Somali grammar / Christopher R. Green ; edited by Nicola Lampitelli, Evan Jones.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Green, Christopher Ryan, author.

Contributor:

Lampitelli, Nicola, editor.

Jones, Evan, editor.

Series:

Mouton-CASL grammar series ; v. 5.

Mouton-CASL grammar series ; volume 5

Language:

English

Somali

Subjects (All):

Somali language--Grammar.

Somali language.

Physical Description:

xxviii, 474 pages : illustrations (some colour) ; 25 cm.

Place of Publication:

Berlin ; Boston : De Gruyter Mouton, [2021]

Contents:

Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction

1.1. Background

1.2. Somali in Somalia and beyond

1.3. Classification

1.3.1. Ehret & Ali (1984)

1.3.2. Lamberti (1984, 1986)

1.3.3. Abdullahi (2000)

1.3.4. Ismail (2011, 2015)

1.4. Major Somali varieties

1.4.1. Af-Maxaad Tidhi

1.4.2. Northern Somali

1.4.2.1. Djibouti Somali

1.4.3. Central Somali

1.4.4. Benaadir Somali

1.5. Previous work on Somali

1.5.1. Theoretical literature

1.5.2. Reference and pedagogical materials

1.6. Other languages of the Somali cluster

1.6.1. Ashraaf (Marka, Shingani, Xamar)

1.6.2. Maay (Maay-Maay)

1.7. Somali in the diaspora

1.8. Data sources

1.9. Outline of this book

2. Orthography

2.1. Perso-Arabic

2.2. Cismaaniya (Osmania)

2.3. Gadabuursi

2.4. Official orthography

3. Segmental Phonology

3.1. Consonants

3.1.1. Establishing stop contrasts

3.1.1.1. /b/ - (orthographic b)

3.1.1.2. /d/ - (orthographic d)

3.1.1.3. /g/ - (orthographic g)

3.1.1.4. /th/ - (orthographic r)

3.1.1.5. /kh/ - (orthographic k)

3.1.1.6. /q/ - (orthographic q)

3.1.1.7. /d/- (orthographic dh)

3.1.1.8. /?/-(orthographic c)

3.1.1.9. /?/- (orthographic')

3.1.2. Other consonants

3.1.2.1. /tj/ - (orthographic/)

3.1.2.2. /ml - (orthographic m)

3.1.2.3. /n/ and /n/ - (orthographic n)

3.1.2.4. /f/- (orthographic f)

3.1.2.5. /s/-(orthographies)

3.1.2.6. /f/- (orthographic sh)

3.1.2.7. /x/ - (orthographic kh)

3.1.2.8. /h/-(orthographic x)

3.1.2.9. /h/ - (orthographic h)

3.1.2.10. /I/ and /r/ - (orthographic l)

3.1.2.11. /r/ and /r/ - (orthographic r)

3.1.2.12. /j/ (orthographic y)

3.1.2.13. /w/ - (orthographic w)

3.1.3. Geminate consonants

3.1.3.1. Geminate stops

3.1.3.2. Geminate sonorants

3.1.3.3. "Virtual geminates"

