Fracture mechanics : fundamentals and applications / T.L. Anderson.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Anderson, T. L. (Ted L.), 1957- author.

Contributor:

ProQuest ebook central.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Fracture mechanics.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xvii, 661 pages) : illustrations (some color

Edition:

Fourth edition.

Place of Publication:

Boca Raton : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, [2017]

System Details:

text file

Contents:

Machine generated contents note: 1.History and Overview

1.1.Why Structures Fail

1.2.Historical Perspective

1.2.1.Early Fracture Research

1.2.2.The Liberty Ships

1.2.3.Postwar Fracture Mechanics Research

1.2.4.Fracture Mechanics from 1960 through 1980

1.2.5.Fracture Mechanics from 1980 to the Present

1.3.The Fracture Mechanics Approach to Design

1.3.1.The Energy Criterion

1.3.2.The Stress Intensity Approach

1.3.3.Time-Dependent Crack Growth and Damage Tolerance

1.4.Effect of Material Properties on Fracture

1.5.A Brief Review of Dimensional Analysis

1.5.1.The Buckingham II Theorem

1.5.2.Dimensional Analysis in Fracture Mechanics

References

2.Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics

2.1.An Atomic View of Fracture

2.2.Stress Concentration Effect of Flaws

2.3.The Griffith Energy Balance

2.3.1.Comparison with the Critical Stress Criterion

2.3.2.Modified Griffith Equation

2.4.Energy Release Rate

Note continued: 2.5.Instability and the R Curve

2.5.1.Reasons for the R Curve Shape

2.5.2.Load Control versus Displacement Control

2.5.3.Structures with Finite Compliance

2.6.Stress Analysis of Cracks

2.6.1.The Stress Intensity Factor

2.6.2.Relationship between K and Global Behavior

2.6.3.Effect of Finite Size

2.6.4.Principle of Superposition

2.6.5.Weight Functions

2.7.Relationship between K and

2.8.Crack Tip Plasticity

2.8.1.The Irwin Approach

2.8.2.The Strip Yield Model

2.8.3.Comparison of Plastic Zone Corrections

2.8.4.Plastic Zone Shape

2.9.K-Controlled Fracture

2.10.Plane Strain Fracture: Fact versus Fiction

2.10.1.Crack Tip Triaxiality

2.10.2.Effect of Thickness on Apparent Fracture Toughness

2.10.3.Plastic Zone Effects

2.10.4.Implications for Cracks in Structures

2.11.Mixed-Mode Fracture

2.11.1.Propagation of an Angled Crack

2.11.2.Equivalent Mode I Crack

2.11.3.Biaxial Loading

Note continued: 2.12.Interaction of Multiple Cracks

2.12.1.Coplanar Cracks

2.12.2.Parallel Cracks

Appendix 2A: Mathematical Foundations of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics: Selected Results

3.Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics

3.1.Crack Tip Opening Displacement

3.2.The J Contour Integral

3.2.1.Nonlinear Energy Release Rate

3.2.2.J as a Path-Independent Line Integral

3.2.3.J as a Stress Intensity Parameter

3.2.4.The Large-Strain Zone

3.2.5.Laboratory Measurement of J

3.3.Relationships between J and CTOD

3.4.Crack Growth Resistance Curves

3.4.1.Stable and Unstable Crack Growth

3.4.2.Computing J for a Growing Crack

3.5.J-Controlled Fracture

3.5.1.Stationary Cracks

3.5.2.J-Controlled Crack Growth

3.6.Crack Tip Constraint under Large-Scale Yielding

3.6.1.The Elastic T Stress

3.6.2.J-Q Theory

3.6.2.1.The J-Q Toughness Locus

3.6.2.2.Effect of Failure Mechanism on the J-Q Locus

Note continued: 3.6.3.Scaling Model for Cleavage Fracture

3.6.3.1.Failure Criterion

3.6.3.2.The Jo Parameter

3.6.3.3.Three-Dimensional Effects

3.6.3.4.Application of the Model

3.6.4.Limitations of Two-Parameter Fracture Mechanics

Appendix 3A: Mathematical Foundations of Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics: Selected Results

