Philosophy for public health and public policy : beyond the neglectful state / James Wilson.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Wilson, James (James George Scott), author.

Series:

Oxford scholarship online.

Oxford scholarship online

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Public health--Philosophy.

Medical policy.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (288 pages).

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press, [2021]

Summary:

This work argues that philosophy is not just useful, but vital, for thinking coherently about priorities in health policy and public policy.

Contents:

Cover

Philosophy for Public Health and Public Policy: Beyond the Neglectful State

Copyright

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgements

1: Introduction

1.1 Ethical Values and Deliberative Communities

1.2 Defining Health

1.3 The Idea of a Public Health Problem

1.4 The Context of Public Health Ethics

1.4.1 Ageing Societies and the Increasing Prominence of Chronic Disease

1.4.2 The Importance of the Social Determinants of Health

1.4.3 Rising Costs of Healthcare

1.4.4 The Return of Communicable Diseases

1.4.5 Systemic Interconnections and Clustering of Risk Factors

1.5 A Brief Map of What Is to Come

PART I PHILOSOPHY FOR PUBLIC POLICY

2: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Complexity

2.1 Introduction

2.2 The Rise of Evidence-Based Medicine

2.3 From Evidence-Based Medicine to Evidence-Based Policy?

2.4 Randomization and Internal Validity

2.5 External Validity

2.6 Conclusion, and a Way Forward

3: Internal and External Validity in Ethical Reasoning

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The Linear Model in Healthcare Research

3.3 Moral Philosophy and the Linear Model

3.4 Thought Experiments

3.5 Internal and External Validity

3.6 Internal Validity in Thought Experiments

3.7 Reproducibility, Fiction, and Thought Experiments

3.8 The Problem of External Validity

3.8.1 Normative Contextual Variance

3.8.2 Non-Transferabilityof Causal Structures

3.9 Conclusion

4: Ethics for Complex Systems

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Parts, Wholes, and Complexity

4.3 Stocks, Flows, and Models

4.4 A Complex Systems Approach to Public Health Policy

4.5 The Normative Implications of Complex Systems

4.5.1 The Usefulness of Abstraction

4.5.2 Is Moral Reality Simple?

4.6 Performativity in Complex Systems

4.7 Conclusion.

PART II: BEYOND THE NEGLECTFUL STATE: An Ethical Framework For Public Health

5: Paternalism, Autonomy, and the Common Good: Infringing Liberty for the Sake of Health

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Rethinking Autonomy

5.3 Paternalism, Coercion, and Government Action

5.4 The Very Idea of Paternalistic Policies

5.5 The Unavoidable Coerciveness of States

5.6 Against Antipaternalism

5.7 Justifying Public Health Policies to which a Minority Object

5.8 Conclusion

6: The Right to Public Health

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Justifying Rights Claims

6.3 Arguing for the Right to Public Health

6.4 The Right to Public Health as a Right to Risk Reduction

6.5 Why the Right to Public Health is Compatible with Reductions of Liberty

6.6 Conclusion

7: Which Risks to Health Matter Most?

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Prevention, Treatment, and Rescue

7.3 Pairwise Comparison and Aggregation

7.4 Priority to the Worst Off

7.5 Capacity to Benefit and Opportunity Costs

7.6 Time and Claims

7.7 Risk and Claims

7.8 The Prevention Paradox

7.9 Measuring Claims

7.10 Conclusion

Introduction to Part II

PART III: STRUCTURAL JUSTICE

8: Responsibility

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Assigning Duties Under the Right to Public Health

8.3 Substantive Responsibility

8.4 The Social Democratic Vision of Responsibility, and Its Decline

8.5 Luck Egalitarianism

8.6 Allowing, Rather than Forcing, People to be Responsible

8.7 Conclusion

9: Measuring and Combatting Health-Related Inequalities

9.1 Introduction

9.2 The Concept of a Health Inequity

9.3 Direct Views of Justice, and their Implications for the Study of Health Equity

9.4 Measuring Health-Related Inequalities

9.5 Structural Justice

9.6 Stigma

9.7 Conclusion

10: Communicable Disease

10.1 Introduction.

10.2 Thinking Ecologically About Disease

10.3 Fair Use of Antibiotics

10.3.1 Static Models for Fair Distribution of Antimicrobial Effectiveness

10.3.2 Thinking Dynamically About Fairness and Antibiotics

10.4 Vaccine Hesitancy, Herd Immunity, and the Dynamics of Trust

10.5 Disease Eradication

10.5.1 The Symbolic Value Argument

10.5.2 The Global Public Goods Argument

10.5.3 Is Eradication a Form of Rescue?

10.5.4 Eradication as Ordinary Health Policy

10.6 Mandating Vaccination

10.7 Conclusion

11: Conclusion

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Lessons About the Epistemology of Public Policy

11.3 External Validity, Performativity, and Philosophical Methodology

11.4 Public Health, Ethical Frameworks, and the Need for Improvisation

Introduction to Part III

Afterword

References

Index.

Notes:

This edition also issued in print: 2021.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

0-19-265786-0

0-19-192678-7

0-19-265785-2