Carbon Capture and Storage.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Rackley, Steve A.

Contributor:

Rackley, Steve A.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Carbon dioxide--Environmental aspects.

Carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide sinks.

Carbon dioxide mitigation.

Carbon sequestration.

Air quality management.

Greenhouse effect, Atmospheric.

Greenhouse gases.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (699 pages)

Edition:

2nd ed.

Place of Publication:

Oxford : Elsevier Science & Technology, 2017.

Summary:

Carbon Capture and Storage, Second Edition, provides a thorough, non-specialist introduction to technologies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels during power generation and other energy-intensive industrial processes, such as steelmaking. Extensively revised and updated, this second edition provides detailed coverage of key carbon dioxide capture methods along with an examination of the most promising techniques for carbon storage. The book opens with an introductory section that provides background regarding the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, an overview of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, and a primer in the fundamentals of power generation. The next chapters focus on key carbon capture technologies, including absorption, adsorption, and membrane-based systems, addressing their applications in both the power and non-power sectors. New for the second edition, a dedicated section on geological storage of carbon dioxide follows, with chapters addressing the relevant features, events, and processes (FEP) associated with this scenario. Non-geological storage methods such as ocean storage and storage in terrestrial ecosystems are the subject of the final group of chapters. A chapter on carbon dioxide transportation is also included. This extensively revised and expanded second edition will be a valuable resource for power plant engineers, chemical engineers, geological engineers, environmental engineers, and industrial engineers seeking a concise, yet authoritative one-volume overview of this field. Researchers, consultants, and policy makers entering this discipline also will benefit from this reference. Provides all-inclusive and authoritative coverage of the major technologies under consideration for carbon capture and storage Presents information in an approachable format, for those with a scientific or engineering background, as well as non-specialists Includes a new Part III dedicated to geological storage of carbon dioxide, covering this topic in much more depth (9 chapters compared to 1 in the first edition) Features revisions and updates to all chapters Includes new sections or expanded content on: chemical looping/calcium looping; life-cycle GHG assessment of CCS technologies; non-power industries (e.g. including pulp/paper alongside ones already covered); carbon negative technologies (e.g. BECCS); gas-fired power plants; biomass and waste co-firing; and hydrate-based capture

Contents:

Front Cover

Carbon Capture and Storage

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contents

Preface to the second edition

Preface to the first edition

Acknowledgments

I. Introduction and Overview

1 Introduction

1.1 The carbon cycle

1.1.1 Carbon inventories

Carbon inventory of the atmosphere

Carbon inventory of the biosphere and soils

Carbon inventory of the oceans

Carbon inventory of the lithosphere

1.1.2 Carbon fluxes

Atmosphere ↔ ocean fluxes

Atmosphere ↔ terrestrial biosphere and soil fluxes

Atmosphere ↔ lithosphere fluxes

1.2 Mitigating growth of the atmospheric carbon inventory

1.2.1 Anthropogenic emission scenarios

1.2.2 CO2 stabilization scenarios

1.3 The process of technology innovation

1.3.1 Technology readiness level classification

1.3.2 RDD&amp

D timescale

1.4 References and resources

1.4.1 References

1.4.2 Resources

2 Overview of carbon capture and storage

2.1 Carbon capture

2.1.1 Capture from power generation

2.1.2 Capture from other industrial processes

Cement production

Integrated steel mills

2.1.3 Other capture options

Direct air capture

2.2 Carbon storage

2.2.1 Geological storage

2.2.2 Ocean storage

2.2.3 Storage in terrestrial ecosystems

2.2.4 Storage by mineral carbonation

2.2.5 Other storage and use options

2.3 Life-cycle analysis of CCS technologies

2.4 References and resources

2.4.1 References

2.4.2 Resources

3 Power generation fundamentals

3.1 Physical and chemical fundamentals

3.1.1 Fossil fuel combustion

Partial oxidation

Heating value of a fuel

Oxyfueling

3.1.2 Gasification of fossil and other fuels

3.1.3 Syngas production from methane

3.1.4 Thermodynamic cycles

Rankine steam cycle

Brayton gas turbine cycle.

