Oxford Latin syntax. Volume II, the complex sentence and discourse / Harm Pinkster.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Pinkster, Harm, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Latin language--Syntax.

Latin language.

Physical Description:

xxxii, 1438 pages ; 26 cm

Other Title:

Complex sentence and discourse

Place of Publication:

[Place of publication not identified] : Oxford University Press, 2021.

Summary:

In this two-volume work, the first full-scale treatment of its kind in English, Harm Pinkster applies contemporary linguistic theories and the findings of traditional grammar to the study of Latin syntax. He takes a non-technical and principally descriptive approach, based on literary and non-literary texts dating from c.250 BC to c.450 AD. The volumes contain a wealth of examples to illustrate the grammatical phenomena under discussion, many of them from the works of Plautus and Cicero, alongside extensive references to other sources of examples such as the Oxford Latin Dictionary and the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. 0While the first volume explored the simple clause, this second volume focuses on the complex sentence and discourse. The first three chapters examine different types of subordinate clause; the following four then explore relative clauses, coordination, comparison, and secondary predicates. Later chapters investigate information structure and extraclausal expressions, word order, and discourse and related features. The Oxford Latin Syntax will be a valuable and up-to-date resource both for professional Latinists and all linguists with an interest in Classics.

Contents:

Machine generated contents note: 14. Subordinate Clauses: Common Properties And Internal Structure

14.1. Subordinate clauses and other forms of clause combining

14.2. Formal and semantic properties of subordinate clauses

14.3. Ambiguous or hybrid instances of clause combining

14.4. The levels at which subordinate clauses can be used

14.5. The internal properties of subordinate clauses

14.6. Finite subordinate clauses

14.7. Non-finite subordinate clauses

14.8. The internal structure of accusative and infinitive clauses

14.9. The nominative and infinitive construction

14.10. `Fused' clauses

14.11. Prolative infinitive clauses

14.12. Gerundial clauses

14.13. Supine clauses

14.14. Participial, gerundival, and nominal clauses

14.15. Means of tightening and making more explicit the relationship between subordinate and superordinate clauses

14.16. Preparative elements in the main clause

14.17. Resumptive elements in the main clause

14.18. Particles and adverbs tightening or clarifying the relationship between subordinate and superordinate clauses

14.19. Forms of interlacing of superordinate and subordinate clauses

14.20. Subordinators

14.21. Subordinators used with both argument and satellite clauses

14.22. Subordinators and relative adverbs

14.23. Developments in the system of subordinating devices from Latin to the Romance languages

14.24. The period

14.25. Direct and indirect speech

15. Subordinate Clauses Filling An Argument Position

15.1. The functions of argument clauses

15.2. Types of argument clauses

15.3. Finite argument clauses

15.4. Finite declarative argument clauses

15.5. The use of quod in argument clauses

15.6. The use of quod clauses with the verb accedit `to be added to' or `to constitute an addition to'

15.7. The use of quod clauses with verbs and expressions meaning `to leave unmentioned'

15.8. The use of quod clauses with verbs and expressions of emotion

15.9. The use of quod clauses with verbs and expressions of perception, cognition, and communication

15.10. The use of quod clauses with verbs and expressions of accusing and convicting and of blaming, excusing, praising, congratulating, and thanking

15.11. The use of quod clauses in combination with a subject or object complement

15.12. The use of quod clauses with a variety of other expressions

15.13. The use of quod clauses with verbs of happening

15.14. The use of quod clauses in combination with a preparative or interrogative pronoun or similar expressions

15.15. The use of quia in declarative argument clauses

15.16. The use of quia clauses with the verb accedit `to be added', or `to constitute an addition to'

15.17. The use of quia clauses with verbs and expressions meaning `to leave unmentioned'

15.18. The use of quia clauses with verbs and expressions of emotion

15.19. The use of quia with verbs and expressions of perception, cognition, and communication

15.20. The use of quia clauses with verbs and expressions of blaming, praising, congratulating, and thanking

15.21. The use of quia clauses in combination with a preparative pronoun or determiner

15.22. The use of quoniam in declarative argument clauses

15.23. The use of cum (quom) in declarative argument clauses

15.24. The use of quomodo and quemadmodum in declarative argument clauses

15.25. The use of ut in declarative argument clauses

15.26. The use of ut clauses with the verb accedit `to be added to' or `to constitute an addition to'

15.27. The use of ut clauses with verbs and expressions of happening and befalling

15.28. The use of ut clauses as subject with the verb sum

15.29. The use of ut clauses with verbs and expressions meaning `the conclusion is', `it follows'

15.30. The use of ut clauses with verbs and expressions meaning `it remains to be done', `it is sufficient'

15.31. The use of ut clauses with various third person singular verb forms (so-called impersonal verbs)

15.32. The use of ut clauses with expressions consisting of the copula and an adjective functioning as subject complement

15.33. The use of ut clauses with expressions consisting of the copula and a noun or noun phrase functioning as subject complement

15.34. The use of ut clauses with expressions consisting of the copula and other categories that function as subject complement

