Cyberspace in peace and war / Martin C. Libicki.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Libicki, Martin C., author.

Series:

Transforming war

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Cyberspace operations (Military science).

Cyberspace--Security measures.

Cyberspace.

Cyberterrorism--Prevention.

Cyberterrorism.

Information warfare.

Computer security.

Physical Description:

xvi, 492 pages : illustrations (black and white) ; 27 cm.

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Annapolis, Maryland : Naval Institute Press, [2021]

Summary:

"This updated and expanded edition of Cyberspace in Peace and War by Martin C. Libicki presents a comprehensive understanding of cybersecurity, cyberwar, and cyber-terrorism"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Emblematic Attacks

Prototypical Events

Cybercrime And Other System Intrusions

Advanced Persistent Threat

Distributed Denial-Of-Service Attacks

Disruptive And Destructive Attacks

Doxing Attacks

Conclusions

ch. 2 Some Basic Principles

Cyberwar And Cyberspace

Layers

How Hacks Work

Agoras And Castles

Most Cyberattacks Have Transitory Effects

ch. 3 How To Compromise A Computer

Abuses By Random External Users

Abuses By Authorized Internal Users

Altered Instructions Via Supply-Chain Attack

Malware

ch. 4 Cybersecurity As A Systems Problem

Applications Are Often The Weak Links In The Security Chain

The Role Of Input Filtering

The Role Of Browsers And Operating Systems

The Role Of People

The Role Of Cryptography

A Role For Firewalls?

The Role Of Air-Gapping

Relationships Among Machines, Systems, And Engineering

Cybersecurity As A Business Process Problem

Measures And Countermeasures

Lessons From The OPM Hack

ch. 5 Defending Against Deep And Wide Attacks

Deep Attacks

Identifying Near-Catastrophes To Get Ahead Of Catastrophes

Hedging To Deal With Exceptions To The Power-Law Rule

Attacks Of Broad Consequence

Scalability Influences How Well A Near-Catastrophe Predicts A Catastrophe

Implications For Learning

Is Information Sharing A Panacea?

ch. 6 Deterrence By Denial

What Is Being Discouraged?

Complicating Psychological Factors

Dissuading Cyberattack By Defeating Its Strategy

Is Deterrence By Denial Transferable?

ch. 7 Tactical Cyberwar

Possible Effects

Timing Cyberattacks

The Role Of Surprise

A Tactical Cyberwar Scenario

Would China Use Tactical Cyberwar The Same Way?

Why Supremacy Is Meaningless And Superiority Unnecessary

ch. 8 Organizing A Cyberwar Campaign

Why A Campaign?

Whose Campaign?

The Challenge Of Skepticism Over The Potential Of Tactical Cyberwar

The Insertion Of Tactical Cyberwar Into Kinetic Operations

Escalation And Tactical Cyberwar

ch. 9 Professionalizing Cyberwar

Battle Damage Assessment

Collateral Damage

Other Weaponization Parameters

Should Cyberwar Authority Be Predelegated?

A Hacker Way Of Warfare

Programming And Budgeting For Cyberwar

ch. 10 Is Cyberspace A Warfighting Domain?

Cyberwar Operations Are About Usurping Command And Control

Cyberspace As Multiple Media

Defend The Domain Or Ensure Missions?

Offensive Operations

Cyberspace As A Warfighting Domain And DDOS Attacks

Other Errors From Calling Cyberspace A Warfighting Domain

No Domain, No Cyber Equivalent Of Billy Mitchell

ch. 11 Strategic Implications Of Tactical Cyberwar

Influencing Others Against Digitization

Cyberattacks And The Correlation Of Forces

The Challenge Of Alliance Defense In Cyberspace

ch. 12 Stability Implications Of Tactical Cyberwar

Attack Wins

Getting The Jump Wins

The Risks Of Acting Are Reduced

The Risks Of Not Acting Are Increased

A Missing Element Of Caution

A Quick Comparison To Nuclear Weapons

Do Cyberattack Options Reduce Violence?

ch. 13 Strategic Cyberwar

Strategic Cyberwar May Focus On Power Grids And Banks

How Coercive Can A Strategic Cyberwar Campaign Be?

The Conduct Of Strategic Cyberwar

Indications And Warnings

A Cyber SIOP?

Keeping Targets In Reserve

Terminating Cyberwar

ch. 14 Cyberwar Threats As Deterrence And Compulsion

The Anger/Fear Balance

The Difficulty Of Evaluating A Coercive Campaign

A Stalling Strategy For Compulsion

A Deterrence Response Window

ch. 15 The Unexpected Asymmetry Of Cyberwar

The Third World Disadvantage

The Particular U.S. Advantage

Was This All An Exercise In Nostalgia?

A Silver Lining Arising From Kerckhoffs's Principle

The Influence Of Third Parties On The Balance Of Power In Cyberspace

ch. 16 Responding To Cyberattack

First-Strike Cyberattacks May Have A Variety Of Motives

What Looks Like An Unprovoked Cyberattack May Not Be

Should The Target Reveal The Cyberattack-and When?