3.1.5 Aspects of steel metallurgy for fossil-fueled power plants

Corrosion resistance

Carbides, creep, hardening, and embrittlement

3.2 Fossil-fueled power plants

3.2.1 Introduction

3.2.2 Fuels and fuel handling

Coal firing

Natural gas firing

Gasification

Biomass co-firing

3.2.3 Steam generation

Boiler technology

Feedwater processing

Evaporator design

Superheating, reheating, and steam temperature control

Condenser and heat recovery

Combustion technology

Combustion chambers and burners

Fluidized bed combustion

SC and USC steam operation

3.2.4 Steam turbine technology

3.2.5 Flue gas cleanup

Ash and particulate removal

Flue gas desulfurization systems

Wet scrubbing flue gas desulfurization process

Electron beam FGD

NOx control and removal

NOx control during combustion

NOx removal by selective reduction

Electron beam flue gas NOx removal

3.2.6 Thermal efficiency of conventional power plants

3.3 Combined cycle power generation

3.3.1 Heat recovery steam generation

3.3.2 Combined cycle thermal efficiency

3.3.3 Integrated gasification combined cycle power generation

3.4 Future developments in power generation technology

3.4.1 Materials development for SC and USC boilers

3.5 References and resources

3.5.1 References

3.5.2 Resources

II. Carbon Capture Technologies

4 Carbon capture from power generation

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Pre-combustion capture

4.2.1 Pre-combustion RD&amp

D projects

R&amp

D and pilot-scale testing

Demonstration and early deployment projects

4.3 Post-combustion capture

4.3.1 Post-combustion RD&amp

4.4 Oxyfuel combustion

4.4.1 Oxyfuel RD&amp

D and pilot-scale testing.

Planned demonstration projects

4.5 Chemical looping systems

4.5.1 Chemical looping combustion

4.5.2 Chemical looping reforming

4.5.3 Chemical looping hydrogen production

4.6 Capture-ready and retrofit power plant

4.6.1 Capture-ready power plants

4.6.2 Retrofitting capture capability

4.7 Approaches to zero-emission power generation

4.7.1 AZEP concept: Norsk Hydro/Alstom

4.7.2 ZEC concept: Los Alamos National Laboratory

4.8 References and resources

4.8.1 References

4.8.2 Resources

5 Carbon capture from industrial processes

5.1 Cement production

5.1.1 Post-combustion capture from cement plants

5.1.2 Oxygen enrichment and oxyfuel processes

5.1.3 Cement production from carbon capture processes

5.2 Steel production

5.3 Oil refining

5.4 Natural gas processing

5.5 Pulp and paper production

5.6 References and resources

5.6.1 References

5.6.2 Resources

6 Absorption capture systems

6.1 Chemical and physical fundamentals

6.1.1 Chemical absorption

Amine-based absorption

Aqueous carbonate-based absorption

Enzyme-catalyzed chemical absorption

Aqueous ammonia-based absorption

Sodium hydroxide-based absorption

Phase-change solvents

6.1.2 Physical absorption

6.2 Absorption capture applications

6.2.1 Chemical absorption applications

Amine-based chemical absorption

Ammonia-based chemical absorption

6.2.2 Physical absorption applications

Selexol™ process

Rectisol process

Fluor Solvent process

6.3 Absorption technology RD&amp

D status

6.3.1 Improved amine-based systems

6.3.2 Enzyme catalyzed aqueous carbonate solvent R&amp

D

6.3.3 Phase-change solvent R&amp

Bi-phasic liquid solvent R&amp

Precipitating solvent R&amp

6.3.4 Ionic liquid solvents

Task-specific ILs

Reversible ILs.