15.35. The use of ut clauses with verbs and expressions of perception, cognition, and communication

15.36. The use of ut clauses in `periphrastic' constructions

15.37. The use of ne in declarative argument clauses with verbs and expressions of fearing and worrying

15.38. The use of quin in declarative argument clauses with a negative main clause

15.39. The use of si in declarative argument clauses

15.40. The use of si clauses with verbs and expressions of waiting in expectation and trying

15.41. The use of si clauses with verbs and expressions of surprise

15.42. The use of si clauses in combination with so-called impersonal expressions

15.43. The use of quasi in argument clauses with verbs and expressions of pretending

15.44. The use of tamquam (si) and quasi in argument clauses with verbs and expressions of accusing and of emotion and with verbs of communication

15.45. Finite interrogative argument clauses (indirect questions)

15.46. Verbs and expressions governing indirect questions

15.47. Types of interrogative argument clauses (indirect questions)

15.48. Simple interrogative argument clauses (indirect questions)

15.49. Indirect clausal questions

15.50. Indirect clausal questions without a question particle

15.51. Indirect clausal questions with a question particle

15.52. The use of-ne in indirect clausal questions

15.53. The use of nonne in indirect clausal questions

15.54. The use of num in indirect clausal questions

15.55. The use of utrum in indirect clausal questions

15.56. The use of an in indirect clausal questions

15.57. The use of si in indirect clausal questions

15.58. The use of ne (not clitic) in pseudo-indirect clausal questions

15.59. Indirect questions with indefinite pronouns, determiners, adjectives, adverbs, and particles formed with ec-

15.60. Indirect constituent questions

15.61. Overlap of indirect constituent questions and autonomous relative clauses

15.62. Multiple indirect questions

15.63. Minor combinations of particles in multiple indirect questions

15.64. Finite imperative argument clauses

15.65. Verbs and expressions governing imperative clauses

15.66. The use of finite imperative clauses with verbs and expressions of ordering and commanding (class (i)(a))

15.67. The use of finite imperative clauses with verbs and expressions of begging, requesting, etc. (class (i)(b))

15.68. The use of finite imperative clauses with verbs and expressions of advising, warning, exhorting, reminding, admonishing, etc. (class (i)(c))

15.69. The use of finite imperative clauses with verbs and expressions of inducing, persuading, etc. (class (i)(d))

15.70. The use of finite imperative clauses with verbs and expressions of permitting, granting, allowing (class (i)(e))

15.71. The use of finite imperative clauses with verbs and expressions of forcing (class (i)(f))

15.72. The use of finite imperative clauses with verbs and expressions of hindering, preventing, etc. (class (i)(g))

15.73. The use of finite imperative clauses with verbs and expressions of wishing, desiring, preferring, etc. (class (ii)(a))

15.74. The use of finite imperative clauses with verbs and expressions of striving (class (ii)(b))

15.75. The use of finite imperative clauses with verbs of causation (class (iii))

15.76. The use of finite imperative clauses with verbs and expressions of deciding, resolving, etc.

(class (iv))

15.77. The use of finite imperative clauses with verbs and expressions of deserving (class (v))

15.78. The use of finite imperative clauses in combination with a neuter singular adjective or a comparable expression that functions as subject or object complement (class (vi))

15.79. The use of finite imperative clauses in combination with a noun functioning as subject or object complement (class (vii))

15.80. The use of finite imperative clauses with so-called impersonal expressions (class (viii))

15.81. The subordinating devices of finite imperative clauses

15.82. The use of ut, ut ne, and ne in imperative clauses

15.83. Imperative clauses with a simple subjunctive (without a subordinator)

15.84. The use of the subordinator ne in imperative clauses

15.85. The use of quin in imperative clauses

15.86. The use of quominus in imperative clauses

15.87. The use of quo in imperative clauses

15.88. The use of qui in imperative clauses

15.89. Exclamatory argument clauses

15.90. Non-finite argument clauses

15.91. Infinitival argument clauses

15.92. Accusative and infinitive clauses

15.93. The functions of accusative and infinitive clauses

15.94. The use of the accusative and infinitive clause as subject or object with verbs and expressions of happening and befalling or causing to happen

15.95. The use of the accusative and infinitive clause as subject with accedit `to be added to' or `to constitute an addition to'

15.96. The use of the accusative and infinitive clause as subject or object with verbs and expressions meaning `to leave unmentioned'

Contents note continued: 15.97. The use of the accusative and infinitive clause with verbs and expressions of emotion

15.98. The use of the accusative and infinitive clause with verbs and expressions of perception, cognition, and communication

15.99. The use of the accusative and infinitive clause with verbs and expressions of praising, blaming, and thanking

15.100. The non-declarative use of the accusative and infinitive clause

15.101. The use of the accusative and infinitive clause as subject with one-place and so-called impersonal verbs

15.102. The use of accusative and infinitive clauses in combination with expressions that function as subject or object complement