3.2. Vowels

3.2.1. [-ATR] short vowels - i, e, u, c, a

3.2.2. [+ATR] short vowels - i, e, w, y, æ

3.2.3. [-ATR] long vowels - ii, ee, uu, cc, aa

3.2.4. [+ATR] long vowels - ii, ee, ww, yy, ææ

3.2.5. Diphthongs

3.3. Vowel harmony

3.3.1. In the nominal system

3.3.2. In the verbal system

3.3.3. Fronting/raising harmony

3.4. Alternations

3.4.1. Epenthesis

3.4.2. Deaspiration

3.4.3. Degemination

3.4.4. Manner assimilation

3.4.5. Consonant deletion

3.4.6. Voicing

3.4.7. Spirantization

3.4.8. Vowel height alternations

3.4.9. Debuccalization

3.4.10. Assibilation

3.4.11. Palatalization

3.4.12. Metathesis

3.5. V/0 alternation

4. Syllable structure and phonotactics

4.1. Syllable structure

4.2. Word shape and size requirements

4.3. Phonotactics

4.3.1. Word-initial and intervocalic consonant distribution

4.3.2. Consonant distribution in codas

4.3.3. Syllable contact sequences

4.3.3.1. Sequences in roots

4.3.3.2. Sequences created by V/Ø alternation

4.3.3.3. Sequences in compounds and inflected forms

4.3.3.4. Sequences in borrowings

4.4. Loanword adaptation

4.4.1. Segmental repair

4.4.2. Phonotactic repair

4.5. Poetic metrics

5. Tone

5.1. Introduction

5.2. High tone assignment

5.2.1. Nouns

5.2.2. Verbs

5.2.3. Other parts of speech

5.3. Tone alternations

5.3.1. Rightward H shift

5.3.2. Premodifier H shift

5.3.3. Other alternations

5.4. Phrasal phenomena

5.4.1. Subject Marking

5.4.2. Associative High

5.4.3. Vocative High

5.5. Intonation

5.5.1. High and Low boundary tones

5.5.2. Ltone of focalization

5.5.3. Statements vs. questions

6. Nominal morphology

6.1. Gender and agreement

6.2. Class and number

6.2.1. Class 1:-d plurals

6.2.1.1. Class 1a: T singular / K plural

6.2.1.2. Class 1b: K singular / T plural

6.2.1.3. Class 1C: K singular / K plural

6.2.2. Class 2: Reduplication plurals

6.2.3. Class 3: Singular nouns ending in -e

6.2.4. Class 4: Singular nouns ending in -o

6.2.5. Irregular nouns

6.2.5.1. Nouns using Arabic pluralization strategies

6.2.5.2. `Prosodic plurals'

