Dynamics of multiphase flows / Chao Zhu, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Liang-Shih Fan, Ohio State University, Zhao Yu, Ohio State University.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Zhu, Chao, 1961- author.

Fan, Liang-Shih, author.

Yu, Zhao (Engineer), author.

Series:

Cambridge series in chemical engineering.

Cambridge series in chemical engineering

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Multiphase flow.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xxv, 594 pages) : digital, PDF file(s).

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2021.

Summary:

Understand multiphase flows using multidisciplinary knowledge in physical principles, modelling theories, and engineering practices. This essential text methodically introduces the important concepts, governing mechanisms, and state-of-the-art theories, using numerous real-world applications, examples, and problems. Covers all major types of multiphase flows, including gas-solid, gas-liquid (sprays or bubbling), liquid-solid, and gas-solid-liquid flows. Introduces the volume-time-averaged transport theorems and associated Lagrangian-trajectory modelling and Eulerian-Eulerian multi-fluid modelling. Explains typical computational techniques, measurement methods and four representative subjects of multiphase flow systems. Suitable as a reference for engineering students, researchers, and practitioners, this text explores and applies fundamental theories to the analysis of system performance using a case-based approach.

Contents:

Cover

Half-title page

Series page

Title page

Copyright page

Dedication

Contents

Preface

Part I Principles

1 Introduction to Multiphase Flows

1.1 Multiphase Flow Phenomena

1.1.1 Sedimentation in a Particulate Flow

1.1.2 Dispersion by Sprays or Multiphase Jets

1.1.3 Mixing and Material Processing

1.1.4 Pipeline Transport

1.1.5 Flows with Charged Particles

1.1.6 Flows with Chemical Reactions

1.2 Definition of Multiphase Flow

1.2.1 Multiphase Flows versus Multicomponent Flows

1.2.2 Dilute Phase versus Dense Phase

1.3 Modeling Approaches

1.3.1 Eulerian-Lagrangian Modeling

1.3.2 Eulerian-Eulerian Modeling

1.4 Case Studies: Peculiarities of Multiphase Flows

1.4.1 Bubble Acceleration

1.4.2 Pressure Drop Reduction in Pneumatic Transport

1.4.3 Acceleration of Solids in a Dense Gas-Solid Riser

1.4.4 Cluster Formation and Instability

1.4.5 Wake-Induced Phenomena

1.4.6 Particle Trajectories in a Cyclone Separator

1.5 Summary

Nomenclature

Problems

References

2 Continuum Modeling of Single-Phase Flows

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Flow of a Viscous Fluid

2.2.1 Constitutive Relation of a Viscous Fluid

2.2.2 General Transport Theorem

2.2.3 Governing Equations of Viscous Flows

2.2.4 Interfacial Phenomena and Boundary Conditions

2.2.5 Theory Simplifications and Limitations

2.3 Turbulence

2.3.1 Turbulent Flows

2.3.2 Length Scales in Turbulence

2.3.3 Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations

2.3.4 Turbulence Modeling

2.3.5 Large Eddy Simulation

2.4 Flows in Porous Media

2.4.1 Darcy's Law

2.4.2 Ergun's Equation

2.4.3 Brinkman Equation

2.5 Kinetic Theory of Collision-Dominated Granular Flows

2.5.1 Regimes of Granular Flows

2.5.2 Transport Theorem of Collision-Dominated Granular Particles

2.5.3 Governing Equations.

2.5.4 Constitutive Relations

2.5.5 Advancement in Kinetic Theory for Granular Flow