15.103. The use of the accusative and infinitive clause with a preparative pronoun

15.104. Independent accusative and infinitive clauses

15.105. The use of the accusative and infinitive clause in interrogative clauses and sentences

15.106. The use of the accusative and infinitive clause in exclamations

15.107. The use of the accusative and infinitive in relative clauses

15.108. The use of the accusative and infinitive in correlative and comparative structures

15.109. The use of the accusative and infinitive in subordinate (especially satellite) clauses with a subordinator

15.110. The use of the accusative and infinitive as subject of passive two- and three-place verbs

15.111. The nominative and infinitive construction

15.112. Other personal constructions resembling the NcI construction

15.113. Diachronic developments of the accusative and infinitive

15.114. Prolative infinitive clauses

15.115. The use of the prolative infinitive with verbs and expressions of ordering and commanding (class (i)(a))

15.116. The use of the prolative infinitive with verbs and expressions of begging, requesting, etc. (class (i)(b))

15.117. The use of the prolative infinitive with verbs and expressions of advising, warning, exhorting, reminding, admonishing, etc. (class (i)(c))

15.118. The use of the prolative infinitive with verbs and expressions of inducing, persuading, etc. (class (i)(d))

15.119. The use of the prolative infinitive with verbs and expressions of permitting, granting, allowing, etc. (class (i)(e))

15.120. The use of the prolative infinitive with verbs and expressions of forcing (class (i)(f))

15.121. The use of the prolative infinitive with verbs and expressions of hindering, preventing, etc. (class (i)(g))

15.122. The use of the prolative infinitive with verbs and expressions of wishing, desiring, preferring, etc. (class (ii)(a))

15.123. The use of the prolative infinitive with verbs and expressions of striving (class (ii)(b))

15.124. The use of the prolative infinitive with verbs of causation (class (iii))

15.125. The use of the prolative infinitive with verbs and expressions of deciding, resolving, etc. (class (iv))

15.126. The use of the prolative infinitive with verbs and expressions of deserving (class (v))

15.127. The use of the prolative infinitive in combination with a neuter singular adjective that functions as subject or object complement (class (vi))

15.128. The use of the prolative infinitive in combination with other expressions that function as subject or object complement (class (vii))

