Bioanalytical tools in water quality assessment / Beate Escher, Peta Neale and Frederic Leusch.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Escher, Beate Isabella, author.

Neale, Peta, author.

Leusch, Frederic, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Water quality biological assessment.

Water quality--Measurement.

Water quality.

Physical Description:

xxvi, 451 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 24 cm

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

London, UK : IWA Publishing, 2021.

Contents:

Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction To Bioanalytical Tools In Water Quality Assessment

1.1. Background

1.2. Organic micropollutants

1.2.1. Defining the issue

1.2.2. Transformation products

1.2.3. Low concentrations and mixtures

1.3. Environmental toxicology

1.4. Environmental risk assessment

1.5. Bioanalytical tools

1.5.1. In vivo and in vitro bioassays

1.5.2. Cell-based bioassays

1.5.3. Modes of action

1.6. Bioassay selection and design of test batteries

1.6.1. Design of test batteries

1.6.2. Protection-goal-motivated test battery design

1.6.3. Chemical-group-motivated test battery design

1.7. Chemical analysis and bioanalytical tools are complementary monitoring tools

1.8. Applications

1.9. Conclusion

ch. 2 Risk Assessment Of Chemicals

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Current risk assessment of chemicals

2.2.1. Hazard identification

2.2.2. Effect assessment

2.2.3. Exposure assessment

2.2.4. Risk characterisation

2.2.5. Uncertainty analysis

2.2.6. Risk management

2.3. Application of bioanalytical tools in chemical risk assessment

ch. 3 Water Quality Assessment And Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing

3.1. Background

3.2. Derivation of guideline values

3.3. Human use of water

3.3.1. Drinking water

3.3.2. Recycled water, stormwater and managed aquifer recharge

3.3.3. Dealing with unregulated chemicals in water

3.4. Aquatic ecosystems

3.5. Comparison of environmental and drinking water guideline values

3.6. Whole effluent toxicity

3.6.1. Test systems in aquatic ecotoxicology commonly applied to WET testing

3.6.2. In situ WET testing

3.6.3. Biomarkers in WET testing

3.6.4. `WET testing' using bioanalytical tools

3.7. Conclusions

ch. 4 Modes Of Action And Toxicity Pathways

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Toxicokinetics

4.2.1. Uptake, distribution and elimination

4.2.2. Xenobiotic metabolism

4.2.3. Toxicokinetic indicators of chemical exposure

4.3. Toxicodynamic processes: toxicity pathways

4.4. Mode of action classification

4.4.1. Non-specific toxicity

4.4.2. Specific modes of action

4.4.3. Reactive toxicity

4.5. Keeping the right balance: adaptive stress response pathways

4.6. Conclusions

ch. 5 Toxicity Pathways Of Chemicals In Humans

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Route of exposure

5.3. Basal cytoxicity

5.4. Target organ toxicity

5.4.1. Hepatotoxicity

5.4.2. Nephrotoxicity

5.4.3. Cardiovascular toxicity

5.5. Non-organ-directed toxicity

5.5.1. Carcinogenicity

5.5.2. Developmental toxicology

5.6. System toxicity

5.6.1. Haematotoxicity

5.6.2. Immunotoxicity

5.6.3. Neurotoxicity

5.6.4. Endocrine toxicity

5.6.5. Reproductive toxicity

5.7. Conclusions

ch. 6 Adverse Outcome Pathways Of Chemicals In Aquatic Organisms

6.1. Introduction

6.2. From the cellular level to the ecosystem

6.3. Adverse outcome pathways for aquatic organisms

6.3.1. Adverse outcome pathways for algae

6.3.2. Adverse outcome pathways for invertebrates

6.3.3. Adverse outcome pathways for fish

6.4. Using in vitro assays to understand toxicity pathways in aquatic life

6.5. Conclusions

ch. 7 Dose-Response Assessment

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Dose-response assessment

7.2.1. Dose-response curves

7.2.2. Dose benchmark values

7.2.3. Continuum of toxicity

7.3. Concentration-response assessment

7.3.1. `Concentration' versus `dose'

