Energy management and energy efficiency in industry : practical examples / Durmuş Kaya, Fatma Çanka Kiliç, Hasan Hüseyin Öztürk.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Kaya, Durmuş, author.

Kiliç, Fatma Çanka, author.

Öztürk, Hasan Hüseyin, author.

Series:

Green energy and technology.

Green Energy and Technology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Industries--Energy conservation.

Industries.

Energy consumption.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (533 pages)

Place of Publication:

Cham, Switzerland : Springer, [2021]

Summary:

This book is presented to demonstrate how energy efficiency can be achieved in existing systems or in the design of a new system, as well as a guide for energy savings opportunities. Accordingly, the content of the book has been enriched with many examples applied in the industry. Thus, it is aimed to provide energy savings by successfully managing the energy in the readers' own businesses. The authors primarily present the necessary measurement techniques and measurement tools to be used for energy saving, as well as how to evaluate the methods that can be used for improvements in systems. The book also provides information on how to calculate the investments to be made for these necessary improvements and the payback periods. The book covers topics such as: * Reducing unit production costs by ensuring the reduction of energy costs, * Efficient and quality energy use, * Meeting market needs while maintaining competitive conditions, * Ensuring the protection of the environment by reducing CO2 and CO emissions with energy saving and energy efficiency, * Ensuring the correct usage of systems by carrying out energy audits. In summary, this book explains how to effectively design energy systems and manage energy to increase energy savings. In addition, the study has been strengthened by giving some case studies and their results in the fields of intensive energy consumption in industry. This book is an ideal resource for practitioners, engineers, researchers, academics, employees and investors in the fields of energy, energy management, energy efficiency and energy saving.

Contents:

Intro

Preface

Acknowledgements

Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

1 Energy

1.1 Energy

1.2 Types of Energy

1.2.1 Mechanical Energy

1.2.2 Heat Energy

1.2.3 Chemical Energy

1.3 Energy Resources

1.3.1 Fossil Energy Resources

1.3.2 Renewable Energy Resources

References

2 Energy Management

2.1 Energy Manager

2.2 Energy Management Policy

2.2.1 Goals of the Energy Management Policy

2.2.2 Characteristics of Energy Management Policy

2.3 Energy Management Program

2.4 Energy Management Method

2.5 Energy Management System

2.5.1 ISO 50001 Energy Management System

3 Energy Audit

3.1 The Aims of Energy Audit

3.2 Businesses that Need to Conduct Energy Audits

3.3 Energy Audit Levels

3.4 Energy Audit Profiles

3.5 Steps of Energy Audit

3.5.1 The Preliminary Audit

3.5.2 The Preliminary Audit Briefing

3.5.3 The Detailed Audit

3.5.4 Reporting

3.6 Energy Audit Measurements

3.7 Preparation of an Energy Audit Report

3.7.1 Purpose of the Energy Audit

3.7.2 The Energy Audit

3.7.3 Energy Audit Steps

3.7.4 The Method of the Energy Audit

3.7.5 Preparation of the Energy Audit

3.7.6 The Energy Audit Team

3.7.7 Energy Audit Instruments

3.7.8 The Energy Audit Report

3.8 Energy Audit Examples

3.8.1 Steam System

3.8.2 The Mass Balance Calculation

3.8.3 Steam Quality

3.8.4 Calculation of the Blowdown Amount in Boilers

3.8.5 Feeding Water and Properties

3.8.6 Calculation of the Steam Cost

4 Energy Efficiency

4.1 The Measures for Energy Efficiency

4.2 Definitions for Energy Efficiency

4.3 Energy Intensity

4.3.1 Primary and Final Energy Intensity

4.3.2 Average Yearly Rate of Improvement in Primary Energy Intensity (As in %)

4.3.3 Industry Energy Intensity.

4.3.4 Services Energy Intensity

4.3.5 Agriculture Energy Intensity

4.3.6 Passenger Transport Energy Intensity

4.3.7 Freight Transport Energy Intensity

4.3.8 Residential Energy Intensity

4.3.9 Energy Intensity of the Countries

4.4 Energy Use and Energy Efficiency in the World Countries

4.4.1 Overall Assessment

4.4.2 Energy Efficiency

5 Energy Performance Certificate

5.1 Energy Performance Assessment

5.2 Content of the Energy Identity Certificate

5.3 Preparation of the Energy Identity Certificate

5.4 Use of the Energy Identity Certificate

5.5 Energy Label

6 Energy Efficiency Services Sector

6.1 Energy Service Companies (ESCOs)

6.1.1 Energy Efficiency Services

6.1.2 Energy Efficiency Service Models

6.2 The Required Qualifications for the Measurements in ESCOs

7 Measurement Techniques and Instruments

7.1 Measurement Techniques

7.2 The Quantities to Be Measured

7.3 Measurement Methods

7.3.1 Direct Measurement

7.3.2 Indirect Measurement

7.3.3 Absolute Measurement

7.3.4 Comparative Measurement

7.4 The Properties of the Measurement Systems

7.4.1 Error

7.4.2 Accuracy

7.4.3 Precision

7.4.4 Repeatability

7.4.5 Measurement Uncertainty

7.4.6 Calibration

7.5 Measurement Instruments

7.5.1 Electrical Measuring Instruments

7.5.2 Force Measurement

7.5.3 Pressure Measurement

7.5.4 Flow Rate Measurement

7.5.5 Velocity Measurement

7.5.6 Temperature Measurement

7.5.7 Radiation Measurement

7.5.8 Analysis of Flue Gases

8 Fuels and Combustion

8.1 Types of Fuel

8.1.1 Fossil Fuels

8.1.2 Biofuels

8.1.3 Heating (Calorific) Value of Fuels

8.2 Combustion

8.2.1 Combustion Reaction

8.2.2 Types of Combustion

8.2.3 Incomplete Combustion Losses.

8.2.4 Calculation of Combustion

8.2.5 Flame

9 Energy Efficiency in Boilers

9.1 Boiler Selection

9.2 Determination of Boiler Efficiency

9.3 Factors Affecting Boiler Efficiency

9.3.1 Incomplete Combustion

9.3.2 Air/Fuel Ratio

9.3.3 Heat Losses from the Flue Gasses

9.3.4 Flue Gas Temperature

9.3.5 Heat Losses from the Stack

9.3.6 Fuel Type

9.3.7 Burner Type

9.3.8 Boiler Load

9.3.9 Heat Losses from Boiler Surface

9.3.10 Heater Surface Cleaning

9.4 Flue Gas Analysis

9.4.1 Oxygen

9.4.2 Carbon Dioxide

9.4.3 Carbon Monoxide

9.4.4 Sulfur Dioxide

9.4.5 Nitrogen Oxides

9.4.6 Temperature of the Flue Gas

9.4.7 Combustion Efficiency

9.5 Case Study on Energy Efficiency in Boilers

9.5.1 Steam Boiler Number 1

9.5.2 Steam Boiler Number 2

9.5.3 Heat Energy Saving

9.6 An Example of Energy Efficiency in Boiler Fans

9.6.1 Fan Fluid Power Calculation

9.6.2 Investments and Payback Periods

9.6.3 Energy Saving in Fans

9.7 Better Operation of Boilers

9.7.1 Heat Recovery from Flue Gases

9.7.2 Improvement of Liquid Fueled Boiler Efficiency

9.7.3 Improvement of Gas-Fired Boiler Efficiencies

9.7.4 Improvement of Coal-Fired Boiler Efficiencies

9.7.5 Better Operation of Boilers

10 Energy Efficiency in Furnaces

10.1 Thermal Efficiency in Furnaces and the Factors that Affecting Efficiency

10.1.1 Thermal Efficiency in Furnaces

10.1.2 Factors Affecting the Efficiency in Furnaces

10.2 Combustion in Furnaces

10.2.1 Theoretical Principles

10.2.2 Energy Equivalence

10.3 Energy Saving in Metal Melting Process

10.4 Case Study for Energy Survey in Furnaces

10.4.1 Measurement Methods and Measuring Instruments

10.4.2 Evaluation of Measurement and Calculation Results

10.4.3 Potential Saving Areas

References.

