Goal-driven learning / edited by Ashwin Ram and David B. Leake.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Ram, Ashwin.

Leake, David B.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Computational learning theory.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xxii, 507 p. ) ill. ;

Place of Publication:

Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, ©1995.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

In cognitive science, artificial intelligence, psychology, and education, a growing body of research supports the view that the learning process is strongly influenced by the learner's goals. The fundamental tenet of goal-driven learning is that learning is largely an active and strategic process in which the learner, human or machine, attempts to identify and satisfy its information needs in the context of its tasks and goals, its prior knowledge, its capabilities, and environmental opportunities for learning. This book brings together a diversity of research on goal-driven learning to establish a broad, interdisciplinary framework that describes the goal-driven learning process. It collects and solidifies existing results on this important issue in machine and human learning and presents a theoretical framework for future investigations. The book opens with an an overview of goal-driven learning research and computational and cognitive models of the goal-driven learning process. This introduction is followed by a collection of fourteen recent research articles addressing fundamental issues of the field, including psychological and functional arguments for modeling learning as a deliberative, planful process; experimental evaluation of the benefits of utility-based analysis to guide decisions about what to learn; case studies of computational models in which learning is driven by reasoning about learning goals; psychological evidence for human goal-driven learning; and the ramifications of goal-driven learning in educational contexts. The second part of the book presents six position papers reflecting ongoing research and current issues in goal-driven learning. Issues discussed include methods for pursuing psychological studies of goal-driven learning, frameworks for the design of active and multistrategy learning systems, and methods for selecting and balancing the goals that drive learning. A Bradford Book.

Contents:

Foreword / Tom Mitchell

Preface

Sources and Acknowledgments

Contributors

1. Learning, Goals, and Learning Goals / Ashwin Ram and David B. Leake

I. Current State of the Field

2. Planning to Learn / Lawrence Hunter

3. Quantitative Results Concerning the Utility of Explanation-Based Learning / Steven Minton

4. The Use of Explicit Goals for Knowledge to Guide Inference and Learning / Ashwin Ram and Lawrence Hunter

5. Deriving Categories to Achieve Goals / Lawrence W. Barsalou

6. Harpoons and Long Sticks: The Interaction of Theory and Similarity in Rule Induction / Edward J. Wisniewski and Douglas L. Medin

7. Introspective Reasoning Using Meta-Explanations for Multistrategy Learning / Ashwin Ram and Michael T. Cox

8. Goal-Directed Learning: A Decision-Theoretic Model for Deciding What to Learn Next / Marie desJardins

9. Goal-Based Explanation Evaluation / David B. Leake

10.

Planning to Perceive / Louise Pryor and Gregg Collins

11. Planning and Learning in PRODIGY: Overview of an Integrated Architecture / Jaime Carboneil, Oren Iezioni, Yolanda Gill, Robert Joseph, Craig Knoblock, Steven Minton and Manuela Veloso

12. A Learning Model for the Selection of Problem-Solving Strategies in Continuous Physical Systems / Xiaodong Xia and Dif-Yan Yeung

13. Explicitly Biased Generalization / Diana Gordon and Donald Perlis

14. Three Levels of Goal Orientation in Learning / Evelyn Ng and Carl Bereiter

15. Characterizing the Application of Computer Simulations in Education: Instructional Criteria / Jos J.A. van Berkum, Hans Hijne, Ton de Jong, Wouter R. van Joolingen and Melanie Njoo

II. Current Research and Recent Directions

16. Goal-Driven Learning: Fundamental Issues and Symposium Report / David B. Leake and Ashwin Ram

17. Storage Side Effects: Studying Processing to Understand Learning /

Lawrence W. Barsalou

18. Goal-Driven Learning in Multistrategy Reasoning and Learning Systems / Ashwin Ram, Michael T. Cox and S. Narayanan

19. Inference to the Best Plan: A Coherence Theory of Decision / Paul Thagard and Elija Millgram

20. Toward Goal-Driven Integration of Explanation and Action / David B. Leake

21. Learning as Goal-Driven Inference / Ryszard Michalski and Ashwin Ram

Index.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

"A Bradford book."

OCLC-licensed vendor bibliographic record.

ISBN:

0-262-28204-6

0-262-68083-1

0-585-03853-8

OCLC:

42636424