7.3.2. `Response' can mean toxicity or effect

7.3.3. Concentration-response modelling

7.3.4. Concentration benchmark values

7.3.5. Simultaneous effect and cytotoxicity in a cell-based assay

7.3.6. Evaluating the linear portion of concentration-effect curves

7.3.7. Antagonistic effects

7.4. Concentration-response curves of water samples

7.5. Bioanalytical equivalency concept

7.5.1. Relative effect potency

7.5.2. Toxic units and toxic equivalent concentration

7.5.3. Effect units and bioanalytical equivalent concentration

7.6. Conclusions

ch. 8 Mixtures

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Toxicity/effects of defined mixtures

8.2.1. Independent action

8.2.2. Concentration or dose addition

8.2.3. Synergistic and antagonistic effects

8.2.4. Grouping of chemicals

8.2.5. Something from nothing?

8.3. Assessment of concentration-additive effects using the toxic equivalency concept

8.4. Mixtures in risk assessment

8.4.1. Concepts

8.4.2. Do we have account for mixture effects in risk assessment?

8.4.3. Mixtures in chemicals regulations

8.5. Mixtures and water quality

8.5.1. What type of mixture effects occur in water samples?

8.5.2. How much of the measured effects in water sample can be explained by known and detected chemicals?

8.5.3. Mixture effects at very low effect levels (>10%)

8.5.4. Component-based prediction of mixture toxicity in water

8.6. Conclusion

ch. 9 In Vitro Assays For The Risk Assessment Of Chemicals

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Application of new approach methods in regulation

9.2.1. Alternatives to animal testing methods

9.2.2. Integrated testing strategy in the European Union

9.2.3. Toxicity testing in the 21st century (Tox21) strategy in the United States

9.3. Application of in vitro assays in risk assessment

9.3.1. A paradigm shift in human health risk assessment

9.3.2. Quantitative adverse outcome pathways

9.3.3. Quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation

9.3.4. Next-generation risk assessment

9.3.5. Applications of new approach methods for environmental risk assessment

9.4. Exposure in in vitro bioassays

9.4.1. Dose-metrics in cell assays

9.4.2. Serum-mediated passive dosing

9.4.3. Metabolism in cell-based bioassays

9.5. Baseline toxicity and specificity of response

9.6. Practical considerations for dosing of chemicals

9.7. Conclusions

ch. 10 Current Bioanalytical Tools For Water Quality Assessment

10.1. Introduction

10.2. Principles of cell-based bioassays

10.3. Bioassays indicative of xenobiotic metabolism

10.3.1. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

10.3.2. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y

10.3.3. Pregnane X receptor

10.4. Bioassays indicative of hormone receptor-mediated effects

10.4.1. Estrogen receptor

10.4.2. Androgen receptor

10.4.3. Glucocorticoid receptor

10.4.4. Progesterone receptor

10.4.5. Thyroid receptor

10.4.6. Mineralocorticoid receptor

10.4.7. Retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor

10.5. Bioassays indicative of other receptor-mediated Effects

10.5.1. Phytotoxicity

10.5.2. Neurotoxicity

10.5.3. Other assays

10.6. Bioassays indicative of reactive toxicity

10.6.1. Genotoxicity

10.6.2. Mutagenicity

10.6.3. Non-genotoxic electrophilic mechanisms

10.6.4. Oxidative stress

10.7. Bioassays indicative of adaptive stress responses

10.7.1. Oxidative stress response

10.7.2. p53 response

10.7.3. NF-kB response

10.8. Bioassays indicative of apical effects

10.8.1. Cytotoxicity

10.8.2. Algal growth inhibition

10.8.3. Fish embryo toxicity

10.9. Conclusions

ch. 11 Quality Assurance And Quality Control (Qa Qc)

