Techniques for corrosion monitoring / edited by Lietai Yang.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Yang, Lietai, 1958- editor.

Series:

Woodhead Publishing Series in Metals and Surface Engineering Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Materials--Deterioration--Measurement.

Materials.

Corrosion and anti-corrosives.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (620 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Duxford, England ; Cambridge, MA , England : Woodhead Publishing, [2020]

Summary:

Techniques for Corrosion Monitoring, Second Edition, reviews electrochemical techniques for corrosion monitoring, such as polarization techniques, potentiometric methods, electrochemical noise and harmonic analyses, galvanic sensors, differential flow through cells and multielectrode systems.

Contents:

Intro

Techniques for Corrosion Monitoring

Copyright

Contents

Contributors

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1. General

1.2. Corrosion cost

1.3. Corrosion monitoring and its importance in corrosion prevention and control

1.4. Organization of the book

References

Chapter 2: Corrosion fundamentals and characterization techniques

2.1. Introduction

2.2. General corrosion

2.3. Passivity and localized corrosion

2.3.1. Galvanic corrosion

2.3.2. Pitting corrosion

2.3.3. Crevice corrosion

2.3.4. Dealloying

2.3.5. Intergranular corrosion

2.4. Microbially influenced corrosion

2.5. Flow-assisted corrosion and erosion corrosion

2.6. Stress corrosion cracking

2.7. Corrosion fatigue

2.8. Hydrogen embrittlement

2.9. Characterization techniques

2.9.1. Surface characterization

2.9.2. Corrosion products characterization

Part One: Electrochemical techniques for corrosion monitoring

Chapter 3: Electrochemical polarization techniques for corrosion monitoring

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Electrochemical nature of corrosion

3.3. Energy-potential-current relationship

3.3.1. Energy

3.3.2. Potential

3.3.3. Current

3.4. Electrochemical polarization techniques for determining corrosion rates

3.4.1. Polarization resistance method

3.4.2. Tafel extrapolation method

3.4.3. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization

3.4.4. Cyclic galvano-staircase polarization

3.4.5. Potentiostatic polarization

3.4.6. Galvanic corrosion rate

3.5. Conversion of Icorr into corrosion rate

3.6. Measurement of corrosion rate by polarization methods in the laboratory

3.6.1. Working electrode

3.6.2. Counter electrode

3.6.3. Reference electrode

3.6.4. Electrolyte

3.6.5. Potentiostat

3.7. Monitoring of corrosion rate by polarization methods in the field.

3.8. General limitations of polarization methods of determining corrosion rate

3.8.1. Solution resistance

3.8.2. Scan rate

3.8.3. Electrode-bridging

3.8.4. Presence of oxidation-reduction species

3.8.5. Variation of corrosion potential

3.8.6. Diffusion-controlled condition

3.8.7. General corrosion only

3.9. Applications of polarization methods in the field

3.10. Future trends

3.11. Further information

Chapter 4: Electrochemical polarization technique based on the nonlinear region weak polarization curve fitting analysis

4.1. Introduction

4.1.1. Measurement in the linear polarization region near the corrosion potential

4.1.2. Measurement in the Tafel region

4.1.3. Measurement in the nonlinear medium polarization region

4.1.4. Characteristics of the curve fitting method

4.2. Numerical simulation of the polarization curves in the nonlinear region-Weak polarization analysis

4.2.1. Computing software platform

4.2.2. Mathematical expression of calculation principle of numerical simulation method based on polarization measurement data

