GAARs : a key element of tax systems in the post-beps world / edited by Michael Lang [and five others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Lang, Michael, 1965- editor.

Series:

WU Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law European and international tax law and policy series ; Volume 3.

WU Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law European and international tax law and policy series ; Volume 3

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Secretary-General. Action plan on base erosion and profit shifting.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Transfer pricing--Taxation--Law and legislation.

Transfer pricing.

Tax evasion--Prevention--International cooperation.

Tax evasion.

Tax planning.

International business enterprises--Taxation--Law and legislation.

International business enterprises.

Tax evasion--Law and legislation.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (748 pages) : illustrations.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, The Netherlands : IBFD, 2016.

Summary:

This book investigates the various understandings of and approaches towards tax avoidance in 39 countries.

Contents:

Intro

Title Page

Copyright Page

Table of Contents

Foreword

Chapter 1: General Report: GAARs

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Models

1.3. When is the GAAR used?

1.4. Taxpayer's purpose

1.5. Counterfactual

1.6. Abuse of the anti-abuse rule

1.7. GAARs and SAARs

1.8. GAARs and tax treaties

1.9. GAARs and EU law

1.10. Alternatives to a GAAR

1.11. Looking forward

Chapter 2: European Union

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Requirements for applying the GAAR

2.2.1. The ATP Rec

2.2.2. Objective element

2.2.3. Subjective element

2.2.4. Taxes subject to the GAAR

2.2.5. Limits to the concept of a GAAR

2.2.6. Burden of proof

2.3. Legal consequences of applying a GAAR

2.4. GAARs and SAARs (specific anti-avoidance rules)

2.5. GAARs and tax treaties

2.5.1. EU law and tax treaties as international agreements

2.5.2. Interface between GAARs and tax treaties

2.5.3. Closing observations

2.6. GAARS and EU law requirements

2.6.1. Can the GAAR be tested against the freedoms?

2.6.2. The case law of the ECJ

2.6.2.1 Introduction

2.6.2.2. The concept of tax abuse

2.7. GAARs and recent European developments

Chapter 3: Australia

3.1. GAARs - An emerging trend in the tax landscape

3.1.1. Introduction

3.1.2. Australia's early rules dealing with BEPS

3.1.3. Australia's recent GAAR rules dealing with BEPS

3.2. Requirements for the application of GAARs

3.2.1. Elements of the GAAR

3.2.2. Elections and options

3.2.3. The GAAR panel

3.3. Consequences of applying GAARs

3.3.1. Cancellation of the "tax benefit"

3.3.2. Penalties

3.4. GAARs and SAARs (specific anti-avoidance rules)

3.4.1. Defining SAARs

3.5. GAARs and tax treaties

3.6. GAARs and EU law requirements

3.7. GAARs and recent European developments

3.8. Alternatives to GAARs.

Chapter 4: Austria

4.1. GAARs - An emerging trend in the tax landscape

4.2. Requirements for the application of GAARs

4.3. Legal consequences of applying GAARs

4.4. GAARs and SAARs (specific anti-avoidance rules)

4.5. GAARs and tax treaties

4.6. GAARs and EU law requirements

4.7. GAARs and recent European developments

4.8. Alternatives to GAARs

Chapter 5: Belgium

5.1. GAARs - An emerging trend in the tax landscape

5.1.1. The principle of the legality of tax and the free choice of the least taxed way in the Belgian legal order

5.1.2. The former GAARs in the Belgian legal order

5.1.3. The new GAARs in the Belgian legal order

5.2. Requirements for the application of GAARs

5.2.1. The scope of the non-enforceability rule

5.2.2. The objective and subjective elements of the concept of tax abuse

5.2.3. The burden of proof

5.2.4. The entry into force of the new GAARs

5.2.5. The circular letters of the tax administration

5.3. Legal consequences of applying GAARs

5.3.1. The tax authorities' power to recharacterize the taxpayer's legal acts

5.3.2. The Constitutional Court's decision on the new GAARs

5.3.3. Advance rulings?

5.4. GAARs and SAARs (specific anti-avoidance rules)

5.5. GAARs and tax treaties

5.6. GAARs and EU law requirements

5.7. GAARs and recent European developments

5.8. Alternatives to GAARs

Chapter 6: Brazil

6.1. GAARs - An emerging trend in the tax landscape

6.1.1. The previous formalist approach

6.1.2. Legislative moves towards a GAAR

6.1.2.1. An awkward first step: The inaccuracy of Complementary Law no. 104/01

6.1.2.2. The subsequent stumble: The rejection of Provisional Measure no. 66/02

6.1.2.3. Winds from the BEPS Plan: Mandatory disclosure of tax planning

6.1.3. Giving up formal legality: The CARF's recent approach to tax planning.

6.1.3.1. The misuse of the sham doctrine as a facade for the business purpose approach

6.1.3.2. No more sham: The Lupatech case

6.1.4. Problems of giving up legality

6.1.4.1. Legal certainty and retroactivity

6.1.4.2. Equality and legal reasoning

6.2. Requirements for the application of GAARs

