Atmosphere-ocean modeling : coupling and couplers / Carlos R Mechoso, Soon-Il An, Sophie Valcke.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Mechoso, Carlos R., 1942- author.

An, Soon-Il, author.

Valcke, Sophie, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Ocean-atmosphere interaction--Mathematical models.

Ocean-atmosphere interaction.

Climatology--Mathematical models.

Climatology.

Multiscale modeling.

Computational complexity.

Physical Description:

xv, 186 pages : illustrations (some color), color maps ; 26 cm

Place of Publication:

Singapore ; Hackensack, NJ : World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, [2021]

Summary:

"Coupled atmosphere-ocean models are at the core of numerical climate models. There is an extraordinarily broad class of coupled atmosphere-ocean models ranging from sets of equations that can be solved analytically to highly detailed representations of Nature requiring the most advanced computers for execution. The models are applied to subjects including the conceptual understanding of Earth's climate, predictions that support human activities in a variable climate, and projections aimed to prepare society for climate change. The present book fills a void in the current literature by presenting a basic and yet rigorous treatment of how the models of the atmosphere and the ocean are put together into a coupled system. The text of the book is divided into chapters organized according to complexity of the components that are coupled. Two full chapters are dedicated to current efforts on the development of generalist couplers and coupling methodologies all over the world"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Machine generated contents note: 1. Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions and Feedbacks

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Basic concepts

1.2.1. The vertical temperature profile in the ocean

1.2.2. The global distribution of sea surface temperature and precipitation

1.2.3. Momentum and heat fluxes at the atmosphere-ocean interface

1.2.4. Net energy fluxes at the atmosphere-ocean interface

1.3. Atmosphere-ocean feedbacks

1.3.1. Bjerknes feedback

1.3.2. Wind evaporation SST feedback

1.3.3. Ekman feedback

1.3.4. Water vapor feedback

1.3.5. Cloud-SST feedback

1.3.6. Thermocline feedback

1.3.7. Ice-albedo feedback

1.3.8. Land surface conditions feedback

1.3.9. Reemergence

2. A Classification of Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Models

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Conceptual models of coupled atmosphere-ocean processes

2.3. Models of intermediate complexity and ENSO prediction

2.4. AGCMs coupled to simpler ocean models (HCMls)

2.4.1. AGCMs coupled to a swamp ocean model

2.4.2. AGCMs coupled to a slab ocean model

2.5. OGCMs coupled to simpler atmospheric models (HCM2s)

2.6. Coupled atmosphere-ocean GCMs (CGCMs)

2.7. Perspectives

3. Conceptual Models of Interannual Variability

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Basic aspects of ENSO

3.3. The recharge-oscillator model

3.4. The delayed oscillator model

3.5. General comments on the recharge and delayed oscillator models

3.6. Perspectives

4. Models of Intermediate Complexity and ENSO Prediction

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Gill-type model of the tropical atmosphere