6.2.6. Singulatives

6.2.7. Double pluralization by -o-yaal

6.2.8. Number marking summary

6.3. Derivation

6.3.1. Noun-to-noun derivation

6.3.1.1. Abstract nouns with -nimo

6.3.1.2. Abstract nouns with -iyad

6.3.1.3. Abstract nouns with -tooyo

6.3.1.4. Antonyms with -darrd

6.3.1.5. -een

6.3.2. Deverbal nouns

6.3.2.1. -niin

6.3.2.2. -n

6.3.2.3. -asho

6.3.2.4. -itaan

6.3.2.5. -aal

6.3.2.6. Deverbal nouns with -tin

6.3.2.7. Agentive nouns with -e

6.3.2.8. Agentive nouns with -aa

6.3.2.9. Instrumental nouns with -e

6.3.2.10. Uncountable and collective nouns with -to

6.3.3. Ownership nouns with -le

6.3.3.1. Collective nouns with -ley

6.3.4. Abstract state nouns with -aan

6.3.5. Derivational morphology summary

6.4. Gerunds

6.5. Vocative marking

6.5.1. Noun vocative

6.5.2. Name vocative

6.5.3. Prosodi evocative

6.6. Associative marking

7. Verbs and verbal morphology

7.1. Stem types

7.1.1. Bare (Underived)

7.1.2. Experiencer

7.1.3. Inchoative

7.1.4. Reciprocal

7.1.5. Weak Causative

7.1.6. Factitive

7.1.7. Middle

7.1.8. Neuter

7.1.9. Strong Causative

7.1.10. Adjectival participles

7.2. Inflection

7.3. Infinitives

7.4. Auxiliary verbs

7.5. Main clause suffixing verbs

7.5.1. Realis contexts

7.5.1.1. Simple Present

7.5.1.2. Present Progressive

7.5.1.3. Simple Past

7.5.1.4. Past Progressive

7.5.1.5. Emphatic Past

7.5.2. Irrealis contexts

7.5.2.1. Simple Present Negative

7.5.2.2. Present Progressive Negative

7.5.2.3. Optative

7.5.3. Auxiliary constructions

7.5.3.1. Past Habitual

7.5.3.2. Conditional

7.5.3.3. Future

7.5.4. Other moods

7.5.4.1. Imperative

7.5.4.2. Potential

7.6. Main clause prefixing verbs

7.6.1. Realis contexts

7.6.1.1. Simple Present

7.6.1.2. Present Progressive

7.6.1.3. Simple Past

7.6.1.4. Past Progressive

7.6.1.5. Emphatic Past

7.6.2. Irrealis contexts

7.6.2.1. Simple Present Negative

7.6.2.2. Present Progressive Negative

7.6.2.3. Optative

7.6.3. Auxiliary constructions

7.6.3.1. Past Habitual

7.6.3.2. Conditional

7.6.3.3. Future

7.6.4. Other moods

7.6.4.1. Imperative

7.6.4.2. Potential

7.7. Irregular verbs

7.7.1. Realis contexts

7.7.1.1. Simple Present and Present Progressive

7.7.1.2. Simple Past and Past Progressive

7.7.2. Irrealis contexts

7.7.2.1. Simple Present Negative

7.7.2.2. Present Progressive Negative

7.7.2.3. Optative

7.7.3. Auxiliary constructions

7.7.3.1. Past Habitual

7.7.3.2. Conditional

7.7.3.3. Future

7.7.4. Other moods

7.7.4.1. Imperative

7.7.4.2. Potential

7.8. Reduced agreement

7.8.1. Prefixing and suffixing verbs

7.8.2. Irregular verbs

7.9. Subordinate clause verbs

7.9.1. Complement, adverbial, and object relative clauses

7.9.2. Suffixing verbs

7.9.3. Prefixing verbs

7.9.4. Irregular verbs

7.9.5. Subject relative clauses

7.9.6. Negation

7.10. Inflection summary

7.11. Hybrid verbs

8. Compounds

8.1. Nominal compounds

8.1.1. Noun + Noun

8.1.2. Noun + Agentive Noun

8.1.3. Noun + Ownership Noun

8.1.4. Associative Compounds

8.1.5. Noun + Deverbal Noun

8.1.6. Noun + Gerund

8.1.7. Noun + Verb

8.1.8. Noun + Adjective

8.1.9. Noun + Adposition/Adverbial + Verb

8.2. Verbal compounds

8.2.1. Object Incorporation

8.2.2. Lexicalized compounds

8.2.3. Subject incorporation

8.3. Light verb constructions

8.4. Ideophones

8.5. Phrasal verbs

9. The noun phrase

9.1. Noun categories

9.1.1. Count nouns

9.1.2. Corporate nouns

9.1.3. Uncountable nouns

9.1.3.1. Mass nouns

9.1.3.2. Collective nouns

9.1.3.3. Pluralia tantum

9.1.3.4. Summary of countable vs. uncountable nouns

9.1.4. Proper nouns

9.1.5. Color terms

9.1.6. Numerics

9.1.6.1. Cardinal numbers

9.1.6.2. Ordinal numbers

9.1.6.3. Approximate numbers

9.1.7. Ideophones

9.1.8. Independent personal pronouns

9.2. Subject marking

9.2.1. H tone loss

9.2.2. H tone loss with -i, -yi, or -u

9.2.3. Vowel alternation

9.2.4. No overt realization

9.3. Determiners

9.3.1. Possessive determiners

9.3.2. Demonstrative determiners

9.3.3. Remote definite determiner

9.3.4. Definite determiner

9.3.5. Interrogative determiner

9.4. Lexical adjectives

9.5. Associative constructions

9.5.1. Prosodic associatives

9.5.1.1. With possessive determiners

9.5.2. Suffixing associatives with -eed, -odd, -aad

9.5.2.1. With count nouns

9.5.2.2. Ordinal numbers

9.6. Attributive relative clauses

9.7. Other clitics

9.7.1. Negative -net

9.7.2. Intensifier-ba

10. The Verb Complex

10.1. The verb slot

10.2. Pronoun clitics

10.2.1. Subject pronoun clitics

10.2.2. Impersonal subject pronoun

10.2.3. First series object pronouns

10.2.4. Reflexive/reciprocal pronoun