11.1. Introduction

11.2. Method validation

11.2.1. Accuracy

11.2.2. Precision

11.2.3. Robustness

11.2.4. Quality

11.2.5. Matrix interference

11.2.6. Sensitivity

11.3. QA/QC in the laboratory

11.3.1. Practical considerations

11.3.2. Replication

11.3.3. Quality control samples

11.3.4. Control charts and fixed control criteria

11.3.5. Standardisation and documentation

11.3.6. Guidelines

11.3.7. High-throughput screening

11.4. Conclusions

ch. 12 Sampling, Sample Preparation And Dosing

12.1. Introduction

12.2. Water sampling strategies

12.3. Sample pre-treatment options

12.3.1. Water sample preservation and storage

12.3.2. Water sample filtration

12.4. Extraction of water samples

12.4.1. Extraction versus testing the entire water sample

12.4.2. Solid-phase extraction

12.4.3. Passive sampling

12.4.4. Liquid-liquid extraction

12.4.5. Capturing volatile chemicals

12.5. Solid-phase extraction

12.5.1. Solid-phase extraction sorbents

12.5.2. Solid-phase extraction procedure

12.5.3. Effect recovery by solid-phase extraction

12.6. Sample collection and sample processing flow chart

12.7. Dosing into bioassays

12.8. Conclusions

ch. 13 Design Of Test Batteries And Interpretation Of Bioassay Results

13.1. Introduction

13.2. Test batteries

13.2.1. Test battery design

13.2.2. Multiplex bioassays serving as test batteries

13.2.3. Routine test batteries for monitoring applications

13.3. Linking bioassay results with chemical analysis: iceberg modelling

13.3.1. Iceberg modelling

13.3.2. Effect-directed analysis

13.4. Category 1 and category 2 bioassays

13.5. Effect-based trigger values

13.5.1. Approaches to derive effect-based trigger values for category 1 bioassays

13.5.2. Approaches to derive effect-based trigger (EBT) values for category 2 bioassays

13.5.3. Approaches to derive effect-based trigger (EBT) values from read-across of in vivo data

Contents note continued: 13.6. What to do if a water extract exceeds the effect-based trigger value?

13.7. Conclusions

ch. 14 Case Studies

14.1. Introduction

14.2. Case Study 1: treatment of drinking water

14.3. Case Study 2: quality of recycled water

14.4. Case Study 3: wastewater treatment

14.5. Case Study 4: surface water impacted by wastewater treatment plant effluent

14.6. Case Study 5: benchmarking surface water quality across the USA

14.7. Case Study 6: benchmarking surface water quality in small streams during rain events

14.8. Conclusions

ch. 15 Application Of Bioanalytical Tools Beyond Water: Sediment And Biota

15.1. Introduction

15.2. Suspended particulate matter, sediment and soil

15.2.1. Suspended particulate matter

15.2.2. Sediments

15.2.3. Soil

15.3. Particles in air and dust

15.4. Biota

15.4.1. Blood

15.4.2. Tissue

15.5. Human biomonitoring

15.6. Conclusion

ch. 16 A Promising Future For Bioanalytical Tools

16.1. Introduction

16.2. Achievements so far

16.2.1. A sound guidance for selection of bioassays based on the conceptual framework of toxicity pathways

16.2.2. A more comprehensive measure of the realm of organic pollutants

16.2.3. Effect-based trigger values

16.3. Challenges

16.3.1. Matrix effects and extraction methods

16.3.2. Dosing into cell-based bioassays

16.3.3. Linking bioanalysis with chemical analysis

16.3.4. Linking bioanalysis with whole-animal testing

16.3.5. Bioassays that require further development

16.4. Future opportunities

16.4.1. The `omics' revolution

16.4.2. Three-dimensional cell models and organ- and animal-on-a-chip systems to better model whole organism response

16.4.3. Moving from offline to online monitoring

16.4.4. Towards ultra-high-throughput testing, multiple assays and artificial intelligence-assisted bioinformatics

16.5. The road to regulatory acceptance

16.6. Conclusions.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Other Format:

ebook version :

ISBN:

9781789061970

1789061970

OCLC:

1192969347

Publisher Number:

99988703217