4.2.3. Curve fitting software that simultaneously solves for the corrosion current and Tafel slopes

4.2.4. Advanced model that accounts for diffusion control

4.2.5. Electrochemical polarization method for general corrosion monitoring

4.2.6. Calculation examples

4.3. Design of low-power consumption real-time sensor systems for general corrosion monitoring

4.4. Application of corrosion sensors based on weak polarization analysis method

4.4.1. Smart Marine Corrosion Sensor

4.4.1.1. Measuring the corrosion potential

4.4.1.2. Measuring the corrosion current

4.4.1.3. Inner design of SMCS

4.4.1.4. Characteristics of SMCS

4.4.1.5. Application of SMCS

4.4.2. Deep-sea corrosion rate sensor

4.4.2.1. Technical principle.

4.4.2.2. Research status, latest progress, and development prospect

4.4.2.3. Performance of the present deep-sea corrosion rate sensor

4.4.3. Challenges of deep-sea corrosion sensors

4.4.3.1. Communication

4.4.3.2. Deeper depth

4.4.3.3. Power supply

4.4.3.4. Underlying software

Acknowledgments

Chapter 5: Electrochemical noise for corrosion monitoring

5.1. Introduction to electrochemical noise

5.1.1. What is electrochemical noise?

5.1.2. History of EN measurement

5.2. Measurement of EN

5.2.1. Electrochemical potential noise

5.2.2. Electrochemical current noise

5.2.3. Simultaneous measurement of potential and current noise

5.2.4. Instrumental requirements

5.2.4.1. Potential measurement

5.2.4.2. Current measurement

5.2.4.3. Filtering

5.2.4.4. Error sources

Aliasing

Quantization

Interference

Validation

5.3. Alternative EN measurement methods

5.3.1. Methods using asymmetric electrodes

5.3.2. Switching methods

5.3.3. Combined noise and impedance measurement

5.3.4. Testing EN instrumentation

5.4. Interpretation of EN

5.4.1. Introduction

5.4.2. Direct examination of time records

5.4.3. Statistical methods

5.4.3.1. Mean current and potential

5.4.3.2. Standard deviation of current and potential

5.4.3.3. Noise resistance

5.4.3.4. Skewness of current and potential

5.4.3.5. Kurtosis of current and potential

5.4.3.6. Coefficient of variation

5.4.3.7. Localization index

5.4.3.8. Pitting factor

5.4.3.9. Shot-noise parameters

5.4.3.10. Coulomb counting

5.4.4. Spectral methods

5.4.5. Wavelet methods

5.4.6. Time-frequency methods

5.4.7. Chaos methods

5.4.8. Classifier and neural network methods

5.5. Comparison of EN and polarization resistance for the estimation of corrosion rate.

5.5.1. Claimed advantages of noise resistance

5.5.2. Use of EN for the identification of the type of corrosion

5.6. Practical applications

5.7. Harmonic distortion analysis

5.8. Electrochemical frequency modulation

Chapter 6: Galvanic sensors and zero-voltage ammeter

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Galvanic current and corrosion current

6.2.1. Galvanic current

6.2.2. Corrosion current

6.2.3. Galvanic current from two pieces of same metals

6.3. Measurement of galvanic current and zero-voltage ammeter

6.3.1. Zero-voltage ammeters formed with operational amplifiers

6.3.2. Zero-voltage ammeters formed with a potentiostat

6.3.3. Zero-voltage ammeters formed with a low-cost voltmeter and shunt resistor

6.3.4. Effect of the voltage imposed by ZVA on galvanic current measurements

6.4. Galvanic sensors

6.5. Applications of galvanic sensors

6.5.1. Galvanic sensors for monitoring corrosion in industrial processes

6.5.2. Galvanic sensors for monitoring atmospheric corrosion

6.5.3. Galvanic sensors for corrosion monitoring in other systems

6.6. Advantages and limitations of galvanic sensors

6.7. Summary

Chapter 7: Differential flow cell technique

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Principles of the differential flow cell (DFC) method

7.2.1. The problem the method designed to solve

7.2.2. The physical model

7.2.3. The DFC method to obtain localized corrosion rate

7.2.3.1. Typical electrolytic cell assembly

7.2.3.2. Electrical instrument assembly

7.2.3.3. Methods to obtain localized corrosion rates

7.2.3.4. Validation of the technique

7.2.3.5. How to use a DFC-based localized corrosion monitor (LCM) for field applications

7.3. Data interpretation and use

7.3.1. General considerations for effective carbon steel corrosion control.

7.3.2. How corrosion inhibitors work

7.3.3. Performance issues in cooling water treatments

7.3.4. Integrated solutions needed to improve cooling water treatment performance

7.3.5. Factors to consider in interpreting LCM readings

7.3.5.1. Time-dependence of corrosion rate measurements

7.3.5.2. Effect of water temperature

7.3.5.3. Attributing causes of corrosion rate variations and treatment optimization strategy

7.3.5.4. Maximum localized corrosion rate vs. length of localized corrosion events

7.4. Comparison with ZRA-based occluded cell measurement results

7.5. Applications

7.6. Future trends and additional information

Chapter 8: Multielectrode systems

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Earlier multielectrode systems for high-throughput corrosion studies

8.3. Uncoupled multielectrode arrays

8.4. Coupled multielectrode systems for corrosion detection

8.5. Coupled multielectrode arrays for spatiotemporal corrosion and electrochemical studies

8.6. Coupled multielectrode arrays for spatiotemporal corrosion measurements

8.7. Ammeters used for the measurements of coupling currents

8.8. Coupled multielectrode array sensors with simple output parameters for corrosion monitoring

8.8.1. Principle of coupled multielectrode array sensors for corrosion monitoring

8.8.2. Maximum localized corrosion rate

8.8.3. Estimation of general corrosion rate using coupled multielectrode array sensors and localized corrosion rate factor

8.8.4. Estimation of general corrosion depth using coupled multielectrode array sensors and localized corrosion depth factor

8.8.5. Cumulative maximum localized corrosion rate

8.9. Effects of internal currents on CMAS and minimization of the internal effect.

8.9.1. Internal current effects on nonuniform corrosion rate measurement using coupled multielectrode array sensors.

Notes:

Previous edition: Boca Raton: CRC, 2008.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

0-08-103004-5

OCLC:

1226586324