4.Dynamic and Time-Dependent Fracture

4.1.Dynamic Fracture and Crack Arrest

4.1.1.Rapid Loading of a Stationary Crack

4.1.2.Rapid Crack Propagation and Arrest

4.1.2.1.Crack Speed

4.1.2.2.Elastodynamic Crack Tip Parameters

4.1.2.3.Dynamic Toughness

4.1.2.4.Crack Arrest

4.1.3.Dynamic Contour Integrals

4.2.Creep Crack Growth

4.2.1.The C Integral

4.2.2.Short-Time versus Long-Time Behavior

4.2.2.1.The Ct Parameter

4.2.2.2.Primary Creep

4.3.Viscoelastic Fracture Mechanics

4.3.1.Linear Viscoelasticity

4.3.2.The Viscoelastic J Integral

4.3.2.1.Constitutive Equations

Note continued: 4.3.2.2.Correspondence Principle

4.3.2.3.Generalized J Integral

4.3.2.4.Crack Initiation and Growth

4.3.3.Transition from Linear to Nonlinear Behavior

Appendix 4A: Dynamic Fracture Analysis: Selected Results

5.Fracture Mechanisms in Metals

5.1.Ductile Fracture

5.1.1.Void Nucleation

5.1.2.Void Growth and Coalescence

5.1.3.Ductile Crack Growth

5.2.Cleavage

5.2.1.Fractography

5.2.2.Mechanisms of Cleavage Initiation

5.2.3.Mathematical Models of Cleavage Fracture Toughness

5.3.The Ductile-Brittle Transition

5.4.Intergranular Fracture

Appendix 5A: Statistical Modeling of Cleavage Fracture

6.Fracture Mechanisms in Nonmetals

6.1.Engineering Plastics

6.1.1.Structure and Properties of Polymers

6.1.1.1.Molecular Weight

6.1.1.2.Molecular Structure

6.1.1.3.Crystalline and Amorphous Polymers

6.1.1.4.Viscoelastic Behavior

6.1.1.5.Mechanical Analogs

Note continued: 6.1.2.Yielding and Fracture in Polymers

6.1.2.1.Chain Scission and Disentanglement

6.1.2.2.Shear Yielding and Crazing

6.1.2.3.Crack Tip Behavior

6.1.2.4.Rubber Toughening

6.1.2.5.Fatigue

6.1.3.Fiber-Reinforced Plastics

6.1.3.1.An Overview of the Failure Mechanisms

6.1.3.2.Delamination

6.1.3.3.Compressive Failure

6.1.3.4.Notch Strength

6.1.3.5.Fatigue Damage

6.2.Ceramics and Ceramic Composites

6.2.1.Microcrack Toughening

6.2.2.Transformation Toughening

6.2.3.Ductile Phase Toughening

6.2.4.Fiber and Whisker Toughening

6.3.Concrete and Rock

7.Fracture Toughness Testing of Metals

7.1.General Considerations

7.1.1.Specimen Configurations

7.1.2.Specimen Orientation

7.1.3.Fatigue Precracking

7.1.4.Instrumentation

7.1.5.Side Grooving

7.2.KIc Testing

7.2.1.ASTM E399

7.2.2.Limitations of E399 and Similar Standards

7.3.K-R Curve Testing

7.3.1.Specimen Design

Note continued: 7.3.2.Experimental Measurement of K-R Curves

7.4.J Testing of Metals

7.4.1.The Basic Test Procedure and JIc Measurements

7.4.2.J-R Curve Testing

7.4.3.Critical J Values for Unstable Fracture

7.5.CTOD Testing

7.6.Dynamic and Crack Arrest Toughness

7.6.1.Rapid Loading in Fracture Testing

7.6.2.KIa Measurements

7.7.Fracture Testing of Weldments

7.7.1.Specimen Design and Fabrication

7.7.2.Notch Location and Orientation

7.7.3.Fatigue Precracking

7.7.4.Post-Test Analysis

7.8.Testing and Analysis of Steels in the Ductile-Brittle Transition Region

7.9.Component Fracture Tests

7.9.1.Surface Crack Plate Specimens

7.9.2.SENT Specimens

7.10.Qualitative Toughness Tests

7.10.1.Charpy and Izod Impact Test

7.10.2.Drop Weight Test

7.10.3.Drop Weight Tear and Dynamic Tear Tests

Appendix 7: Stress Intensity, Compliance, and Limit Load Solutions for Laboratory Specimens

References

Note continued: 8.Fracture Testing of Nonmetals

8.1.Fracture Toughness Measurements in Engineering Plastics

8.1.1.The Suitability of K and J for Polymers

8.1.1.1.K-Controlled Fracture

8.1.1.2.]-Controlled Fracture

8.1.2.Precracking and Other Practical Matters

8.1.3.KIc Testing

8.1.4.J Testing

8.1.5.Experimental Estimates of Time-Dependent Fracture Parameters

8.1.6.Qualitative Fracture Tests on Plastics

8.2.Interlaminar Toughness of Composites

8.3.Ceramics

8.3.1.Chevron-Notched Specimens

8.3.2.Bend Specimens Precracked by Bridge Indentation

9.Application to Structures

9.1.Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics

9.1.1.KI for Part-Through Cracks

9.1.2.Influence Coefficients for Polynomial Stress Distributions

9.1.3.Weight Functions for Arbitrary Loading

9.1.4.Primary, Secondary, and Residual Stresses

9.1.5.A Warning about LEFM

9.2.The CTOD Design Curve

9.3.Elastic-Plastic J-Integral Analysis

Note continued: 9.3.1.The EPRI J-Estimation Procedure

9.3.1.1.Theoretical Background

9.3.1.2.Estimation Equations

9.3.1.3.Comparison with Experimental J Estimates

9.3.2.The Reference Stress Approach

9.3.3.Ductile Instability Analysis

9.3.4.Some Practical Considerations

9.4.Failure Assessment Diagrams

9.4.1.Original Concept

9.4.2.J-Based FAD

9.4.3.Approximations of the FAD Curve

9.4.4.Fitting Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Results to a FAD Equation

