Enzyme inhibition. Environmental and biomedical applications, Volume 1 / edited by G. Baskar, K. Sathish Kumar and K. Tamilarasan.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Baskar, G, Author.

Contributor:

Baskar, G., editor.

Kumar, K. Sathish, editor.

Tamilarasan, K., editor.

Series:

Frontiers in enzyme inhibition series.

Frontiers in Enzyme Inhibition

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Enzyme inhibitors.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (321 pages).

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Singapore : Bentham Science Publishers Pte Ltd., [2020]

Summary:

Enzyme inhibitors play a pivotal role in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. The primary understanding of the action of inhibitors helps pharmacologists during the design process for developing new therapeutic drugs. Most drugs treat various chronic and life threatening diseases owing to their specificity and the potency of enzymes which they can inhibit. Enzyme inhibitors are used to screen various levels of diseases which propel the growth of inhibitors. The potential for enzyme inhibitors in the therapeutics market is very high as the biochemical properties and classes of enzyme inhibiting products are readily available. The other broad aspect of enzyme inhibition is their application in analytical sensors. These sensors assist in monitoring various environmental factors. Understanding the mechanism of inhibition and regeneration of enzymes is a general problem of great importance for many biochemists and biotechnologists especially when using immobilized enzymes. This reference compiles applied information about enzyme inhibitors used in medicine and environmental monitoring applications. Chapters presented in this volume cover special topics including biosensors, crop improvements in agriculture, biofuel production, pesticide and heavy metal detection, and drug therapy for human diseases such as breast cancer, neurological diseases and viral infections. The collection of topics in this volume makes it an informative resource for readers at all academic levels on the applications of enzyme inhibitors in medicine and environmental sciences.

Contents:

Cover

Title

Copyright

End User License Agreement

Contents

Preface

List of Contributors

Introduction to Enzyme Inhibition - Environmental and Biomedical Applications

G. Baskar1,*, R. Aiswarya1, K. Sathish Kumar2 and K. Tamilarasan3

CONCLUSION

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Enzyme Inhibition in Therapeutic Applications

A. Saravanan1,*, R. Jayasree1, T.R. Sundaraman1, R.V. Hemavathy1, S. Jeevanantham1, P. Senthil Kumar2 and P. R. Yaashikaa2

INTRODUCTION

ENZYME INHIBITION

TYPES OF ENZYME INHIBITION

Reversible Enzyme Inhibition

Competitive Reversible Inhibition

Non-competitive Reversible Inhibition

Uncompetitive Reversible Inhibition

Irreversible Inhibition

ENZYME INHIBITION: MECHANISM AND SCOPE

Inhibition of Asparaginase

Inhibition of Glycosidases

SOME THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS

Serine Protease Inhibitors

Serine Protease Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment

Serine Protease Inhibitors as Antiviral Specialists

Phosphodiesterases

Matrix Metalloproteinases

Histone Deacetylases

Analytical Aspects of Biosensor Based on Enzyme Inhibition

A. Saravanan1,*, S. Jeevanantham1, P. Senthil Kumar2 and P. R. Yaashikaa2

Most Sensors Comprise of Three Chief Segments

WORKING OF BIOSENSORS

GENERAL FEATURES OF BIOSENSORS

BIOCOMPONENT

PRINCIPLE OF A BIOSENSOR

Transducer Selection for Biosensors

BIO SENSING METHOD

Sorts of Biosensors

Calorimetric Biosensors

Amperometric Biosensors

Optical Biosensors

USES OF BIOSENSORS IN VARIOUS FIELDS

The Biosensor in Light of Enzyme Inhibition

Strategies in View of Enzyme Inhibition Biosensors.

Strategies in Light of Enzyme Inhibition Biosensing Frameworks

Nonstop Strategies in View of Enzyme Inhibition

IMMOBILIZATION EFFECT ON BIOSENSOR RESPONSE

PARAMETERS INFLUENCING THE EXECUTION OF ENZYMATIC BIOSENSORS

Impact of pH

Impact of Substrate Concentration

ENZYME INHIBITION BASED BIOSENSOR

Glucose Oxidation Inhibition

Tyrosinase Inhibition

Urease Inhibition

Cholinesterase Inhibition

ASSURANCE OF PESTICIDES

RNA Silencing in Enzyme Inhibition and its Role in Crop Improvement

S. Justin Packia Jacob*

Antisense System in Nature

Ribozymes

Antisense RNA

Antisense Mechanism

Delayed Fruit Ripening in Tomato by Silencing Polygalacturonase (PG) Enzyme using Antisense RNA

RNA Interference (RNAi)

Lysine and Threonine Increase in Maize by Silencing LKR/SDH Enzyme

High Amylose Sweetpotato using Silencing of 1,4-α-ᴅ-glucan-6-α- [1,4-glucan]-transferase

Low Gossypol Cotton Seed by Silencing

Low PhytateRice by Silencing Inositol Phosphate Kinases

Enhancing β-Carotene Content in Potato by RNAi-mediated Silencing of the β-Carotene Hydroxylase

Lachrymatory Synthase Enzyme Suppression in Tearless Onion

Enzyme Biosensors Based on Enzyme Inhibition for Pesticide and Heavy Metal Detection

Elsa Cherian1,* and G Baskar2

HISTORY OF BIOSENSOR

TYPES OF BIOSENSOR

Antigen-antibody Interaction-based Biosensors

Biosensors Based on Nucleic Acid

Biosensors Based on Microbial Cells

Enzyme Based Biosensors

INFLUENCE OF ENZYME INHIBITION ON THE WORKING OF BIOSENSOR

APPLICATION OF ENZYME INHIBITION BASED BIOSENSOR IN ENVIRONMENTAL FIELD.