6.2.1. Selected issues decided by the CARF

6.3. Legal consequences of applying GAARs

6.4. GAARs and SAARs (specific anti-avoidance rules)

6.4.1. Brazilian transfer pricing legislation: A compromise for practicability

6.4.2. Brazilian thin capitalization rules: An unnecessary movement

6.4.3. Transfer pricing and thin capitalization: Harmonious coexistence

6.4.4. Brazilian CFC rules: A SAAR?

6.5. GAARs and tax treaties

6.5.1. SAARs in the Brazilian treaty framework: A growing trend

6.5.2. The Eagle II case: Tax treaties not a lifeline for abusive "stratagems"

6.6. GAARs and EU law requirements

6.7. GAARs and recent European developments

6.8. Alternatives to GAARS

Chapter 7: Canada

7.1. GAARs - An emerging trend in the tax landscape

7.1.1. Introduction

7.1.2. Reasons for adopting the GAAR

7.1.3. Canada's GAAR and the BEPS project

7.1.4. Canadian law of tax avoidance and abuse of right

7.1.5. GAARs and indirect taxation

7.2. Requirements for application of GAARs

7.2.1. Introduction

7.2.2. "Tax benefit"

7.2.3. "Avoidance transaction"

7.2.3.1. "Series of transactions"

7.2.4. "Abuse or misuse"

7.2.5. GAAR statistics

7.2.6. Constitutionality of the GAAR

7.2.7. Advance disclosure of aggressive avoidance transactions

7.3. Legal consequences of applying GAARs

7.3.1. Denial of the tax benefit

7.3.2. The GAAR Committee

7.4. GAARs and SAARs (specific anti-avoidance rules)

7.5. GAARs and tax treaties

7.5.1. General.

7.5.2. GAARs and provincial taxes: A model for an international GAAR?

7.5.3. The Québec shuffle and the strict view of abuse

7.5.4. Ontario Fincos and Alberta's approach to tax avoidance

7.6. GAARS and EU law requirements

7.7. GAARs and recent European developments

7.8. Alternatives to GAARS

Chapter 8: China

8.1. GAARs - An emerging trend in the tax landscape

8.1.1. Overview

8.1.2. Legislative structure of the GAAR

8.1.3. The concept of tax avoidance

8.1.4. Legislative background and debate

8.1.5. Tax evasion, tax avoidance and tax mitigation

8.1.6. Textualism?

8.1.7. Influence of international organizations and other countries

8.1.8. Interaction with other non-taxation measures

8.1.9. Laws similar to the GAAR in other areas

8.2. Requirements for the application of GAARs

8.2.1. Elements of the application of the GAAR

8.2.2. Example of application of the GAAR

8.2.3. Reporting obligation of non-residents for offshore shares transfer

8.2.4. Application of the GAAR beyond the CIT Law

8.3. Legal consequences of applying GAARs

8.4. GAARs and SAARs (specific anti-avoidance rules)

8.4.1. SAARs in China

8.4.1.1. Transfer pricing regime

8.4.1.2. CFC regime

8.4.1.3. Thin capitalization regime

8.5. GAARs and tax treaties

8.5.1. Relationship between the GAAR and tax treaties

8.5.2. Application of the GAAR to counter treaty shopping

8.6. GAARS and EU law requirements

8.7. GAARS and recent European developments

8.8. Alternatives to GAARs

8.8.1. Substance over form principle

8.8.2. Certainty of GAAR application

8.8.3. GAAR Procedure Rule

Chapter 9: Croatia

9.1. GAARs - An emerging trend in the tax landscape

9.2. Requirements for the application of GAARs

9.3. Legal consequences of applying GAARs.

9.4. GAARs and SAARs (specific anti-avoidance rules)

9.5. GAARs and tax treaties

9.6. GAARs and EU law requirements

9.7. GAARS and recent European developments

9.8. Alternatives to GAARs

Chapter 10: Czech Republic

10.1. GAARs - An emerging trend in the tax landscape

10.2. Requirements for the application of GAARs

10.3. Legal consequences of applying GAARs

10.4. GAARs and SAARs (specific anti-avoidance rules)

10.5. GAARs and tax treaties

10.6. GAARs and EU law requirements

10.7. GAARs and recent European developments

10.8. Alternatives to GAARs

Chapter 11: Denmark

11.1. GAARs - An emerging trend in the tax landscape

11.2. Requirements for the application of GAARs

11.3. Legal consequences of applying GAARs

11.4. GAARs and SAARs (specific anti-avoidance rules)

11.5. GAARs and tax treaties

11.6. GAARs and EU law requirements

11.7. GAARs and recent European developments

11.8. Alternatives to GAARs

Chapter 12: Finland

12.1. GAARs - An emerging trend in the tax landscape

12.2. Requirements for the application of GAARs

12.2.1. The provision

12.2.2. Typical situations in which the GAAR is applied

12.2.3. Tax avoidance purpose

12.2.4. Reasons other than tax reasons

12.2.5. Rule of law principle

12.2.6. International aspects

12.3. Legal consequences of applying GAARs

12.3.1. Tax consequences

12.3.2. Advance rulings

12.4. GAARs and SAARs (specific anti-avoidance rules)

12.4.1. SAARs under Finnish tax law

12.4.2. Methods for the elimination of double taxation

12.4.3. Relation between SAARs and GAARs

12.5. GAARs and tax treaties

12.5.1. When can domestic GAARs be applied in tax treaty situations?

12.5.2. Case law

12.6. GAARs and EU law requirements

12.6.1. Relevance of the TFEU freedoms.

12.6.2. Tax avoidance as a justification for restricting the TFEU freedoms.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

90-8722-353-6

OCLC:

993990796