6.3.5 Solvent microencapsulation

6.3.6 Sodium hydroxide-based systems

Flue gas CO2 capture using sodium hydroxide

Direct air CO2 capture using sodium hydroxide

6.4 References and resources

6.4.1 References

6.4.2 Resources

7 Adsorption capture systems

7.1 Physical and chemical fundamentals

7.1.1 Adsorption thermodynamics

Sorption-desorption characteristics

Chemical and physical sorbents

7.1.2 Chemical sorbents

Metal oxide sorbents

Alkali metal carbonate sorbents

Supported amine sorbents

Hydrotalcites

7.1.3 Physical sorbents

Zeolites

Metal-organic frameworks

7.2 Adsorption process configurations and operating modes

7.2.1 Fixed bed adsorption systems

7.2.2 Moving bed adsorption systems

Simulated moving beds

Fluidized beds

Chemical looping

7.2.3 Temperature swing adsorption/desorption

Electric swing adsorption

7.2.4 PSA processes

Vacuum swing adsorption

High-frequency pressure cycling

7.3 Adsorption technology RD&amp

7.3.1 Advanced PSA/VSA cycles

Adsorption heat storage

7.3.2 Sorption-enhanced reactions

Sorption-enhanced WGS

Sorption-enhanced steam reforming

7.3.3 Adsorption-based direct air capture

7.3.4 Novel sorbent materials

High-temperature sorbents

Composite sorbents

7.3.5 Metal-organic frameworks

Gate opening and breathing phenomena in flexible MOFs

Phase-change functionalized MOF sorbents

7.3.6 Chemical looping RD&amp

Chemical looping combustion

CaO looping post-combustion capture

Hybrid combustion-gasification by chemical looping

7.4 References and resources

7.4.1 References

7.4.2 Resources

8 Membrane separation systems

8.1 Physical and chemical fundamentals

8.1.1 Porous membrane transport processes

Viscous capillary flow

Knudsen diffusion.

Surface diffusion and capillary condensation

Molecular sieving

8.1.2 Solution-diffusion transport process

8.1.3 Mixed matrix membranes

8.1.4 Facilitated transport membranes

8.1.5 Ion transport membranes

8.1.6 Supported liquid membranes

Molecular gate membranes

8.2 Membrane configuration and preparation, and module construction

8.2.1 Membrane types

8.2.2 Membrane module configurations

Spiral-wound modules

Hollow-fiber modules

Ceramic wafer stack modules

8.3 Membrane technology RD&amp

8.4 Membrane separation applications

8.4.1 Oxygen ion transport membranes for syngas production

8.4.2 Palladium membranes in IGCC applications

8.4.3 Membrane and molecular sieve applications in oxyfuel combustion

Molecular sieves for oxygen production

Ion transport membranes for oxygen production

8.4.4 Membrane applications in post-combustion CO2 separation

High-temperature molten carbonate membrane

Facilitated transport membranes

CMS membranes

8.4.5 Membrane applications in natural gas processing

Polymeric membranes

Polymeric facilitated transport membranes

Gas-liquid membrane contactors

8.5 References and resources

8.5.1 References

8.5.2 Resources

9 Low temperature and distillation systems

9.1 Distillation systems

9.1.1 Physical fundamentals

9.1.2 Distillation column configuration and operation

9.2 Hydrate-based capture

9.2.1 Physical fundamentals

9.2.2 Configuration and operation of hydrate separation systems

9.2.3 Integrated and hybrid hydrate separation systems

Hybrid hydrate/membrane systems

Hybrid cryogenic/hydrate systems

9.3 CO2 capture by cryogenic separation

9.3.1 Physical fundamentals

Low-temperature phase behavior of CO2

Reverse Carnot cycles

9.3.2 Pre-combustion cryogenic separation.

9.3.3 Post-combustion cryogenic separation.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

0-12-812041-X