4.3. One- and two-layer shallow water systems

4.3.1. One-layer shallow-water system

4.3.1.1. Governing equations

4.3.1.2. Energy equation

4.3.1.3. Vorticity equation

4.3.2. Two-layer shallow-water system (linearized)

4.3.3. Reduced gravity ocean model

4.4. Oscillations in a reduced gravity ocean model coupled to a conceptual atmosphere

4.5. Zebiak and Cane model (ZC87)

4.5.1. Atmospheric component

4.5.2. Ocean component

4.5.3. Atmosphere-ocean coupling

4.5.4. ENSO predictions with the ZC87 model

4.6. Preconditions and initialization

4.6.1. Preconditions

4.6.2. Initialization

4.7. Another example of an intermediate-complexity model for El Nino prediction

4.8. Perspectives

5. AGCMs Coupled to Simpler Ocean Models

5.1. Introduction

5.2. AGCMs

5.3. Fluxes at the atmosphere-ocean interface

5.4. Calculation of fluxes at the atmosphere-ocean interface

5.5. The surface layer in the atmosphere

5.5.1. The Monin-Obukhov theory and fluxes at the surface

5.5.2. The turbulent mixing coefficients as a function of Ri

5.6. Planetary boundary layer structure and height

5.7. Turbulence above the surface layer

5.8. Examples of PBL parameterizations

5.8.1. The PBL parameterization in CAM4

5.8.2. The PBL parameterization in the UCLAAGCM

5.9. Radiation fluxes at the atmosphere lower boundary

5.10. Surface fluxes over sea-ice and land surfaces

5.11. Examples of AGCMs coupled to simple ocean models

5.11.1. AGCMs coupled to swamp ocean models

5.11.2. AGCMs coupled to slab ocean models

5.12. Appendix A: Classical mixing length theory

6. OGCMs Coupled to Simpler Atmospheric Models

6.1. Introduction

6.2. OGCMs

6.2.1. Discretization of the equations of oceanic motions

6.2.2. The sea surface temperature equation

6.2.3. Incorporation of a sea-ice model to the OGCM

6.2.4. Wind stress on the ocean surface

6.3. Examples of OGCMs coupled to simple models

6.3.1. Tropical Atlantic OGCM coupled to an empirical atmosphere

6.3.2. OGCM coupled to a two-level atmosphere for ENSO studies

6.3.3. Reduced gravity ocean model coupled to a statistical atmosphere

6.3.4. Primitive equation ocean model coupled to an empirical atmosphere for ENSO studies

6.3.5. OGCM coupled to a statistical atmosphere for AMOC studies

6.3.6. AGCM coupled to a Slab Ocean Model in the tropical Atlantic and to an OGCM elsewhere

6.4. Perspectives

7. Atmosphere-Ocean Coupled General Circulation Models

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Fundamentals of AGCM and OGCM coupling

7.3. Current issues on CGCM performance

7.4. CGCMs as laboratories for hypothesis-testing experimentation

7.4.1. Testing hypothesis on the causes of the tropical SST biases

7.4.2. Simulations that address enhancing prediction skill

7.5. Long-term predictions

7.5.1. Seasonal predictions

7.5.2. Multi-year predictions

7.5.3. Predictions of ENSO changes with global warming

7.5.4. Climate change predictions

7.6. Perspectives

8. Coupling Software and Technologies

8.1. Historical overview

8.2. Coupling software used in contemporary atmosphere-ocean coupled models

8.2.1. OASIS3-MCT

8.2.1.1. Initialization and definition

8.2.1.2. Coupling send and receive

8.2.1.3. Communication and component layout

8.2.1.4. Configuration

8.2.1.5. Regridding and other transformations

8.2.1.6. Performance

8.2.2. ESMF

8.2.2.1. Using ESMF superstructure to assemble coupled applications

8.2.2.2. Interoperability, NUOPC and ESPS

8.2.2.3. ESMF Infrastructure

8.2.2.4. Users and user support

8.2.3. MCT

8.2.4. FMS

8.2.5. CPL7

8.2.6. YAC

8.2.7. C-Coupler2

8.2.8. MOAB-TempestRemap

8.3. Analysis of coupler or coupling software

8.3.1. Basic coupling functions

8.3.1.1. Data transfer and coordinated execution of components

8.3.1.2. Coupling field regridding and transformation

8.3.2. Advantages and disadvantages of the different coupler implementations

8.4. Perspectives

9. Coupling Algorithms and Specific Coupling Features in CGCMs

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Coupling algorithms in selected CGCMs

9.2.1. Implementation in European CGCMs

9.2.2. ECMWF-IFS coupling algorithm

9.2.3. RPN coupling algorithm

9.2.4. CESM2 and CMCC-CM2 coupling algorithm

9.3. PRISM revised ocean-atmosphere physical coupling interface

9.3.1. Exchanges of energy

9.3.2. Exchanges of mass

9.3.3. Exchanges of momentum

9.3.4. Subgrid scale computations

9.3.5. Time sequence

9.4. Discussion on specific coupling features and their implementation

9.4.1. Component sequencing and time inconsistency

9.4.2. Regridding and spatial inconsistencies

9.4.2.1. Flux computation

9.4.2.2. Sea-land mask issue

9.4.2.3. Merging and cell fractions

9.5. Perspectives.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Other Format:

Online version: Mechoso, Carlos R., 1942- Atmosphere-ocean modeling

ISBN:

9789811232930

9811232938

9789811234460

9811234469

OCLC:

1225975967

Publisher Number:

99989029126