11 Energy Efficiency in Pumps

11.1 Types of Pump

11.1.1 Centrifugal Pump

11.1.2 Axial Pump

11.2 Energy Efficiency in Pump Usage

11.2.1 Efficiency in Pump Design

11.2.2 Efficiency in Pump Use

11.3 Case Study on Energy Efficiency of Pumps

11.3.1 Introduction to Measured Pumps and Systems

11.3.2 Measurement Methods and Measurement Results

11.3.3 Mechanical Measurements

11.3.4 Loading and Efficiency of Electric Motors

11.3.5 Potential Savings and Suggestions

12 Energy Efficiency in Electric Motors

12.1 Asynchronous Motors

12.2 Energy Saving in Electric Motors

12.3 Motor Load Characteristics

12.3.1 Variable Torque-Speed Characteristics Load

12.3.2 Constant Torque-Speed Characteristics Load

12.4 Driver Selection for Asynchronous Motor

12.5 High-Efficient Motor Use

12.5.1 An Example of High-Efficiency Motor Application

12.6 Using Frequency Converters in Asynchronous Motors

12.6.1 Frequency Converter

12.7 Replacement of Low Load Motors

12.8 Correction of Power Factor in Electric Motors

12.8.1 Reduction of Idle Running Time in Electric Motors

13 Energy Efficiency in Compressed Air Systems

13.1 Basic Equipment of Compressed Air Systems

13.1.1 Compressors

13.1.2 Types of Compressors

13.1.3 Compressor Control Systems

13.2 Low-Pressure Use

13.3 Prevention of Air Leaks

13.3.1 Detection of Air Leaks

13.3.2 Energy Losses Due to Air Leaks

13.4 Reduction of Compressor Outlet Pressure

13.5 Taking Compressor Suction Air from Outside

13.6 Use of Compressor Cooling Air

13.7 Compressed Air Flow Control and Energy Economy

13.8 Closing of Compressors and Main Valves

13.9 Recommendations for the Operation of Compressors

14 Energy Efficiency in Fans

14.1 Fan Laws.

14.2 Flow Control Systems and Energy Economics

14.2.1 Damper-Controlled Systems

14.2.2 Speed-Controlled Systems

14.3 Fan Selection

15 Energy Saving with Variable Speed Driver Applications

15.1 Variable Speed Drive Systems

15.1.1 Variable Frequency Drive

15.2 Application in Air-Conditioning Rooms

15.2.1 Payback Period

15.2.2 Motor Driver Use in Twisting Room

16 Energy Saving with Heat Insulation

16.1 The Aim of Heat (Thermal) Insulation

16.2 Benefits of Thermal Insulation

16.3 Heat (Thermal) Insulating Materials

16.3.1 Glass Wool

16.3.2 Rock Wool

16.3.3 Expanded Polystyrene Sheet

16.3.4 Extruded Polystyrene Sheet

16.3.5 Glass Foam

16.3.6 Calcium Silicate

16.3.7 Melamine Foam

16.3.8 PVC Foam

16.3.9 Polyethylene Foam

16.3.10 Elastomeric Rubber Foam

16.3.11 Polyurethane Foam

16.3.12 Ceramic Wool

16.3.13 Vermiculite

16.3.14 Elastomeric Rubber

16.3.15 Plastic Pipe and Sheet Insulation Materials

16.3.16 Fiber Insulation Materials

16.4 Energy Saving by Insulating Hot Surfaces

17 Waste Heat Recovery

17.1 Heat Exchangers

17.1.1 Tubular Heat Exchanger

17.1.2 Plate Heat Exchanger

17.1.3 Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger

17.2 Energy Saving in Air-Conditioning Systems

17.3 Heating of Combustion Air

17.4 Heat Recovery from Contaminated Fluid

17.5 Waste Heat Recovery Application

17.5.1 Waste Heat Saving Potential

18 Energy Efficiency in Water Heating-Distribution-Pressurizing Systems

18.1 Energy Efficiency in Water Heating Systems

18.1.1 Potable Water Temperature

18.1.2 Energy-Saving Measures

18.1.3 Selection of the Boiler

18.2 Water Distribution Systems

18.3 Water Pressurization Systems

19 Energy Efficiency in Illumination (Lighting).

19.1 Energy Saving in Lighting.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

3-030-25995-1

OCLC:

1257550004