Bramiana : salvaging information from a destroyed Minoan settlement in southeast Crete / edited by Vili Apostolakou, Philip P. Betancourt, and Thomas M. Brogan.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Apostolakou, Vili.

Contributor:

Betancourt, Philip.

Brogan, Thomas.

Bonga, Lily.

Chalikias, Konstantinos.

Dierckx, Heidi M.C.

Gluckman, Amie S.

Hsu, Florence S.C.

Nodarou, Eleni.

Sarasin, Sydney R.

Stamos, Antonia.

Series:

Prehistory monographs

Prehistory Monographs ; v.66

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Archaeology--Crete (Greece).

Archaeology.

Minoans--Greece--Crete--Material culture.

Minoans.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (216 pages) : illustrations.

Place of Publication:

Havertown, PA : Institute for Aegean Prehistory Press, 2021.

Summary:

This volume presents the salvage excavation of a Minoan settlement at Bramiana in southeastern Crete that was destroyed during the creation of a new system of agriculture in the 1980s. Excavation of the site provides new evidence for a Bronze Age economy based on trade, agriculture, and craftwork. This publication is a test case for a highly successful new system of organizing all the pottery based on its petrography, sorting it by materials and workshop practices. The results show the existence of an unsuspected large trade network operating across hundreds of kilometers for the routine distribution of cooking pots and other clay vessels and their contents. The Minoan settlement used the lustrous and silky smooth fine ceramics invented presumably in the still undiscovered palace near modern Ierapetra; this technology would be used for the fine Mycenaean tableware of the Late Bronze Age.

Contents:

Intro

Figure 1. Pottery in Cretan South Coast Fabric coarse (1-7). Scale 1:3.

Figure 2. Pottery in Cretan South Coast Fabric coarse (8-13). Scale 1:6 except as marked.

Figure 3. Pottery in Cretan South Coast Fabric coarse (14-27). Scales 1:3 (14, 20-27) and 1:6 (15-19).

Figure 4. Pottery in Cretan South Coast Fabric fine (28-47). Scale 1:3.

Figure 5. Pottery in Cretan South Coast Fabric fine (48-60), fine with clay pellets (61-63). Scale 1:3.

Figure 6. Pottery in Cretan South Coast Fabric fine with clay pellets (61-88). Scale 1:3.

Figure 7. In-and-out bowls, Group A (89-92). Interior views on top and exterior views below for 90 and 92. Scale 1:3.

Figure 8. In-and-out bowls, Group A (93-97), Group B (98-100). Interior view on top and exterior view below for 98. Scale 1:3.

Figure 9. In-and-out bowls, Group C (101-103), Group D (104), Group E (105, 106). Pottery in Mirabello Fabric (107-110). Interior view on left and exterior view on right for 106. Scale 1:3.

Figure 10. Pottery in Mirabello Fabric (111-122). Scale 1:3.

Figure 11. Pottery in Mirabello Fabric (123-133). Scale 1:3.

Figure 12. Pottery in Mirabello Fabric (134-147). Scales 1:3 (134-137) and 1:6 (138-147).

Figure 13. Pottery in Mirabello Fabric (148-166). Scales 1:6 (148-153) and 1:3 (154-166).

Figure 14. Pottery in Mirabello Fabric (167-182). Scale 1:3.

Figure 15. Pottery in Mirabello Fabric (183-191). Scale 1:3.

Figure 16. Pottery in metamorphic fabrics (192-206). Scale 1:3.

Figure 17. Pottery in Metamorphic Fabric with Silvery Phyllite from Palaikastro (207-215). Ritual vessels in Mirabello Fabric (216, 217). Scale 1:3.

Figure 18. Ritual vessels in Mirabello Fabric (218-224). Pottery in Calcite-Tempered Fabric (225-231), calcareous fabric with quartz (232, 233), and Fine Fabric with Clay Pellets and Microfossils (234). Scale 1:3.

Figure 19. Ground stone tools (235-240). Scale 1:3.

Plate 1. Pottery in Cretan South Coast Fabric coarse (1-6, 9, 10, 13-21). Scale 1:3.

