Characterizing the Safety of Automated Vehicles / Juan R. Pimentel.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Pimentel, Juan R., author.

Series:

Automated Vehicle Safety Series

Automated Vehicle Safety Series ; v.1

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Automated vehicles.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xxx, 158 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Pennsylvania : SAE International, 2019.

Summary:

Safety has been ranked as the number one concern for the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles since safety has driven some of the most complex requirements in the development of self-driving vehicles. Recent fatal accidents involving self-driving vehicles have uncovered issues in the way some automated vehicle companies approach the design, testing, verification, and validation of their products. Traditionally, automotive safety follows functional safety concepts as detailed in the standard ISO 26262. However, automated driving safety goes beyond this standard and includes other safety concepts such as safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) and multi-agent safety. This book addresses the concept of safety for self-driving vehicles through the inclusion of 10 recent and highly relevent SAE technical papers. Topics that these papers feature include functional safety, SOTIF, and multi-agent safety. As the first title in a series on automated vehicle safety, each will contain introductory content by the Editor with 10 SAE technical papers specifically chosen to illuminate the specific safety topic of that book.

Contents:

Cover

Table of Contents

Introduction

FUNCIONAL SAFETY PAPERS

CHAPTER 1 The Development of Safety Cases for an Autonomous Vehicle: A Comparative Study on Different Methods

Vehicle Layout and ISO26262

Vehicle Control System and Propulsion System

ISO26262 Road Vehicle Functional Safety Standard

Failure Model and Effects Analysis Method

Goal Structuring Notation Method

Safety Case Development

Case Study

Conclusions

Contact Information

Acknowledgments

Definitions/Abbreviations

References

CHAPTER 2 A Means of Assessing the Entire Functional Safety Hazard Space

Background

Related Work

Overview of Hazard Space Analysis (HSA)

HSA Notation Format

Generation of Hazard Space

Partitioning of a Single-Caused Hazard Space

Safety Rules from Hazard Scenarios

Aviation Safety Example

Managing a Large Hazard Space

Risk Assessment

Safety Requirements

Discussion and Limitations

Conclusion

CHAPTER 3 A Model-Driven Approach for Dependent Failure Analysis in Consideration of Multicore Processors Using Modified EAST-ADL

Description of the Approach

Approach of System and Safety Modeling

Approach of DFA-Analysis

A. Necessary Developments of EAST-ADL for the DFA Analysis

B. Description of DFA-Analysis and Safety Analysis

C. Use-Case and Reports

CHAPTER 4 An Analysis of ISO 26262: Machine Learning and Safety in Automotive Software

ISO 26262

Machine Learning

Non-Transparency

Error Rate

Training-Based

Instability

Analysis of ISO 26262

Identifying Hazards

Recommendations for ISO 26262

Faults and Failure Modes

Recommendations for ISO 26262.

Specification and Verification

Level of ML Usage

Required Software Techniques

Summary and Conclusion

Fault and Failure Modes

Specification and Verification

The Level of ML Usage

Acknowledgment

SOTIF PAPERS

CHAPTER 5 Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment beyond ISO 26262: Management of Complexity via Restructuring of Risk-Generating Process

SOTIF HARA and State Space Explosion

HARA Composition

Hazards

Use Cases

HARA and the Hidden Semi-Markov Chain

Restructuring of Risk-Generating Process

Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) Example

Markov Chain Solution

Regions of the Transition Matrix

Is There Another Way to Do It?

Summary

Outlook

CHAPTER 6 The Science of Testing: An Automotive Perspective

Understanding Scenarios

Types of Testing

Methodology

Participants

Interview Questions Design

Data Analysis

First Cycle Coding

Second Cycle Coding and Category Identification

Results

Discussion

MULTI -AGENT SAFETY PAPERS

CHAPTER 7 Theory of Collision Avoidance Capability in Automated Driving Technologies

Definition of Normal Driving

Requisite Sensing Range

Operational Design Domain

Formulation of Collision Avoidance in the Semantic Level

Candidate Path Matrix

Collision Avoidance by Lane Selection

Timing Tensor

Collision Avoidance Equation

Collision Avoidance in Normal Driving

Preparation and Response to Hazard.

Preparation and Response to Cognitive Hazard

Preparation and Response to Behavioral Hazard

Behavior Analysis in Extreme Traffic Situations/Hazards

Stability of Extreme Condition

Trace-Back of Traffic Environment and Stability

Summary of Forward and Backward Analysis

Summary/Conclusion

CHAPTER 8 A Lane-Changing Decision-Making Method for Intelligent Vehicle Based on Acceleration Field

Acceleration Field

Braking Safety Distance Model

Acceleration Field for Intention Generating

Acceleration Field for Feasibility Judgement

Complete Acceleration Field

Basic Lane-Changing Decision-Making Method

Braking Decision-Making Method

Lane-Changing Assumptions and Simplifications

Analysis of Lane-Changing Process

Decision-Making Method

Extended Lane-Changing Decision-Making Method

Inspection on Rear Side Traffic Vehicle

Extended Method with Velocity Regulation

Simulation with Polynomial Trajectory Planning

CHAPTER 9 Entropy in Reaction Space - Upgrade of Time-to-Collision Quantity

Definition of Reaction Space

Interactions and Entropy

Application Examples

CHAPTER 10 A Maneuver-Based Threat Assessment Strategy for Collision Avoidance

Strategy Structure

Maneuver-Based Trajectory Prediction Model

Maneuver Recognition with GMHMM

Trajectory Prediction

Collision Prediction Model

Threat Quantifying

Simulation Results

Epilogue.

Notes:

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (SAE International, viewed March 15, 2023).

ISBN:

9781523140367

1523140364

9780768002140

0768002141

9780768002126

0768002125

OCLC:

1145339960