15.129. The use of the prolative infinitive with so-called impersonal expressions (class (viii))

15.130. The use of the infinitive with verbs of accusing and convicting

15.131. The use of the (present) infinitive with auxiliary verbs and verbs with a related meaning

15.132. Participial argument clauses (dominant participles)

15.133. The use of the dominant participle construction as subject

15.134. The use of the dominant participle construction as object or as third argument

15.135. Gerundial argument clauses

15.136. The use of gerundial clauses as argument with verbs

15.137. The use of gerundial clauses as second or third argument

15.138. The use of gerundial clauses instead of prolative infinitives

15.139. The use of gerundial clauses with two-place adjectives that function as subject or object complement

15.140. Gerundival argument clauses

15.141. The use of gerundival clauses as arguments with verbs

15.142. The use of gerundival clauses with adjectives that function as subject or object complement

15.143. Relative clauses functioning as argument

15.144. Nominal (verbless) argument clauses

16. Subordinate Clauses Filling A Satellite Position

16.1. Verbal and nominal satellite clauses

16.2. Finite satellite clauses

16.3. Classes of finite satellite clauses

16.4. The role of subordinators in satellite clauses

16.5. Satellite clauses (seemingly) filling an argument position

16.6. Space clauses (adjuncts)

16.7. Time clauses (adjuncts)

16.8. Time clauses denoting an event that is simultaneous with the event in the main clause

16.9. Time clauses that locate the event of the main clause in time (cum, dum, quando, quoniam, quofiens)

16.10. Time clauses with cum (quom)

16.11. So-called cum inversum clauses

16.12. The temporal use of quoniam

16.13. Time clauses with quando, quandoque, and quandocumque

16.14. Time clauses with dum locating the event of the main clause in time

16.15. Time clauses indicating the extent of time of the event in the main clause

16.16. Time clauses indicating a co-extensive event

16.17. Dum clauses indicating an event that lasts longer than the event of the main clause

16.18. Time clauses indicating an event that concludes the event of the main clause

16.19. Time clauses denoting anterior events

16.20. Time clauses with cum

16.21. Time clauses with postquam

16.22. Time clauses with simul

16.23. Time clauses with ubi

16.24. Time clauses with ut

16.25. Time clauses with mox, primum, and statim

16.26. Time clauses with ex quo

16.27. Time clauses denoting a posterior event

16.28. Non-temporal interpretations of time clauses

16.29. The interpretation of cum (quom) clauses as indicating the reason for the content of the main clause

16.30. The interpretation of dum clauses as indicating the reason for the content of the main clause

16.31. The concessive (or: `adversative') interpretation of cum (quom) clauses

16.32. The concessive and reason interpretations of postquam clauses

16.33. Manner clauses

16.34. Manner adjunct clauses

16.35. Attitudinal manner clauses (disjuncts)

16.36. Illocutionary manner clauses (disjuncts)

16.37. Degree clauses (adjuncts)

16.38. Respect clauses (disjuncts)

16.39. Reason (causal) clauses

16.40. Reason clauses with quia (adjuncts)

16.41. Reason clauses with quod (adjuncts)

16.42. Reason clauses with quoniam (disjuncts)

16.43. Reason clauses with quando (quidem) (disjuncts)

16.44. Reason clauses with quandoque (disjuncts)

16.45. Reason clauses with quatenus (disjuncts)

16.46. Reason clauses with quin (adjuncts)

16.47. Reason clauses with quo (adjuncts)

16.48. Later developments

16.49. Purpose (final) clauses

16.50. Purpose clauses with ut and (ut) ne

16.51. Purpose clauses with quo (adjuncts)

16.52. Purpose clauses with qui (adjuncts)

16.53. Stipulative clauses

16.54. Result (consecutive) clauses

16.55. Conditional clauses

16.56. Negation of conditional clauses

16.57. Conditional clauses functioning as adjunct

16.58. `Abbreviated' conditional periods

16.59. Purpose si clauses

16.60. Adversative, concessive, and causal interpretations of conditional clauses

16.61. So-called temporal si clauses

16.62. Nil Nisi `de rupture'

16.63. Conditional clauses functioning as attitudinal disjunct

16.64. Conditional clauses functioning as illocutionary disjunct

16.65. Alternative conditional clauses with sive/seu

16.66. Conditional comparative clauses

16.67. Nisi clauses of exception

16.68. Concessive clauses

16.69. So-called concessive conditional clauses

16.70. Concessive and concessive conditional clauses functioning as adjunct

16.71. Concessive clauses functioning as attitudinal disjunct

16.72. Concessive clauses functioning as illocutionary disjunct

16.73. The individual concessive subordinators: quamquam, quamvis, the si compounds, and licet

16.74. Concessive clauses with quamquam

16.75. Concessive clauses with quamvis

16.76. Concessive clauses with etsi, etiamsi, tametsi, and tamenetsi

16.77. Concessive clauses with etsi

16.78. Concessive clauses with tametsi (and tam etsi)