9.4.5.Application to Welded Structures

9.4.5.1.Incorporating Weld Residual Stresses

9.4.5.2.Weld Misalignment and Other Secondary Stresses

9.4.5.3.Weld Strength Mismatch

9.4.6.Primary versus Secondary Stresses in the FAD Method

9.4.7.Ductile Tearing Analysis with the FAD

9.4.8.Standardized FAD-Based Procedures

9.5.Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics

Appendix 9: Stress Intensity and Fully Plastic J Solutions for Selected Configurations

Note continued: 10.Fatigue Crack Propagation

10.1.Similitude in Fatigue

10.2.Empirical Fatigue Crack Growth Equations

10.3.Life Prediction

10.4.Crack Closure

10.4.1.A Closer Look at Crack Wedging Mechanisms

10.4.2.Effects of Loading Variables on Closure

10.5.The Fatigue Threshold

10.5.1.The Closure Model for the Threshold

10.5.2.A Two-Criterion Model

10.6.Variable-Amplitude Loading and Retardation

10.6.1.Linear Damage Model for Variable-Amplitude Fatigue

10.6.2.Cycle Counting and Histogram Construction

10.6.3.Reverse Plasticity at the Crack Tip

10.6.4.The Effect of Overloads and Underloads

10.6.5.Modeling Retardation and Variable-Amplitude Fatigue

10.7.Growth of Short Cracks

10.7.1.Microstructurally Short Cracks

10.7.2.Mechanically Short Cracks

10.8.Micromechanisms of Fatigue

10.8.1.Fatigue in Region II

10.8.2.Micromechanisms near the Threshold

10.8.3.Fatigue at High DeltaK Values

Note continued: 10.9.Fatigue Crack Growth Experiments

10.9.1.Crack Growth Rate and Threshold Measurement

10.9.2.Closure Measurements

10.9.3.A Proposed Experimental Definition of DeltaKeff

10.10.Damage Tolerance Methodology

Appendix 10A: Application of the J Contour Integral to Cyclic Loading

11.Environmentally Assisted Cracking in Metals

11.1.Corrosion Principles

11.1.1.Electrochemical Reactions

11.1.2.Corrosion Current and Polarization

11.1.3.Electrode Potential and Passivity

11.1.4.Cathodic Protection

11.1.5.Types of Corrosion

11.2.Environmental Cracking Overview

11.2.1.Terminology and Classification of Cracking Mechanisms

11.2.2.Occluded Chemistry of Cracks, Pits, and Crevices

11.2.3.Crack Growth Rate versus Applied Stress Intensity

11.2.4.The Threshold for EAC

11.2.5.Small Crack Effects

11.2.6.Static, Cyclic, and Fluctuating Loads

11.2.7.Cracking Morphology

11.2.8.Life Prediction

Note continued: 11.3.Stress Corrosion Cracking

11.3.1.The Film Rupture Model

11.3.2.Crack Growth Rate in Stage II

11.3.3.Metallurgical Variables That Influence SCC

11.3.4.Corrosion Product Wedging

11.4.Hydrogen Embrittlement

11.4.1.Cracking Mechanisms

11.4.2.Variables That Affect Cracking Behavior

11.4.2.1.Loading Rate and Load History

11.4.2.2.Strength

11.4.2.3.Amount of Available Hydrogen

11.4.2.4.Temperature

11.5.Corrosion Fatigue

11.5.1.Time-Dependent and Cycle-Dependent Behavior

11.5.2.Typical Data

11.5.3.Mechanisms

11.5.3.1.Film Rupture Models

11.5.3.2.Hydrogen Environment Embrittlement

11.5.3.3.Surface Films

11.5.4.The Effect of Corrosion Product Wedging on Fatigue

11.6.Experimental Methods

11.6.1.Tests on Smooth Specimens

11.6.2.Fracture Mechanics Test Methods

12.Computational Fracture Mechanics

12.1.An Overview of Numerical Methods

12.1.1.The Finite Element Method

Note continued: 12.1.2.The Boundary Integral Equation Method

12.2.Traditional Methods in Computational Fracture Mechanics

12.2.1.Stress and Displacement Matching

12.2.2.Elemental Crack Advance

12.2.3.Contour Integration

12.2.4.Virtual Crack Extension: Stiffness Derivative Formulation

12.2.5.Virtual Crack Extension: Continuum Approach

12.3.The Energy Domain Integral

12.3.1.Theoretical Background

12.3.2.Generalization to Three Dimensions

12.3.3.Finite Element Implementation

12.4.Mesh Design

12.5.Linear Elastic Convergence Study

12.6.Analysis of Growing Cracks

Appendix 12: Properties of Singularity Elements

13.Practice Problems

13.1.Chapter 1

13.2.Chapter 2

13.3.Chapter 3

13.4.Chapter 4

13.5.Chapter 5

13.6.Chapter 6

13.7.Chapter 7

13.8.Chapter 8

13.9.Chapter 9

13.10.Chapter 10

13.11.Chapter 11

13.12.Chapter 12.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI Available via World Wide Web.

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ebook version :

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9781498728140

1498728146

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99989208915

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