A Delayed Response

Responding Without Force

Economic Responses

Sanctions Until The Behavior Ends

The Perils Of An Easy Response

Sub-Rosa Cyberwar

A Drawback To Any Response

How Will The Attacker Respond To Retaliation?

ch. 17 Deterrence Fundamentals

Cyberdeterrence Differs From Nuclear And Criminal Deterrence

The Rationale For Deterrence

What Makes Deterrence Work?

The Core Message Of Deterrence

Tailored Deterrence

The Problematic Nature Of Cyberdeterrence

ch. 18 The Will To Retaliate

The Risks Of Reprisals

Third-Party Cyberattacks

Retaliation May Be Stymied By Bigger Issues On The Table

Credibility May Not Be Easy To Establish

The Signals Associated With Carrying Out Reprisals May Get Lost In The Noise

The Impact Of Good Defenses On Credibility Is Mixed

Can Extended Deterrence Work In Cyberspace?

A Baltic Cyberspace Alliance?

ch. 19 Attribution

What Will Convince Others Of Your Attribution?

How Good Would Attribution Be?

What Could Make Attribution So Hard?

When Attribution Seems To Work

When Can Countries Be Blamed For What Starts Within Their Borders?

Why Credibility Makes Attribution An Issue

Will The Attacker Always Avoid Attribution?

Why An Attacker May Favor Ambiguous Attribution Over None At All

What Should Be Revealed About Attribution?

Attribution In A Post-Truth World

Conclusion

ch. 20 What Threshold For Response?

A Zero Tolerance Policy?

Non-Zero Thresholds

Did Not Petya Cross What Would Be A Reasonable Threshold?

Should Pulled Or Failed Punches Merit Retaliation?

Compulsion Versus Deterrence

Threshold Issues Complicate Retaliating Against Cyberespionage

ch. 21 A Deterministic Posture

Advantages Of Determinism

Advantages Of A Probabilistic Deterrence Posture

The Choice To Retaliate Under Uncertainty

ch. 22 Punishment And Holding Targets At Risk

The Lack Of Good Targets For Intradomain Deterrence

The Temptations Of Cross-Domain Deterrence

Will Targets Actually Hit Back At All?

Can Secondary Deterrence Address The Problems Of Primary Deterrence?

Persistent Engagement Qua Deterrence

Summary Observations On Cyberdeterrence

ch. 23 Cyberwar Escalation

The Purpose And Risks Of Escalation

Escalation In Strategic Cyberwar

The Difficulties Of Tit-For-Tat Management

Escalation Into Kinetic Warfare

Escalation Risks From Proxy Cyberwar

Proxy Cyberattacks

ch. 24 Brandishing Cyberattack Capabilities

What Brandishing Is

Your Power Or Their Powerlessness?

How To Brandish Cyberattack Capabilities

Brandishing Implants

Escalation Dominance And Brandishing

Counter-Brandishing

Caveats And Cautions

ch. 25 Narratives And Signals

Narratives To Facilitate Crisis Control

A Narrative Framework For Cyberspace

Narratives As Morality Plays

Narratives To Walk Back A Crisis

Narrative, Attribution, And Response

Signaling

What Can We Say With Signals That Would Come As News To Others?

Ambiguity In Signaling

Why Narratives Matter To Signals

ch. 26 Cyberattack Inferences From Cyberespionage

Inferring Cyberattacks From Cyberespionage

Inferences From The Fact Of Cyberespionage Alone

How To Continue With Cyberespionage With Less Risk

Stick With Attacks On Offensive Systems?

The Defender's Options

Deliberate Signaling, Both Friendly And Hostile

ch. 27 Strategic Stability

Would Nuclear Dilemmas Echo In Cyberspace?

Misperception As A Source Of Crisis

Excessive Confidence In Attribution Or Preemption

Can There Be A Cuban Missile Crisis In Cyberspace?

ch. 28 Norms For Cyberspace

Unilateral Red Lines And Multilateral Norms

Red Lines Versus Norms

The Criminalization Of Hacking

Norms On Attribution

Arms Control

Normalization

Law Of Armed Conflict: Jus In Bello

Law Of Armed Conflict: Jus Ad Bellum

From The Tallinn Manual To Las Vegas Rules

What The Tallinn Manual Says

Viva Las Vegas

But Not So Fast

Why Not Las Vegas Rules For Outer Space As Well?

ch. 29 The Rocky Road To Cyberespionage Norms

Norms Against Economically Motivated Cyberespionage

The Cybercrime Markets Norm

The No-Political-Doxing Norm

Prohibiting Certain Targets To Prohibit Unwelcome Uses Of Purloined Information

Cyberespionage Against Critical Infrastructure

Getting To Norms

ch. 30 Sino-American Relations And Norms In Cyberspace

The United States Advocates Its Norms

Can We Trade?

The Deal That Was Struck

ch. 31 The Enigma Of Russian Behavior In Cyberspace

The Early Years

After Maidan

What Happened To Cyberwar In The Russo-Ukraine Conflict?

Cyberattacks To Support Narratives

ch. 32 Cybersecurity Futures

Better Offense

A Larger Attack Surface

Better Defense

Artificial Intelligence

A Three Mile Island In Cyberspace

ch. 33 Cyberwar: What Is It Good For?.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Other Format:

Online version: Libicki, Martin C. Cyberspace in peace and war

ISBN:

9781682475867

1682475867

OCLC:

1256588151