16.79. Concessive clauses with etiamsi (and etiam si)

16.80. Concessive clauses with tamenetsi (and tamen etsi)

16.81. Concessive clauses with licet

16.82. The concessive interpretation of ut clauses

16.83. Quod and quantum clauses of qualification (disjuncts)

16.84. Satellite clauses introduced by complex subordinators

16.85. Non-finite satellite clauses

16.86. Infinitival satellite clauses

16.87. Participial satellite clauses

16.88. Participial ablative absolute clauses

16.89. The semantic relationship between the participial ablative absolute clause and the main clause

16.90. The relationship between arguments of the participial ablative absolute and the main clause

16.91. The internal complexity of the participial ablative absolute clause

16.92. Ablative participles without a subject noun (phrase)

16.93. Ablative absolute clauses of one-place verbs

Contents note continued: 16.94. Participial absolute clauses in other case forms

16.95. Participial nominative absolute clauses

16.96. Participial genitive absolute clauses

16.97. Participial accusative absolute clauses

16.98. Prepositional participial satellite clauses

16.99. Gerundial satellite clauses

16.100. Gerundial purpose adjunct clauses

16.101. Gerundial instrument/manner adjunct clauses

16.102. Gerundial temporal adjunct clauses

16.103. Gerundial reason adjunct clauses

16.104. Gerundial adjuncts in other semantic relations (ablative and prepositional expressions)

16.105. Gerundival satellite clauses

16.106. Gerundival purpose adjunct clauses

16.107. Gerundival instrument/manner adjunct clauses

16.108. Gerundival temporal/circumstantial adjunct clauses

16.109. Gerundival reason adjunct clauses

16.110. Gerundival adjunct clauses in other semantic functions (mostly prepositional phrases)

16.111. Supine satellite clauses

16.112. The use of the first supine (in -um) as a purpose adjunct

16.113. The so-called second supine in -u

16.114. Nominal (verbless) satellite clauses

16.115. Nominal ablative absolute clauses

16.116. Substantival ablative absolute clauses

16.117. Adjectival ablative absolute clauses

16.118. Nominal absolute clauses in cases other than the ablative

16.119. Prepositional nominal absolute clauses

17. Subordinate Clauses With Nouns, Adjectives, And Adverbs

17.1. Introductory remarks

17.2. Subordinate clauses at the noun phrase level

17.3. Finite subordinate clauses functioning as attribute at the noun phrase level

17.4. Declarative subordinate clauses functioning as attribute at the noun phrase level

17.5. Declarative clauses with quod and quia at the noun phrase level

17.6. Declarative clauses with ut at the noun phrase level

17.7. Declarative clauses depending on nouns of fearing and worrying

17.8. Declarative clauses with quin at the noun phrase level

17.9. The use of tamquam and quasi clauses with nouns of emotion, cognition, and communication

17.10. Interrogative subordinate clauses functioning as attribute at the noun phrase level

17.11. Imperative subordinate clauses functioning as attribute at the noun phrase level

17.12. Non-finite subordinate clauses functioning as attribute at the noun phrase level

17.13. Infinitival subordinate clauses functioning as attribute at the noun phrase level

17.14. Accusative and infinitive clauses functioning as attribute at the noun phrase level

17.15. Prolative infinitive clauses functioning as attribute at the noun phrase level

17.16. Participial clauses functioning as attribute at the noun phrase level

17.17. Gerundial and gerundival clauses functioning as attribute at the noun phrase level

17.18. Gerundial clauses functioning as attribute at the noun phrase level

17.19. Gerundival clauses functioning as attribute at the noun phrase level

17.20. Optional gerundial and gerundival clauses at the noun phrase level

17.21. Subordinate clauses at the adjective phrase level

17.22. Finite subordinate clauses functioning at the adjective phrase level

17.23. Declarative finite subordinate clauses functioning at the adjective phrase level

17.24. Interrogative finite subordinate clauses functioning at the adjective phrase level

17.25. Imperative finite subordinate clauses functioning at the adjective phrase level

17.26. Non-finite subordinate clauses functioning at the adjective phrase level

17.27. Infinitival clauses functioning at the adjective phrase level

17.28. Accusative and infinitive clauses functioning at the adjective phrase level

17.29. Prolative infinitive clauses functioning at the adjective phrase level

17.30. Participial clauses functioning at the adjective phrase level

17.31. Gerundial and gerundival clauses functioning at the adjective phrase level

17.32. Gerundial clauses functioning at the adjective phrase level

17.33. Gerundival clauses functioning at the adjective phrase level

17.34. Gerundial and gerundival clauses functioning as optional constituents at the adjective phrase level

17.35. Subordinate clauses at the adverb phrase level

18. Relative Clauses

18.1. Introduction

