Engine Combustion : Pressure Measurement and Analysis.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Rogers, David R.

Language:

English

Physical Description:

1 online resource (344 pages)

Edition:

2nd ed.

Other Title:

Engine Combustion - Pressure Measurement and Analysis

Engine Combustion

Place of Publication:

Warrendale : SAE International, 2021.

Summary:

Engine Combustion: Pressure Measurement and Analysis, 2E provides practical information on measuring, analyzing, and qualifying combustion data, as well as details on hardware and software requirements and system components. Describing the principles of a successful combustion measurement process, the book will enable technicians and engineers to efficiently generate the required data to complete their development tasks. The revised edition has been updated with color photos and a fresh modern format has been adapted enhancing the readability of the book. As with the original printing, Engine Combustion: Pressure Measurement and Analysis, 2E is a comprehensive handbook for technicians and engineers involved in engine testing and development, and a valuable reference for scientists and students who wish to understand combustion measurement processes and techniques.

Contents:

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

CHAPTER 1 A Brief History of Engine Indicators

1.1 Early Engine Indicators

1.1.1 The First Indicators

1.1.2 Early Developments in Indicator Technology

1.1.3 Further Developments in Indicator Technology

1.1.4 Analysis of Indicator Diagrams

1.2 The Electronic Age

1.2.1 Oscilloscope Recording

1.2.2 Digital Systems

1.3 A Typical Measurement System

1.3.1 Complete System Components

Further Information

CHAPTER 2 The Measurement Chain: Encoders

2.1 The Angle Encoder

2.1.1 Basic Function

2.1.2 Required Resolution

2.1.3 Encoder Output Signals

2.1.4 Encoder Types

2.1.4.1 Standard-Closed Encoder

2.1.4.2 Open Encoders

2.1.5 Processing an Existing Encoder Signal

CHAPTER 3 The Measurement Chain: Combustion Pressure Transducers

3.1 Cylinder Pressure Transducers

3.1.1 Introduction

3.1.2 Piezoelectric Pressure Transducers for Engine Combustion Measurement

3.1.2.1 Introduction

3.1.2.2 Crystal Materials Used

3.1.2.3 Transducer Construction and Types

Cooled Type.

Uncooled Type.

3.1.2.4 Piezoelectric Transducer Properties

Introduction.

Environment Effects.

Transducer Properties and Specifications.

Transducer Thermodynamic Properties.

Summary: Transducer Design.

3.1.2.5 Transducer Installation and Adaptors

Intrusive Mounting.

Transducer Mounting Considerations and ­Positions.

Installation of Mounting Bores.

Nonintrusive Mounting.

Spark Plug Adaptors.

Glow Plug Adaptors.

3.1.2.6 Transducer Selection and Applications

Requirements of the Application.

Categories of Transducers.

Selection of Transducers for Common Applications.

CHAPTER 4 The Measurement Chain: Additional and Alternative Transducers.

4.1 Alternatives to Piezoelectric Sensors for Cylinder Pressure Sensing

4.1.1 Introduction

4.1.2 Piezoresistive

4.1.3 Optical

4.1.4 Ion Current

4.2 Other Transducer and Signals for Combustion Measurement Applications

4.2.1 Introduction

4.2.2 Ignition Signals

4.2.3 Line Pressure

4.2.4 Needle Lift

4.2.5 Valve Lift

4.2.6 Exhaust and Inlet Pressure

CHAPTER 5 The Measurement Chain: Measurement Hardware

5.1 Signal Conditioning

5.1.1 Introduction

5.1.2 Piezoelectric Signals-The Charge Amplifier

5.1.2.1 Basic Function and Operation

5.1.2.2 Time Constant

5.1.2.3 Drift and Drift Compensation

5.1.2.4 Cabling and Interfaces to the Charge Amplifier

5.1.3 Analogue Signals

5.1.4 Other Amplifiers

5.1.4.1 Ignition Timing Amplifier

5.1.4.2 Carrier-Frequency Amplifier

5.1.5 Intelligent Amplifiers

5.1.5.1 Introduction

5.1.5.2 Sensor Recognition

TEDS.

5.1.5.3 Extended Functions for Monitoring and Measurement

PMax Monitoring.

Additional Evaluation Possibilities for Intelligent Amplifiers.

5.1.6 Summary-Signal Conditioning

5.2 Measurement Hardware-The Data Acquisition and ­Measurement System

5.2.1 Introduction and Overview

5.2.2 Operating Requirements

5.2.3 System Interfaces

5.2.3.1 Angle Encoder

5.2.3.2 Operator Interface

5.2.3.3 Analogue Inputs and Outputs

5.2.3.4 Digital Inputs and Outputs

5.2.4 A Typical System

CHAPTER 6 The Measurement Chain: Measurement System Software

6.1 Software-The User Interface

6.1.1 Introduction

6.1.2 User Interface

6.1.2.1 Parameterization

6.1.2.2 Display of Data

6.1.2.3 Data Management

6.2 Features and Operating Modes

6.2.1 Standard Measurement Operations

6.2.2 Special Measurement Modes

6.2.3 Other Applications

6.3 Software Interfaces

6.3.1 Remote System.

6.3.2 Interface to the Engine Electronics Systems

6.3.3 CAN (Controller Area Network)

6.4 Calculations and Results

6.4.1 Introduction

6.4.2 Real-Time Results

6.4.3 User-Defined Results

6.4.4 Future Developments

6.5 Postprocessing and Data ­Management

6.5.1 Introduction

6.5.2 Basic Requirements for Data Format and Export

6.5.3 Requirements for Engine and System Parameters

6.5.4 Typical Environment

CHAPTER 7 Applications

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Measurement Chain Properties

