High-pressure flows for propulsion applications / edited by Josette Bellan.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Bellan, Josette, editor.

Series:

Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics

Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics Series ; Volume 260

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Propulsion systems.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (804 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Reston, VA : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., [2020]

Summary:

High-pressure flows occur in nature, in industrial processes and in manufactured devices but not in human personal experience which is limited to atmospheric pressure. In nature, high-pressure flows are found in petroleum reservoirs, at ocean depths, and in the atmospheres of planets such as Venus. In industry, the enhanced solubility that occurs at high pressures is used to extract certain chemical species; for example, the solubility of caffeine in supercritical carbon dioxide enables production of decaffeinated coffee and tea. Manufactured devices such as diesel engines and liquid rocket engines operate at pressures well above atmospheric pressure. How mixtures of chemical species behave under high-pressure conditions is described by thermodynamics. However, because thermodynamics cannot describe flows, thermodynamics must be coupled to concepts of motion and transport in order to construct a physical description characterizing all relevant processes in high-pressure flows. The chapters in this book describe observations and modeling of high-pressure flows encountered in aeronautics and astronautics. They have been selected to present the current understanding of high-pressure flows. By editorial intent, agreement between authors on all aspects of the high-pressure field of research was not sought as it was felt that revealing where disagreement exists on specific aspects indicates where the new research opportunities are. Experimental, theoretical and numerical studies are all represented in the chapters. Fundamental investigations are presented first, followed by practical studies.

Contents:

Intro

Title page

Copyright

Table of Contents

Preface

1 Microgravity Research on Quasi-Steady and Unsteady Combustion of Fuel Droplet at High Pressures

I. INTRODUCTION

II. FUEL DROPLET EVAPORATION

III. FUEL DROPLET COMBUSTION

IV. CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

2 Laboratory Experiments of High-Pressure Fluid Drops

II. INTRODUCTION TO THERMODYNAMICS OF INTERFACES

III. EXPERIMENTAL TEST RIG: A HIGH-PRESSURE APPARATUS FOR FALLING DROPLETS

IV. OPTICAL TECHNIQUES: PROGRESS ON DROPLET CHARACTERIZATION AT HIGH PRESSURE

V. RESULTS

VI. ON THE LIMITS OF VLE FORMULATIONS

VII. CONCLUSIONS

3 Optical Diagnostics for Sprays at High Pressure

II. OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS AT HIGH PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE

III. WHITE-LIGHT IMAGING

IV. LASER IMAGING

V. TECHNIQUES THAT COULD POTENTIALLY BROADEN THE SCOPE OF MEASUREMENTS

VI. OVERVIEW

4 Supercritical Coaxial Jet Disintegration

NOMENCLATURE

SUBSCRIPTS

II. EXPERIMENTAL FACILITY

III. WORKING FLUID AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE

IV. RESULTS

V. CONCLUSIONS

5 High-Pressure Experiments Relevant to Rocket Propulsion

II. BACKGROUND AND PAST EXPERIMENTS IN MODEL ROCKET COMBUSTORS

III. MEASUREMENT AND DATA ANALYSIS OVERVIEW

IV. MODAL DECOMPOSITION METHODS

V. QUANTITATIVE OPTICAL COMPARISONS

VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

6 Forced and Unforced Shear Coaxial Mixing and Combustion at Subcritical and Supercritical Pressures

II. BACKGROUND: COAXIAL JET

III. EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES AND INSTRUMENTATION

7 Measurement of Heat Transfer in Liquid Rocket Combustors

SUPERSCRIPTS.