Pesticide Detection

Cholinesterase-Based Biosensors

Alkaline Phosphatase Based Biosensor

Peroxidase-Based Biosensors

Tyrosinase-Based Biosensors

Heavy Metal Detection

Recent Insights of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors in Therapeutic Applications

Ravichandran Rathna, Bethu Madhumitha, Ravichandran Viveka and Ekambaram Nakkeeran*

MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE

MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE INHIBITORS

Endogenous Inhibitors

Exogenous Inhibitors

THERAPEUTIC ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Arthritis

Autoimmune Disease

Inflammations

Cancer

Cardiovascular Diseases

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS AND OBSTACLES

CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Current Potentialities and Perspectives of Enzyme Inhibition Based Biosensor

Senthil Nagappan1, Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan2, Nilavunesan Dhandapani1 and Ekambaram Nakkeeran1,*

FUNDAMENTALS OF ENZYME INHIBITION BASED BIOSENSOR

Enzyme Inhibitors

Enzyme Inhibitors Kinetics

Components of Biosensor

Transducer

Substrate

Enzymes

Immobilization

ENZYME INHIBITION BASED BIOSENSOR IN ENVIRONMENTAL POTENTIALITIES

Heavy Metals

Pesticides

Toxins

ENZYME INHIBITION BASED BIOSENSOR IN PHARMACEUTICALS POTENTIALITIES

ENZYME INHIBITION BASED BIOSENSOR IN FOOD INDUSTRY

APPLICATIONS IN OTHER MAJOR FIELDS

FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

CONCLUDING REMARKS

Product Inhibition in Bioethanol Fermentation: An Overview

E. Raja Sathendra1,*, G. Baskar2 and R. Praveen Kumar1

LIGNOCELLULOSIC PRETREATMENT

Pretreatment Strategy.

Detoxication of Lignocellulosic Hydrolysate

MICROORGANISM FOR ETHANOL FERMENTATION

Saccharification and Fermentation

Distillation

Dehydration

INHIBITION OF ETHANOLIC FERMENTATION

5. GROWTH KINETICS

PRODUCT INHIBITION VALIDATION

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Fermentation Strategies to Minimize Product Inhibition in Bioethanol Production

Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe*, Nelson Libardi Junior, Cristine Rodrigues, Joyce Gueiros Wanderley Siqueira and Carlos Ricardo Soccol

BIOETHANOL MICROBIAL STRAINS

BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM DIFFERENT FEEDSTOCKS

Sucrose Sources

Starch Sources

Lignocellulose-based Feedstock

FEEDSTOCK PRETREATMENT AND ETHANOL PRODUCTION INHIBITION

Thermochemical Pretreatments

Acid Pretreatments

Steam Explosion

Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX)

Alkaline Pretreatment

Hot Pressured Water

Organosolv

Oxidative Methods

ILs

Biological Pretreatment

Enzymatic Hydrolysis

FACTORS THAT AFFECT BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION

High Temperature

High Bioethanol Concentration

Substrate Composition

Other Factors

IMMOBILIZATION OF CELLS AS A SOLUTION TO REDUCE BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION INHIBITION

GENETIC MODIFICATION OF BIOETHANOL-PRODUCING STRAINS

Toxicity and Structural Activity Relationship of Persistent Organic Pollutants

Ankur Khare1,2, Pradip Jadhao1,2, Sonam Paliya1,2 and Kanchan Kumari1,2,*

DIFFERENT POPS (PCBS, PBDES, AND PFOS) KNOWN AND ALTERATION IN ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDEs)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA).

NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS OF POPS

Possible Mode of Action(s)

Effects on Neurotransmitters System

Dose-Response Effects on Intracellular Signalling

Effect on Different Cellular Pathways and Molecules Involved

Effect on Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway

Effect on the Immune System

Pathway of Genetic Toxicity

Effect on Thyroid Hormone System

Effect of PCB on Thyroid Hormone System

Effect of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers on Thyroid Hormone System

Effect of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) on the Thyroid hormone system

MAJOR PATHWAY OF POPS METABOLISM AND ENZYMATIC ALTERATIONS

Effect on Cytochrome P (CYP) Enzyme

Effect on EROD Activity

Effect of PCBs on Xenobiotic Biotransformation Enzymes

STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP (SAR)

Why SAR?

Elements of SAR and SAR Models

SAR and Associated Toxicity Mechanism

Enzyme Inhibitors for Breast Cancer Therapy

Hariharan Jayaraman1, Praveen Kumar Posa Krishnamoorthy1, Lakshmi Suresh1, Mahalakshmi Varadan1, Aparna Madan1 and Balu Ranganathan2,3,*

Mammary Gland Anatomical Construction

Breast Carcinogenesis

Cancer in the Duct

Cancer in the Lobules

Cancer in the Nipple

Enzymes Predominantly in the Breast

Aromatase

Cyclooxygenases

Location

Mechanism

COX-2 Inhibitors

LYSYL OXIDASE

Mechanism of Action

Genetics

Tumorigenesis

HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES

17β- Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase

3β- Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase

Tousled-like Kinases

Drugs Used to Inhibit Enzymes Involved in Breast Cancer

Anastrazole

Side-effects

Exemestane

Celecoxib

Drug Inhibitors of HSD17B

Drug Inhibitors of HSD3B.

Potential Drugs as TLK2 Inhibitors.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9789811460821

9811460825

OCLC:

1191241590