Plate 2. Pottery in Cretan South Coast Fabric fine (28-33, 35-38, 43-46, 50-60). Scale 1:3.

Plate 3. Pottery in Cretan South Coast Fabric fine with clay pellets (62, 64, 65, 68-73, 75-88). Exterior view on left, interior view on right for 64, 75, and 79. Scale 1:3.

Plate 4. In-and-out bowls (89-106). Exterior views on top, interior views below, single sherds are exterior views. Scale 1:3.

Plate 5. Pottery in Mirabello Fabric (111, 114, 115, 119, 123, 124, 126, 128, 131, 133-138, 140-143, 145-148). Exterior view on left, interior view on right for 133 and 135. Scale 1:3.

Plate 6. Pottery in Mirabello Fabric (149-160, 162-167, 169, 171-175, 177, 191). Scale 1:3.

Plate 7. Pottery in metamorphic fabric (192-194, 198, 203), Metamorphic Fabric with Silvery Phyllite from Palaikastro (207-209, 211, 213), and ritual vessels in Mirabello Fabric (216-219). Two views of 211, interior views of 216, exterior view on left and

Plate 8. Ritual vessels in Mirabello Fabric (223, 224). Pottery in Calcite-Tempered Fabric (225-229, 231), calcareous fabric with quartz (232, 233), and Fine Fabric with Clay Pellets and Microfossils (234). Exterior views on top and interior views below f

Plate 9. Ground stone tools (235-240). Scale 1:3.

Acknowledgments

Preface

List of Abbreviations

Introduction and Methodology

Vili Apostolakou, Philip P. Betancourt, and Thomas M. Brogan

Petrographic Analysis of the Pottery from Bramiana

Eleni Nodarou

Coarse Cretan South Coast Fabrics

Philip P. Betancourt

Fine Cretan South Coast Fabrics 1

Amie S. Gluckman

Fine Cretan South Coast Fabrics 2: With Pellets

Amie S. Gluckman and Philip P. Betancourt.

Fine Cretan South Coast Fabrics 3: In-and-Out Bowls

Florence S.C. Hsu

Granitic-Dioritic (Mirabello) Fabrics

Sydney R. Sarasin

Metamorphic Fabrics 1

Lily Bonga

Metamorphic Fabrics 2: Fabric from Palaikastro

Lily bonga

Ritual Vessels

Calcite-Tempered Fabrics

Philip P. Betancourt and Eleni Nodarou

Uncommon Fabric Groups

Ground Stone Implements

Heidi M.C. Dierckx

Vitrified Clay Fragments

Antonia Stamos, Eleni Nodarou, and Philip P. Betancourt

Building Materials

Other Finds

Conclusions on the Clay Vessels and Their Fabrics

Trade at bramiana

Thomas M. brogan

Reconstructing the History of bramiana

Philip P. betancourt and Thomas M. brogan

Before and After: Reconstructing the Bramiana Landscape through Historical Aerial Imagery

Konstantinos Chalikias

Final Comments

Philip P. Betancourt and Thomas M. Brogan

References

Bramiana Excavation Numbers (BR) and Catalog Numbers

Index

Illustration 1. Map of Crete showing some sites mentioned in the text. Drawing P. Betancourt.

Illustration 2. Map of the isthmus of Ierapetra and the neighboring regions with some sites mentioned in the text. Drawing P. Betancourt.

Illustration 4. Satellite image of the region surrounding the Bramiana Reservoir and south to the coast. The white rectangles are greenhouses. Photo Google Earth.

Illustration 5. Satellite image of the Bramiana Reservoir showing the site and the dam. Photo Google Earth.

Illustration 6. The site of Bramiana on the peninsula, looking north from the center of the dam in 2015. Photo P. Betancourt.

Illustration 7. Looking south from the center of the dam in 2015 with eucalyptus trees at the base of the dam and the plastic roofs of greenhouses visible in the distance on the left. Photo P. Betancourt.

Illustration 8. Olive trees growing on the flattened area near the archaeological remains at Bramiana in 2015, looking north. Photo P. Betancourt.

Illustration 9. Map of the larger region around the Ierapetra Isthmus. Contour interval 100 m. Drawing P. Betancourt.