18.2. Types of relative clauses

18.3. Adnominal relative clauses

18.4. Semantic types of adnominal relative clauses

18.5. Restrictive relative clauses

18.6. Non-restrictive relative clauses

18.7. The function of the relative expression in the relative clause

18.8. Exceptional case marking of relative expressions

18.9. The syntactic functions of heads with an adnominal relative clause

18.10. Interlacing of adnominal clauses with other subordinate clauses

18.11. Reduction of inferrable elements in adnominal relative clauses

18.12. The relative order of the adnominal relative clause and its head

18.13. Multiple adnominal relative clauses

18.14. Adjectives and other constituents related to the relative expression instead of to the head

18.15. Autonomous relative clauses

18.16. The syntactic functions of autonomous relative clauses and their formal expression

18.17. Complex autonomous relative clauses

18.18. The presence of the same noun (phrase) in the relative and superordinate clause

18.19. Autonomous relative clauses at the adjective phrase level

18.20. Some observations on the use of the tenses in relative clauses

18.21. The use of the tenses in relative clauses with a future indicative

18.22. The use of the tenses in relative clauses with a subjunctive

18.23. The use of the moods in relative clauses

18.24. The use of the moods in non-restrictive adnominal relative clauses

18.25. The use of the moods in restrictive adnominal clauses

18.26. The use of the moods in autonomous relative clauses

18.27. Autonomous relative clauses functioning as clausal appositions

18.28. Relative connexion

18.29. The use of the connective relative in ablative absolute clauses

18.30. Coordination of relative clauses

18.31. Indefinite relative clauses

18.32. Indefinite adnominal relative clauses

18.33. Indefinite autonomous relative clauses

18.34. Relative adjectives and adverbs

18.35. Relative adjectives

18.36. Relative adverbs

18.37. Relative clauses containing a space adverb

18.38. Adnominal relative clauses with cum (quom)

18.39. Relative clauses with adverbs of reason (quamobrem, quapropter, and quare)

19. Coordination

19.1. Introductory remarks

19.2. Syndetic coordination

19.3. Syndetic coordination of clauses

19.4. Syndetic coordination of constituents at the clause level

19.5. Syndetic coordination of verbs sharing the same subject

19.6. Syndetic coordination of verbs sharing the same object

19.7. Syndetic coordination of verbs with different argument marking that share an object or a comparable constituent

19.8. Syndetic coordination of verbs sharing a third argument or a satellite

19.9. Syndetic coordination of arguments and satellites at the clause level

19.10. Syndetic coordination of constituents below the clause level

19.11. Syndetic coordination of constituents at the noun phrase level

19.12. Syndetic coordination of constituents at the adjective phrase level

19.13. Syndetic coordination of prepositions and of prepositional phrases

19.14. Asyndetic coordination

19.15. Asyndetic coordination of clauses

19.16. Asyndetic coordination of verbs sharing the same subject

19.17. Asyndetic coordination of verbs sharing the same object, indirect object, or satellite

19.18. Asyndetic coordination of arguments and satellites at the clause level

19.19. Asyndetic coordination of constituents below the clause level

19.20. Asyndetic coordination of modifiers at the noun phrase level

19.21. Asyndetic coordination of constituents at the adjective phrase level

19.22. Asyndetic coordination of nouns and noun phrases in prepositional phrases

19.23. Conjunctive (or: copulative)

coordinators

19.24. Simple conjunctive coordination

19.25. The simple use of the conjunctive coordinator -que

19.26. The simple use of the conjunctive coordinator ac/atque

19.27. The simple use of the conjunctive coordinator et

19.28. The single use of the negative conjunctive coordinator nec/neque

19.29. Correlative conjunctive coordination

19.30. The correlative use of the conjunctive coordinator -que

19.31. The correlative use of the conjunctive coordinator ac/atque

19.32. The correlative use of the conjunctive coordinator et

19.33. The correlative use of the negative conjunctive coordinator neclneque

19.34. The correlative use of different conjunctive coordinators

19.35. Correlative combinations of -que with another conjunctive coordinator

19.36. Correlative combination of et and ac/atque

19.37. Correlative combinations of neclneque with another conjunctive coordinator

19.38. Multiple conjunctive coordination

19.39. Multiple syndetic conjunctive coordination

19.40. Multiple mixed (syndetic and asyndetic) conjunctive coordination

19.41. The semantic relation between conjunctively linked conjoins

19.42. The use of cum resembling a comitative coordinator

19.43. Disjunctive (or: alternative) coordinators

19.44. Simple disjunctive coordination

19.45. The simple use of the disjunctive coordinator aut

Contents note continued: 19.46. The simple use of the disjunctive coordinator vel