2.6 Case Studies

2.6.1 Model Closure of a Multicomponent Single-Phase Reacting Flow

2.6.2 Smallest Characteristic Length of a Continuum-Based CFD

2.6.3 Flow into a Spherical Cavity in an Infinite Porous Medium

2.6.4 Electroosmotic Flow

2.7 Summary

3 Transport of Isolated Objects: Solid Particles, Droplets, and Bubbles

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Momentum Transfer

3.2.1 Drag Force

3.2.2 Basset Force and Carried Mass

3.2.3 Saffman Force and Other Gradient-Related Forces

3.2.4 Magnus Force

3.2.5 Field Forces

3.2.6 Coriolis Force

3.3 Heat Transfer

3.3.1 Heat Conduction of a Sphere in Quiescent Fluid

3.3.2 Convective and Radiant Heat Transfer of a Sphere

3.4 Mass Transfer

3.4.1 Mass Fluxes in a Multicomponent Fluid

3.4.2 Stefan Flux

3.4.3 Evaporation of a Droplet

3.5 Equation of Motion

3.5.1 Basset-Boussinesq-Oseen Equation

3.5.2 General Equation of Motion

3.6 Advanced Topics

3.6.1 Characteristics and Shape Regime of Fluid Particles

3.6.2 Orientation and Path Instability of Nonspherical Particles

3.7 Case Studies

3.7.1 Particle Trajectory in a Rotating Fluid

3.7.2 Motion of a Charged Particle between Parallel Electric Plates

3.7.3 Motion of a Parachuted Object from an Airplane

3.7.4 Motion of an Evaporating Droplet

3.8 Summary

4 Interactions of Particles, Droplets, and Bubbles

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Transport Properties of a Cloud of Particles

4.2.1 Hydrodynamic Forces of a Pair of Spheres

4.2.2 Hydrodynamic Forces on a Sphere in a Swamp of Spheres

4.2.3 Heat Transfer of Suspended Particles

4.2.4 Mass Transfer of a Cluster.

4.2.5 Charge Effect due to Interparticle and Particle-Wall Interactions

4.3 Collision of a Pair of Solid Spheres

4.3.1 Hertzian Contact of Frictionless Spheres

4.3.2 Frictional Contact of Spheres

4.3.3 Normal Collision of Elastic Spheres

4.3.4 Oblique and Rotational Collisions

4.3.5 Collision of Inelastic Spheres

4.3.6 Heat Transfer by Collision of Solids

4.3.7 Charge Transfer by Collision of Solids

4.4 Other Interaction Forces between Solid Particles

4.4.1 Van der Waals Force

4.4.2 Liquid-Bridge Force

4.5 Interactions between Fluid Particles

4.5.1 Droplet Impact on a Flat Solid Surface

4.5.2 Binary Droplet Collision

4.5.3 Breakup of Fluid Particles

4.5.4 Coalescence of Fluid Particles

4.6 Case Studies

4.6.1 Settling of Suspended Particles in Column

4.6.2 Wake-Induced Motion of a Pair of Spheres

4.6.3 Collision of Elastic Spheres in Fluid

4.6.4 Leidenfrost Collision of a Drop with a Flat Surface

4.7 Summary

5 Continuum-Discrete Tracking Modeling of Multiphase Flows

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Lagrangian Trajectory Modeling

5.2.1 Deterministic Trajectory Models

5.2.2 Stochastic Trajectory Models

5.2.3 Particle Cloud Tracking Models

5.3 Discrete Element Method

5.3.1 Hard-Sphere Model

5.3.2 Soft-Sphere Model

5.4 Coupling in Eulerian-Lagrangian Model

5.4.1 Mass Coupling

5.4.2 Momentum Coupling

5.4.3 Energy Coupling

5.4.4 Coupling due to Charge-Induced Electric Field

5.5 Case Studies

5.5.1 Flow over Airfoil in Rain

5.5.2 Inhalation of Ultrafine Particulates

5.5.3 Solar-Absorbing Particulate-Laden Flow

5.5.4 Transport of Charged Particles in Chamber

5.6 Summary

6 Continuum Modeling of Multiphase Flows

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Averages and Averaging Theorems