Illustration 10. Plan of the sectors (S) and trenches (E) at Bramiana. Drawing A. Stamos.

Illustration 11. Fieldwalkers conducting the surface survey in Sectors S300 and S400 at Bramiana in 2011, looking southwest. Photo M. Eaby.

Illustration 12. Sectors S100 and S200, looking west. Photo P. Betancourt.

Illustration 13. Sector S200, area flattened by the bulldozers, looking north. Photo P. Betancourt.

Illustration 14. Sectors S301-S305 after excavation in 2011, from the east. Photo M. Eaby.

Illustration 15. Sectors S301-S305 after excavation in 2011, from the west. Photo M. Eaby.

Illustration 16. Concordance of the vessels sampled for petrographic analysis, in order by fabric group.

Illustration 17. Petrography sections: (a) Fabric Group 1, Metamorphic Fabric with Silvery Phyllite (BRM 13/89, 210)

(b) Fabric Subgroup 2a, metamorphic (BRM 13/79, 204). Magnification x25. Photomicrographs E. Nodarou.

Illustration 18. Petrography sections: (a) Fabric Subgroup 2b, metamorphic with elongate phyllites (BRM 13/51, 200)

(b) Fabric Group 2, metamorphic loner (BRM 13/95, 201). Magnification x25. Photomicrographs E. Nodarou.

Illustration 19. Petrography sections: (a) Fabric Group 2, metamorphic overfired (BRM 13/23, 199)

(b) Fabric Group 3, Cretan South Coast, low fired (BRM 13/101, 24). Magnification x25. Photomicrographs E. Nodarou.

Illustration 20. Petrography sections: (a) Fabric Group 4, Cretan South Coast, jar fabric (BRM 13/13, 10) (x50)

(b) Fabric Subgroup 5a, granitic dioritic with fine matrix and clay pellets (BRM 13/18, 126). (x25). Photomicrographs E. Nodarou.

Illustration 21. Petrography sections: (a) Fabric Subgroup 5b, granitic dioritic, biotite rich (BRM 13/1, 123)

(b) Fabric Subgroup 5c, granitic dioritic, calcareous (BRM 13/33, 113). Magnification x25. Photomicrographs E. Nodarou.

Illustration 22. Petrography sections: (a) Fabric Subgroup 6a, granitic dioritic, red with frequent granitic inclusions (BRM 13/9, 110)

(b) Fabric Subgroup 6b, granitic dioritic with micritic inclusions (BRM 13/112, 222). Magnification x25. Photomicrogra

Illustration 23. Petrography sections: (a) Fabric Subgroup 6c, granitic dioritic, low fired (BRM 13/24, 188)

(b) Fabric Group 6, granitic dioritic, overfired (BRM 13/28, 189). Magnification x25. Photomicrographs E. Nodarou.

Illustration 24. Petrography sections: (a) Fabric Subgroup 7a, semi-fine to fine with clay pellets (BRM 13/4, 76)

(b) Fabric Subgroup 7b, very fine with clay pellets (BRM 13/7, 81). Magnification x25. Photomicrographs E. Nodarou.

Illustration 25. Petrography sections: (a) Loner 1 (BRM 13/151, 89)

(f) Loner 2 (BRM 13/158, 97). Magnification x25. Photomicrographs E. Nodarou.

Illustration 26. Petrography sections: (a) Loner 3 (BRM 13/164, 92)

(b) Loner 4, fine with clay pellets and microfossils (BRM 13/108, 234). Magnification x25. Photomicrographs E. Nodarou.

Illustration 27. Petrography sections: (a) Fabric Group 8, calcareous with quartz (BRM 13/59, 232) (x50)

(b) raw material from the plain of Bramiana

Magnification (x25). Photomicrographs E. Nodarou.

Illustration 28. Petrography sections: (a) Fabric Group 9, calcite and grog tempered (BRM 13/2, 225).

(b) Loner 5, grog tempered (BRM 13/50, 231), G = grog fragments Magnification x25. Photomicrographs E. Nodarou.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

1-62303-435-3

OCLC:

1281977126

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.