I. INTRODUCTION

II. HEAT-TRANSFER MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGIES

III. EXAMPLES OF HEAT-FLUX MEASUREMENTS

IV. DISCUSSION OF HEAT-FLUX MEASUREMENT APPROACHES

8 Characterization of Droplet Nucleation Inside Supercritical Ethylene Jets Using Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Technique

II. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

III. SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING

IV. DATA REDUCTION

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

VI. CONCLUSIONS

9 Empirical Fundamental Equations of State for Pure Fluids and Mixtures

II. EQUATIONS OF STATE

III. FITTING EQUATIONS OF STATE

IV. PERFORMANCE OF EQUATIONS OF STATE AND FUTURE CHALLENGES

V. CONCLUSION

10 Molecular Simulations to Research Supercritical Fuel Properties

II. MOLECULAR APPROACH FOR RESEARCHING SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS

III. MC SIMULATIONS OF THE PHASE EQUILIBRIUM DIAGRAMS OF

ALKANE/NITROGEN MIXTURES USING VARIOUS POTENTIALS

IV. MD SIMULATIONS OF AN

HEPTANE DROPLET VAPORIZING INTO NITROGEN AT VARIOUS AMBIENT TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

11 Large Eddy Simulations of High-Pressure Jets: Effect of Subgrid-Scale Modeling

II. GOVERNING EQUATIONS AND NUMERICAL METHOD

III. NUMERICAL ASPECTS

IV. CONFIGURATION, BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND INITIAL CONDITIONS

12 High Pressure Flames with Multicomponent Transport

II. NONIDEAL FLUIDS

III. BINARY MIXING LAYERS

IV. FREELY PROPAGATING PREMIXED FLAMES

V. STRAINED FLAMES

VI. TRANSCRITICAL DIFFUSION FLAMES

VII. CONCLUSION

13 Large-Eddy Simulation of Cryogenic Jet Injection at Supercritical Pressures

II. THERMODYNAMICS MODEL.

III. CRYOGENIC SINGLE-COMPONENT INJECTION AT SUPERCRITICAL PRESSURE

IV. CRYOGENIC BINARY COMPONENT INJECTION AT SUPERCRITICAL PRESSURE

14 Detailed Modeling of Supercritical Jets and Flames

II. FLUID PROPERTIES IN SUPERCRITICAL ENVIRONMENTS

III. KINETIC MODELS FOR HIGH-PRESSURE COMBUSTION

IV. METHODOLOGY FOR ROBUST AND ACCURATE SIMULATIONS OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS WITH LARGE DENSITY CONTRASTS

V. ROBUST SOLVERS FOR STIFF CHEMISTRY

VI. LES OF LOX/GH2 SHEAR-COAXIAL JET FLAME AT SUPERCRITICAL PRESSURE

15 Modeling and Simulations of High-Pressure Practical Flows

II. NUMERICAL TOOLS FOR HIGH-PRESSURE REACTING FLOW SIMULATION

III. COUPLING REAL-GAS TABULATED THERMOCHEMISTRY AND COMPRESSIBLE LES SOLVER

IV. SIMULATION OF REACTING AND NONREACTING TURBULENT FLOWS

APPENDIX A. AEXPRESSION OF THE HEAT CAPACITY AT CONSTANT PRESSURE (

APPENDIX B. 2-D CONVECTION OF A MIXTURE FRACTION POCKET [MIXT]

APPENDIX C. COUPLING THE REAL-GAS TABULATED THERMOCHEMISTRY WITH A LOW-MACH CODE

16 Large-Eddy Simulation of Liquid Injection and Combustion Processes in High-Pressure Systems

II. GOVERNING EQUATIONS AND SUBMODEL FORMULATIONS

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

APPENDIX A. THERMODYNAMIC DERIVATIVES AS FUNCTION OF COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR FOR THE CUBIC EQUATIONS OF STATE

APPENDIX B. DEPARTURE FUNCTIONS FOR CUBIC EQUATIONS OF STATE

17 Simulation of the High-Pressure Combustion Process in Diesel Engines

SUPERSCRIPT

SUBSCRIPT

II. DIESEL SPRAY MODEL

III. GOVERNING EQUATIONS FOR THE FLUID PHASE

IV. COMBUSTION MODEL.

V. CONSTANT-VOLUME COMBUSTION CHAMBER VALIDATIONS

VI. DIESEL ENGINE SIMULATIONS

VII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Index.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9781523140886

1523140887

9781624105814

1624105815

OCLC:

1147706344