19.47. The simple use of the disjunctive coordinator -ve

19.48. The simple use of the disjunctive coordinator sive/seu

19.49. The simple use of an as a disjunctive coordinator

19.50. Correlative disjunctive coordination

19.51. The correlative use of the disjunctive coordinator aut

19.52. The correlative use of the disjunctive coordinator vel

19.53. The correlative use of the disjunctive coordinator-ve

19.54. The correlative use of the disjunctive coordinator sive/seu

19.55. The correlative use of the negative disjunctive coordinator neve

19.56. The correlative use of different disjunctive coordinators

19.57. Multiple disjunctive coordination

19.58. Multiple syndetic disjunctive coordination

19.59. Multiple mixed (syndetic and asyndetic) disjunctive coordination

19.60. The semantic relation between disjunctively linked conjoins

19.61. Adversative coordination

19.62. The use of the adversative coordinator sed

19.63. The use of the adversative coordinator verum

19.64. The use of the adversative coordinator ceterum

19.65. The correlative use of the adversative coordinators

19.66. Hierarchical ordering of sequences of conjoins

19.67. Epitactic coordination

19.68. Conjunctive epitactic coordination

19.69. Adversative epitactic coordination

19.70. Asyndetic epitactic coordination

19.71. Quasi-coordinators

19.72. The quasi-coordinating use of nedum

19.73. The use of the combination cum ... turn as a correlative conjunctive quasi-coordinator

19.74. The use of the combination ut ... ita (sic) as a correlative coordinator

19.75. Less common types of coordination

19.76. Coordination of two or more functionally equivalent conjoins belonging to different lexical categories

19.77. Coordination of nouns and noun phrases with constituents that belong to other lexical categories

19.78. Coordination of adjectives with constituents that belong to other lexical categories

19.79. Coordination of adverbs with constituents that belong to other lexical categories

19.80. Coordination of two or more functionally unequivalent conjoins

19.81. Other noteworthy types of coordination

19.82. Hysteron Proteron

19.83. Zeugma

19.84. Hendiadys

20. Comparison

20.1. Introduction

20.2. Comparison between two terms with respect to a certain standard

20.3. Comparison of non-equivalence

20.4. The comparative particles of non-equivalence

20.5. The comparative particle quam `than'

20.6. The use of ac/atque and et in comparison of non-equivalence

20.7. The ablative of comparison (ablativus comparationis)

20.8. Minor alternative expressions for the basis of comparison in comparisons of non-equivalence

20.9. The comparative element used with expressions of quantity, extent of space or time, age, etc.

20.10. Expressions specifying the measure of difference in comparisons of non-equivalence

20.11. Comparison of equivalence

20.12. Comparison between two properties

20.13. Comparison of non-equivalence between two properties

20.14. Comparison of equivalence between two properties

20.15. Similarity and dissimilarity

20.16. The use of coordinators in expressions of similarity and dissimilarity

20.17. The use of ac/atque in expressions of similarity and dissimilarity

20.18. The use of et in expressions of similarity and dissimilarity

20.19. The use o/quam in expressions of similarity and dissimilarity

20.20. The use of the ablative in expressions of similarity and dissimilarity

20.21. The use of relative adverbs of manner and conditional comparative subordinators in expressions of similarity

20.22. The use of prepositions and nisi in expressions of dissimilarity

20.23. Expressions specifying the degree of dissimilarity

20.24. Comparative expressions of quality

20.25. Ut clauses characterizing a quality of a constituent in the main clause

20.26. Ut and related phrases functioning as secondary predicate

20.27. Ut phrases of qualification

20.28. Proportional comparison

20.29. The proportional pattern with a comparative

20.30. The proportional pattern with a superlative

20.31. The absolute use of comparative forms of adjectives and adverbs

20.32. The superlative and related expressions

21. Secondary Predicates

21.1. Secondary predicates: introductory remarks

21.2. Categories of constituents functioning as secondary predicate

21.3. Adjectives functioning as secondary predicate

21.4. The use of adjectives as secondary predicate in poetry and poeticizing prose

21.5. Adjective phrases functioning as secondary predicate

21.6. Nouns and noun phrases (showing agreement) functioning as secondary predicate

21.7. Participles functioning as secondary predicate

21.8. Accusative and participle construction with perception verbs

21.9. Gerundives functioning as secondary predicate

21.10. Noun phrases in the genitive functioning as secondary predicate

21.11. Nouns in the dative functioning as secondary predicate

21.12. Noun phrases in the ablative functioning as secondary predicate

21.13. Prepositional phrases functioning as secondary predicate

21.14. The gerund developing into an alternative for the present participle

21.15. Autonomous relative clauses functioning as secondary predicates

21.16. The distribution of secondary predicates

21.17. The semantic relationship between a secondary predicate and its clause

21.18. Explicit marking of the semantic relation between a secondary predicate and the clause to which it belongs

21.19. Secondary predicates and related constructions

21.20. The difference between an adjective functioning as secondary predicate and a related adverb

21.21. Potential ambiguity: secondary predicate or apposition?

21.22. Pragmatic considerations

21.23. Quantifiers and related expressions seemingly functioning as secondary predicate

21.24. Ipse and idem

21.25. Co-occurrence of various secondary predicates and related expressions in the same clause

22. Information Structure And Extraclausal Expressions

22.1. The information structure of clauses

22.2. Topic

22.3. Topic and subject

22.4. Eligibility of constituents for the function of topic

22.5. Types of constituents that function as topic

22.6. Formal properties of topics

22.7. Focus

22.8. What makes a constituent of a clause focus?

22.9. Complex focus

22.10. How can we identify focus constituents?

22.11. Presentative sentences

22.12. Cleft sentences

22.13. The extraclausal functions theme, setting, and tail

22.14. Theme constituents

22.15. Setting constituents

22.16. Tail constituents

22.17. Contrast and emphasis

22.18. Contrast

22.19. Emphasis

22.20. Emphasizing particles

22.21. Additive emphasizing particles

22.22. Scalar additive particles

22.23. Exclusive particles

22.24. Particularizing particles

22.25. Quidem and equidem

22.26. Quidem

22.27. Equidem

22.28. Saltem and related expressions

22.29. Saltem

22.30. Certe

22.31. Utique

22.32. Dumtaxat

22.33. Praesertim and related expressions

22.34. Praesertim

22.35. Praecipue

22.36. Imprimis

22.37. Maxime

22.38. Potissimum

22.39. Demum

22.40. Iam

22.41. Suffixes of personal pronouns and possessive adjectives

22.42. Preparative expressions as emphasizers

22.43. Parenthetical clauses and other types of extraclausal constituents

22.44. Parenthetical constituents

22.45. Parenthetical clauses and sentences

22.46. Parenthetical use of verbs and expressions of perception, cognition, and communication

22.47. Curses and swear words

22.48. Interjections

22.49. Sound-reproducing interjections

22.50. Summonses

22.51. Introductory interjections

22.52. Expressive interjections

22.53. Address

22.54. The functions of

address

22.55. The forms of address

22.56. The syntax of address

23. Word Order

23.1. Methodological preliminaries

23.2. Roman ideas about word order

23.3. Factors that determine the linear order of words and larger constituents

23.4. Sentence type