6.2.1 Phase and Intrinsic Averaging

6.2.2 Volume-Averaging Theorems

6.3 Volume-Averaged Equations

6.3.1 General Volume-Averaged Equations

6.3.2 Volume-Averaged Continuity Equation

6.3.3 Volume-Averaged Momentum Equation

6.3.4 Volume-Averaged Energy Equation

6.4 Volume-Time-Averaged Equations

6.4.1 Volume-Time Averages and Covariance

6.4.2 Volume-Time-Averaged Continuity Equation

6.4.3 Volume-Time-Averaged Momentum Equation

6.4.4 Volume-Time-Averaged Energy Equation

6.4.5 Closure of Volume-Time-Averaged Equations

6.5 Constitutive Relations in Multifluid Model

6.5.1 Pressure

6.5.2 Molecular Fluxes

6.5.3 Eddy Diffusivities

6.5.4 Interfacial Transport

6.5.5 Turbulence Modeling

6.6 Constitutive Relations for Fluid-Solid Flows

6.6.1 Stresses of Solid Particles

6.6.2 Turbulent Diffusion of Particulates

6.7 Advanced Topics

6.7.1 Effect of Mesoscale Structures on Phase Interaction

6.7.2 Particle Size Distribution and Interfacial Area Concentration

6.7.3 Turbulence Modulation

6.8 Case Studies

6.8.1 Particle Suspension in a Stirred Tank

6.8.2 Bubble Plume Flow in Bubble Column

6.8.3 Heat Transfer of Immersed Tubes in Dense Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed

6.8.4 Evaporating Spray in Gas-Solid Suspension Flow

6.9 Summary

7 Numerical Modeling and Simulation

7.1 Introduction

7.2 General Procedure of Numerical Modeling and Simulation

7.3 Numerical Solutions of Partial Differential Equations

7.3.1 Numerical Solution of General Transport Equation

7.3.2 Numerical Methods for Single-Phase Flow

7.3.3 Boundary Conditions

7.4 Resolved Interface Approach for Dispersed Phase Objects

7.4.1 Conformal Mesh Methods

7.4.2 Nonconformal Mesh Methods.

7.5 Eulerian-Lagrangian Algorithms for Multiphase Flows

7.5.1 Governing Equations

7.5.2 Continuous-Discrete Phase Coupling

7.5.3 Particle-Particle Interactions

7.6 Eulerian-Eulerian Algorithms for Multiphase Flows

7.6.1 Calculation of Velocity and Pressure Field

7.6.2 Volume Fraction

7.6.3 Pressure and Volume Fraction for Dense Solid Phase

7.7 Lattice Boltzmann Method

7.7.1 LBM for Single-Phase Flows

7.7.2 LBM for Particle Suspensions

7.7.3 LBM with Two Fluid Phases

7.8 Case Studies

7.8.1 Particle-Fluid Force in LBM

7.8.2 Modeling of Aerosol Delivery by a Powder Inhaler

7.8.3 Air Entrainment in a Hydraulic Jump

7.8.4 Evaluation of Sparger in Bubble Column

7.9 Summary

8 Measurement Techniques

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Particle Size and Morphology Measurement

8.2.1 Optical Visualization Methods

8.2.2 Microscopy Methods

8.2.3 Sieving Analysis

8.2.4 Sedimentation Methods

8.2.5 Cascade Impaction

8.2.6 Phase Doppler Method

8.2.7 Particle Size Distribution and Averaged Size

8.3 Volume Fraction Measurement

8.3.1 Beam Attenuation Method

8.3.2 Permittivity Measurement Method

8.3.3 Transmission Tomography

8.3.4 Electrical Impedance Tomography

8.4 Mass Flow Measurement

8.4.1 Overall Mass Flow Measurement

8.4.2 Isokinetic Sampling Method

8.4.3 Ball Probe Method

8.5 Velocity Measurement

8.5.1 Cross-correlation Method

8.5.2 Venturimeter

8.5.3 Laser Doppler Velocimetry

8.5.4 Corona Discharge Method

8.5.5 Particle Image Velocimetry

8.6 Charge Measurement

8.6.1 Sampling with Faraday Cup

8.6.2 Induction Probe

8.7 Case Studies

8.7.1 Particle Size Distribution by Deconvolution Method

8.7.2 Optical Measurement of Microbubbles and Droplets.

8.7.3 Volume Fraction in a Pressurized Slurry-Bubble Column.

Notes:

Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 10 Sep 2021).

ISBN:

1-108-64551-8

1-108-65776-1

1-108-67903-X

OCLC:

1243905941