus Disease

Developing Models of Virus Transmission

Incubation, Latent, and Infectious Periods

Virus Transmission

6 Immunity and Resistance to Viruses

Innate Immunity

Toll-Like Receptors

Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene-Like Receptors

NLRs Are Receptors With NOD-Like Domains

Inflammasomes

Proinflammatory Molecules

Interferons

Type I IFNs

Type II IFN

Type III IFNs

IFNs Bind to Receptors and Signal Through Janus Kinase Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription Pathways

IFN-Stimulated Genes and the Antiviral State

Protein Kinase RNA-Activated Pathway

2′-5′ Oligo A Synthase Pathway

Other Interferon Stimulated Genes

Intrinsic Immunity

Restriction Factors

Autophagy

Natural Killer Cell Responses to Viral Infection

Specific Immunity

Antibody Responses

Cell-Mediated Responses

Antigen Presentation

Viruses Fight Back

Antigenic Variation

Suppression of Antigen Presentation

Suppression of IFN Responses

Suppression or Coopting of Apoptosis and Autophagy

Immunosuppression

Poxviruses Encode Molecules That Mimic Cytokines, IFNs, and Their Receptors

Hiding From the Immune System

7 Viral Vaccines

Classical versus Engineered Vaccines

Vaccines Provide a Source of Antigens.

Replicating versus Inactivated Vaccines

Killed, Inactivated, and Subunit Vaccines

Viral Vaccines that contain Infectious Agents

Antigen Recognition

Correlates of Protection

Vaccine Development

A Final Word about Safety

8 Virus Evolution and Genetics

Virus Evolution

Virus Genetics

Recombination

Genotypes and Phenotypes

Nonessential Genes

Forward and Reverse Genetics

Reverse Genetics of Positive-Strand RNA Viruses

Reverse Genetics of Negative-Strand RNA Viruses

Reverse Genetics of Retroviruses

Reverse Genetics of DNA Viruses

9 Viral Pathogenesis

Natural Barriers to Infection

Primary Replication

Movement to Secondary Replication Sites

Genesis of Disease

Immunopathogenesis

Virulence

Approaches to Study Viral Pathogenesis

10 Introduction to RNA Viruses

Definition and Basic Properties of RNA Viruses

Subgroups of RNA Viruses

Positive Strand RNA Viruses

Negative Sense and Ambisense RNA Viruses

dsRNA Viruses

Structural Features of RNA Virus Genomes

Priming Viral RNA Synthesis

Mechanisms to Generate Capped mRNAs

Mechanisms to Generate Polyadenylated mRNAs

Mechanisms to Regulate Synthesis of Genomes and Transcripts

RNA Viruses and Quasispecies

11 Family Picornaviridae

Genome Organization

Virion Structure

Picornavirus Replication (Poliovirus Model)

Binding and Penetration

Translation

Genome Replication

Assembly

Maturation

Picornaviruses and Disease

Genus Enterovirus

Genus Hepatovirus

Genus Apthovirus: Foot and Mouth Disease Virus

12 Family Caliciviridae

General Replication Cycle

Attachment/Penetration

Assembly/Release

Diseases

Acute Gasterointestinal Disease

Feline Calicivirus

Rabbit Calicivirus.

13 Family Hepeviridae

Virion Morphology

General Replication Cycle of HEV

Disease

14 Family Astroviridae

Diseases Caused by Astroviruses

15 Family Flaviviridae

Genome Structure/Organization

General Overview of Replication

Protein Products

Genus Hepacivirus: Hepatitis C Virus

Genus Flavivirus

Yellow Fever Virus

Dengue Fever Virus

West Nile Virus

Zika Virus: An Emerging Threat

Genus Pestivirus

16 Family Togaviridae

Genome Structure

Togavirus Replication

Attachment and Penetration

Assembly and Release

Transmission

Alphaviruses Associated With Rash and Arthritis

Chikungunya Virus

Sindbis Virus

Alphaviruses of Veterinary Importance

Rubella Virus

17 Family Coronaviridae

Coronavirus Genome Organization

Coronavirus Structural Proteins

Coronavirus Replication Cycle

Attachment

Penetration

Amplification

RNA Synthesis

Diseases Caused by Coronaviruses

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

Feline Coronavirus and Feline Infectious Peritonitis

18 Family Arteriviridae

Replication Cycle

Diseases Caused by Arteriviruses

Equine Viral Arteritis

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome

Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and Related Viruses

19 Family Rhabdoviridae

Virus Structure

Overview of Replication

The Switch from mRNA Synthesis to Genome Replication

Rabies and Rabies-Related Viruses.

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

Chandipura Virus

Other Rhabdoviruses associated with Disease

20 Families Paramyxoviridae and Pneumoviridae

Transcription

Protein Synthesis

Assembly, Release, and Maturation

Measles

Mumps

Respiratory Tract Diseases

Canine Distemper

Henipaviruses

Pneumoviruses

21 Family Filoviridae

Entry Into Host

Pathogenesis

EBOV and MARV Antagonize Innate Immune Responses

22 Family Bornaviridae

Borna Disease

Birds and Bornaviruses

23 Family Orthomyxoviridae

Classification and Nomenclature of Orthomyxoviruses

Hemagglutinin

Neuraminidase

Matrix Protein (M1)

M2

Nucleoprotein

RNA Polymerase Complex

Nuclear Export Protein

Nonstructural Protein 1

Assembly, Budding, and Maturation

Antigenic Drift and Antigenic Shift

Avian Influenza

Antiviral Drugs

Vaccines

24 Family Bunyaviridae

General Replication Strategy

Penetration and Uncoating

La Crosse Virus

Oropouche Virus

Schmallenberg and Cache Valley Viruses.

Rift Valley Fever Virus.

Notes:

Includes index.

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9780128031100

0128031107

9780128031094

0128031093

OCLC:

1001278454