7.2.1 Introduction and Overview

7.2.2 Special Considerations for Combustion Measurement Instrumentation

Measurement in the Angle Domain

Angle Encoders

Pressure Measurement

Signal Conditioning

Measurement Hardware

External Interfaces for Control and Data Transfer

7.3 Zero-level Correction, or Pegging

7.3.1 Introduction

7.3.2 Fixed Point and Reference Value

7.3.3 Fixed Point and Measured Value

7.3.4 Thermodynamic

7.3.5 Alternative Methods via Post Processing

7.3.6 General Comments

7.4 TDC Measurement

7.4.1 Introduction

7.4.2 Methods

7.4.2.1 Static Determination

7.4.2.2 Pressure Curve Determination

AVL.

FEV.

D2T.

General Comment-Motored Curve Method.

7.4.2.3 Capacitive Probe

7.4.3 Comparison and Discussion of the Methods

7.4.4 General Considerations

7.5 Thermodynamic Analysis

7.5.1 Introduction

7.5.2 Basic Principles and Early Work

7.5.3 Methods for Real-Time Analysis

7.5.4 Further Discussion-Offline Analysis

7.5.4.1 Wiebe Function

7.5.5 General Comments

7.6 Low Pressure Measurement and Gas Exchange Analysis

7.6.1 Introduction

7.6.2 Measurement Task and Goal

7.6.3 Typical Measurement Setup

7.6.4 Measurement and Analysis

7.6.5 Summary

CHAPTER 8 Abnormal Combustion Measurement and Evaluation.

8.1 Combustion Knock and Abnormal Combustion (SI Engines)

8.1.1 Introduction

8.1.2 What Are Abnormal Combustion and Knock?

8.1.3 Why Is Knock Important?

8.1.4 Knock Measurement and Analysis

8.1.4.1 Knock Measurement Techniques

8.1.4.2 Knock Detection via Cylinder Pressure Measurements

Frequency of Knock.

Signal Processing.

Filtering.

Acquisition Frequency.

Acquisition Window.

Calculation of Knock Overpressure.

8.1.4.3 Further Processing and Calculation Methods

Knock Pressure Peak and Knock Intensity.

AVL Real Time.

FEV CAS.

AVL KI (Knock Index).

AVL Transient/VDO.

AVL Histogram.

Third Derivative.

8.1.4.4 Considerations for Knock Measurements

Transducer Position, Type, and Properties.

Measurement Range and Resolution.

Measurement System Setup.

8.1.4.5 Summary

8.2 Combustion Noise

8.2.1 Introduction

8.2.2 What Is Combustion Noise?

8.2.3 Measuring Combustion Noise

Signal Processing and Calculation

Filters Used in the Calculation.

8.2.4 Summary

8.3 Cold Start

8.3.1 Introduction

8.3.2 What Is a Cold Start Measurement?

8.3.3 Typical System Configuration and Results

8.3.3.1 Preconditions Prior to Measurement

8.3.3.2 Executing the Measurement

8.3.3.3 Data Visualization and Processing

8.3.4 Summary

CHAPTER 9 Successful Measurements

9.1 Problems and Errors

9.1.1 Introduction

9.1.2 Typical Sources of Error

9.1.2.1 Transducer

9.1.2.2 Cabling

9.1.2.3 Encoder

9.1.2.4 Amplifier

9.1.2.5 Measurement Device

9.1.2.6 Summary

9.2 Successful Setup and Diagnostics

9.2.1 Basic Setup

9.2.2 System Prechecks

9.2.2.1 Introduction

9.2.3 Diagnostic and Reference Measurements

9.3 Software and Data Handling

9.3.1 Introduction

9.3.2 Measured Data Requirements.

9.3.3 Plausibility Checks and Data Validation

9.3.4 Best Practice and Summary

9.4 Hardware Handling and Maintenance

9.4.1 Introduction

9.4.2 Measurement Hardware and System

9.4.3 Engine-Mounted Equipment: Encoder

9.4.4 Engine-Mounted Equipment: Transducers

9.4.4.1 Introduction

9.4.4.2 Installation and Handling

9.4.4.3 Maintenance and Repair

9.4.4.4 Calibration

9.5 Summary

CHAPTER 10 Specification and Integration into the Test Environment

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Technical Considerations-­Features and Functions

10.2.1 Introduction

10.2.2 Typical Systems and Applications

10.2.2.1 Low-End System

10.2.2.2 Mid-Range System

10.2.2.3 High-End System

10.3 Interfaces to Additional ­Equipment

10.3.1 Introduction

10.3.2 Interfaces-Measurement Chain Components

10.3.2.1 Angle Encoder to Measurement System

10.3.2.2 Transducer to Charge Amplifier

10.3.2.3 Charge Amplifier to Measurement System

10.3.3 Interfaces-Data Transfer and Control

10.3.3.1 Digital Control and Data Transfer Interface

10.3.3.2 Analogue and Digital Hybrid Interface

Bibliography

References

About the Author

Index.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9781523140589

1523140585

9781468603217

1468603213

OCLC:

1263184681