10.3. Second series object pronouns

Contents note continued: 10.4. Deictic particles

10.4.1. Ventive soo

10.4.2. Ltive sii

10.5. Adverbial particles

10.5.1. wada

10.5.2. kala

10.6. Adpositions

10.6.1. u

10.6.2. ku

10.6.3. ka

10.6.4. la

10.7. Ad position clusters

10.7.1. Two adpositions

10.7.2. Three adpositions

10.7.3. OPC + oneadposition

10.7.4. OPC + two adpositions

10.7.5. OPC + three adpositions

10.7.6. Clusters with the ISP

10.7.7. Clusters with the RRP

10.8. Negative ma

11. Focus markers

11.1. Pre-verbal focus

11.1.1. baa

11.1.1.1. With a subject pronoun clitic

11.1.1.2. With negative aan

11.1.1.3. With interrogative ma

11.1.1.4. Coalescence with a preceding noun phrase

11.1.2. ayaa

11.1.2.1. With a subject pronoun clitic

11.1.2.2. With negative aan

11.1.2.3. With interrogative ma

11.1.2.4. With interrogative ma and negative aan

11.2. Post-verbal focus

11.2.1. With negative aan

11.2.2. With interrogative ma

11.2.3. With interrogative ma and negative aan

11.3. The subject focus condition

11.3.1. Verb inflection

11.3.2. Pronoun clitics

11.3.3. Subject marking

11.4. The object focus condition

11.4.1. Verb inflection

11.4.2. Pronoun clitics

11.4.3. Subject marking

12. Main clauses without focus marking

12.1. Declarative waa

12.1.1. waaye-weeye

12.2. Negative mo

12.3. Interrogative ma

12.4. Optative

12.5. Potential

12.6. Imperative

13. Information structure

13.1. Broad Focus

13.2. Narrow focus

13.2.1. Narrow subject focus

13.2.2. Narrow object focus

13.3. Topicalization

13.3.1. Object topicalization / Subject focus

13.3.2. Subject topicalization / Object focus

13.4. Retopicalization via right dislocation

13.4.1. Subject dislocation

13.4.2. Object dislocation

13.4.3. Word order summary

13.5. Other discourse functions of focus

13.5.1. Contrastive focus

13.5.2. Cataphoric focus

13.5.3. Narrative focus

13.6. Focusing other constituents

13.6.1. Adverbs and adverbial clauses

13.6.2. Relative clauses

13.6.3. Complement clauses

13.6.4. Reported speech

13.6.5. Coordinated phrases and clauses

13.7. Focus without focus markers

13.8. Detopicalization strategies

14. Subordination

14.1. Relative clauses

14.1.1. Headedness

14.1.2. Relative/Antecedent relationship

14.1.2.1. Subject-Subject

14.1.2.2. Object-Subject

14.1.2.3. Subject-Object

14.1.2.4. Object-Object

14.1.3. Negation

14.1.4. Restrictive vs. non-restrictive

14.1.5. Attributive relative clauses with nominal complements

14.1.5.1. With `be'

14.1.5.2. With `have'

14.1.5.3. With Mack'

14.1.5.4. With `hold, possess'

14.1.6. Attributive relative clauses with hybrid verbs

14.1.7. Indirect counting

14.2. Complement clauses

14.3. Subordinating adverbial clauses

14.3.1. Time

14.3.2. Purpose and reason

14.3.3. Concession and condition

14.3.4. Manner

14.3.5. Location

15. Coordination and other adverbials

15.1. Coordination with coordinators

15.1.1. Conjunction with iyo

15.1.2. Disjunction with ama

15.1.3. Contrastive conjunction with laaknn

15.2. Coordination with clitics

15.2.1. Conjunction with-no

15.2.2. Disjunction with -se

15.3. Coordinating relative clauses

15.3.1. Non-restrictive coordination with 00

15.3.2. Restrictive coordination with ee

15.3.3. Restrictive/Non-restrictive coordination

15.4. Coordinating larger constituents

15.4.1. With 00

15.4.2. withee

15.5. Coordinating adverbials

15.5.1. Time

15.5.2. Purpose and reason

15.5.3. Concession

15.5.4. Manner

15.6. Other adverbials

15.6.1. Time

15.6.2. Location

15.6.3. Manner

15.7. Comparatives and superlatives

16. Questions

16.1. Content questions

16.1.1. Who? / Whom? -yda, kuma/tuma

16.1.2. When? -godrma

16.1.3. Where?-xaggee, halkee, meeshee

16.1.4. What? - maxa(a)

16.1.5. Why? - maxa(a) u

16.1.6. How? -sidee

16.1.7. How much? / How many? - immisa

16.1.8. How long? / How much? / From where? - intei

16.2. Polar questions

16.2.1. Miyaa as a general question marker

16.3. Choice questions

16.3.1. With an interrogative determiner

16.3.2. With the interrogative clitic =ma

16.3.3. With mee

16.4. Tag questions

16.4.1. Misi maya - or not?

16.4.2. s(h)ow... ma aha - isn't it?

A. Appendix - Suffixing verb paradigms

A.1. Bare (underived) stems

A.2. Experiencer stems

A.3. Inchoative stems

A.4. Reciprocal stems

A.5. Weak causative stems

A.6. Factitive stems

A.7. Middle stems

A.8. Neuter stems

A.9. Strong causative stems

A.10. Weak causative & middle stems.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Other Format:

ebook version :

ISBN:

9781501511653

1501511653

OCLC:

1263810030