23.5. Text type

23.6. Categorial factors

23.7. Domain integrity

23.8. Semantic factors

23.9. Syntactic factors

23.10. Pragmatic factors

23.11. Euphonic and rhythmic factors

23.12. Complexity

23.13. Iconicity

23.14. Artistic factors

23.15. Typological considerations

23.16. Syntactic structure and intonation structure

23.17. Pause and the determination of sense boundaries

23.18. Clausulae

23.19. The order of constituents at the clause and sentence levels

23.20. Categories of constituents with a more or less fixed position

23.21. Connectors and interactional particles

23.22. Anaphoric constituents

23.23. Subordinating devices

23.24. Subordinators

23.25. Relative pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and determiners

23.26. Question words

23.27. Interrogative particles

23.28. Interrogative pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and determiners

23.29. Categories of constituents that tend to be placed after another constituent

23.30. Indefinite determiners and pronouns

23.31. Personal pronouns and forms of the verb sum

Contents note continued: 23.32. The position of personal pronouns

23.33. The position of forms of the verb sum

23.34. Emphasizing particles

23.35. Bound clitics

23.36. The position of the coordinators -que and -ve

23.37. The position of the interrogative particle -ne

23.38. The position of negation adverbs

23.39. The relative position of arguments, satellites, secondary predicates, and (finite) verbs

23.40. The position of arguments, satellites, secondary predicates, and (finite) verbs in declarative sentences

23.41. The first position in declarative sentences

23.42. Arguments in first position in declarative sentences

23.43. Satellites in first position in declarative sentences

23.44. Secondary predicates in first position in declarative sentences

23.45. Finite verbs in first position in declarative sentences

23.46. The last position in declarative sentences

23.47. Arguments in final position in declarative sentences

23.48. Satellites in final position in declarative sentences

23.49. Finite verbs in final position in declarative sentences

23.50. Intermediate positions in simple declarative sentences

23.51. Word order in interrogative sentences

23.52. Word order in sentence questions

23.53. Word order in constituent questions

23.54. Word order in multiple questions

23.55. Word order in imperative sentences

23.56. Word order in imperative sentences with a directive illocutionary force

23.57. Word order in imperative sentences with an optative illocutionary force

23.58. Word order in imperative sentences with a concessive illocutionary force

23.59. Word order in superordinate (main) clauses

23.60. Word order in subordinate clauses

23.61. Word order in finite subordinate clauses

23.62. Word order in accusative and infinitive clauses

23.63. Word order in ablative absolute clauses

23.64. The order of superordinate and subordinate clauses in complex sentences

23.65. The relative order of finite superordinate and subordinate clauses in sentences with two clauses

23.66. The relative order of superordinate and accusative and infinitive clauses in sentences with two clauses

23.67. The relative order of superordinate and ablative absolute clauses in sentences with two clauses

23.68. The relative order of superordinate and subordinate clauses in multi-clausal sentences

23.69. Word order at the noun phrase level

23.70. The relative order of head and attribute

23.71. The position of attributes that agree with their head

23.72. The position of determiners

23.73. The position of anaphoric and demonstrative determiners

23.74. The position of indefinite determiners

23.75. The position of relative and interrogative determiners

23.76. The position of attributive possessive adjectives

23.77. The position of identifiers

23.78. The position of attributive quantifiers

23.79. The position of attributive adjectives

23.80. The position of attributive adjective phrases

23.81. Comparatives and superlatives

23.82. The position of modifiers of attributes

23.83. The position of nouns and noun phrases functioning as attribute

23.84. The position of attributive noun phrases of description (or quality) (genetivus and ablativus qualitatis)

23.85. The position of adnominal arguments

23.86. Word order in complex noun phrases

23.87. Discontinuity (or: hyperbaton) of noun phrases

23.88. Constituents causing hyperbaton of noun phrases

23.89. Word order in prepositional phrases

23.90. The order of constituents in continuous prepositional phrases

23.91. The position of prepositions in prepositional phrases without a modifier

23.92. The position of prepositions in prepositional phrases with a modifier

23.93. The pattern modifier

-preposition

-noun

23.94. The pattern noun

-modifier

23.95. The position of prepositions in restrictive appositive phrases

23.96. Discontinuous prepositional phrases

23.97. The relative order of constituents in phrases with the auxiliary sum `to be' and other auxiliaries

23.98. The relative order in complex verb forms with the auxiliary sum `to be'

23.99. The position of the auxiliary iri

23.100. The relative order of infinitives and the verbs that govern them

23.101. Discontinuity of coordinated constituents

23.102. Tmesis

23.103. Tmesis created by the coordinator -que

23.104. Diachronic developments

24. Discourse

24.1. Introduction

24.2. Sentence and discourse

24.3. Text types (or: discourse modes)

24.4. Discourse coherence

24.5. Anaphoric reference to participants

24.6. Lexical repetition and variation

24.7. Lexical repetition in combination with anaphoric determiners

24.8. Zero-anaphora: the absence of explicit subject and other obligatory constituents

24.9. Anaphoric (ally used) pronouns and adverbs

24.10. Anaphoric reference to states of affairs and to segments of discourse

24.11. Nouns used to refer to preceding states of affairs or segments of discourse

24.12. Anaphoric (ally used) pronouns, and adverbs used to refer to preceding states of affairs or segments of discourse

24.13. Preparative (cataphoric) reference to following states of affairs and segments of discourse

24.14. Cohesive devices linking sentences

24.15. Syndetic connexion of sentences

24.16. Conjunctive connexion of sentences

24.17. The conjunctive connector -que

24.18. The conjunctive connector ac/atque

24.19. The conjunctive connector et

24.20. The conjunctive connector neclneque

24.21. Disjunctive connexion of sentences

24.22. Adversative connexion of sentences

24.23. The adversative connector ast

24.24. The adversative connector at

24.25. The adversative connector atqui

24.26. The adversative connector autem

24.27. The adversative connector ceterum

24.28. The adversative connector serf

24.29. The adversative connector verum

24.30. The adverb contra

24.31. The adverb tamen

24.32. The adverb nihilominus

24.33. The adverb/connector vero

24.34. The use of etsi, tametsi, and quamquam as connectors

24.35. Explanatory and justificatory connexion of sentences

24.36. The connector nam

24.37. The connector namque

24.38. The connector etenim

24.39. The connector quippe

24.40. The interactional particle enim

24.41. The interactional particle nempe

24.42. Consecutive connexion of sentences

24.43. The connector igitur

24.44. The connector itaque

24.45. The interactional particle ergo

24.46. Sequential connexion of sentences

24.47. The semantic relation between asyndetically connected sentences

24.48. The use of connectors and interactional particles to connect paragraphs

24.49. Grammatical devices contributing to discourse coherence

24.50. Opening and concluding a conversation or letter.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN:

9780199230563

0199230560

OCLC:

1160107500

Publisher Number:

99988389735