State of knowledge of soil biodiversity : status, challenges and potentialities : report 2020 / Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Format:

Book

Government document

Contributor:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, issuing body.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Soil biodiversity.

Soil biology.

Physical Description:

xxvii, 583 pages : color illustrations, color maps ; 25 cm

Place of Publication:

Rome : FAO, 2020.

Summary:

This report is a result of the work of more than 300 soil scientists and experts on soil biodiversity from all regions of the world, and it presents the best available knowledge on soil biota and their ecosystem functions and services. The report is a contribution to a decision of the 14th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), that invited the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to prepare a report on the state of knowledge on soil diversity. Introduction.

Contents:

Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction

1.1. A growing awareness of the importance of soil biodiversity

1.2. Structure of the report

ch. 2 Global diversity and distribution of soil biodiversity

2.1. What is soil biodiversity?

2.2. Soil communities

2.3. Biodiversity in the soil

2.3.1. Bacteria and Archaea

2.3.2. Fungi

2.3.3. Viruses

2.3.4. Algae

2.3.5. Protists

2.3.6. Nematodes

2.3.7. Mites

2.3.8. Springtails

2.3.9. Earthworms

2.3.10. Isopods, millipedes, insects and spiders

2.3.11. Termites

2.3.12. Ants

2.3.13. Soil vertebrates

2.4. Spatial and temporal distribution of soil biodiversity

2.4.1. Spatial patterns of soil organisms

2.4.2. Temporal patterns of soil organisms

2.4.3. Below-ground distribution does not follow above-ground patterns

2.4.4. Interactions among soil organisms

2.5. Novel technologies

from indicators to monitoring

ch. 3 Contributions of soil biodiversity to ecosystem functions and services

3.1. Denning soil functions

3.1.1. The soil food web approach

3.1.2. The mulufoncuonahty of soil biodiversity

3.2. Defining soil ecosystem services

3.3. Soil biodiversity supports the Sustainable Development Goals

3.4. Provisioning ecosystem services

3.4.1. Nutrient cycling

3.4.2. Food production

3.4.3. Raw materials

3.4.4. Clean water

3.4.5. Soil biodiversity and human health

3.5. Regulating ecosystem services

3.5.1. Climate regulation

3.5.2. Soil carbon cycles

3.5.3. Carbon sequestration and storage

3.5.4. Soil formation and erosion prevention

3.5.5. Regulation of water flow

3.5.6. Wastewater treatment

3.5.7. Invasive species

3.5.8. Biodiversity regulation and biocontrol

3.5.9. Genetic diversity

3.6. Cultural services

3.6.1. Spiritual experience and sense of place

3.6.2. Aesthetic appreciation and inspiration for culture, art and design

3.6.3. Cultural heritage, knowledge and education

3.6.4. Recreation and mental and physical health

3.7. Economic value of soil biodiversity

3.7.1. The challenge of valuing soil organisms

ch. 4 Threats to soil biodiversity-global and regional trends

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Threats to soil biodiversity

4.2.1. Deforestation

4.2.2. Urbanization

4.2.3. Agricultural intensification

4.2.4. Loss of soil organic matter and soil organic carbon

4.2.5. Soil compaction and sealing

4.2.6. Soil acidification and nutrient imbalances

4.2.7. Pollution

4.2.8. Salinization and sodification

4.2.9. Fire

4.2.10. Erosion and landslides

4.2.11. Climate change

4.2.12. Invasive species

4.3. Regional status of threats to soil biodiversity

4.3.1. Sub-Saharan Africa

4.3.2. Asia

4.3.3. Europe

4.3.4. Latin America and the Caribbean

4.3.5. North America

4.3.6. South West Pacific

4.4. Global synthesis

ch. 5 Responses and opportunities

5.1. Introduction to the management of soil biodiversity

5.2. Ecosystem restoration: starting from the ground and leveraging soil biodiversity for sustainability

5.2.1. Land use and land degradation

5.2.2. Novel whole-ecosystem approaches for soil restoration and soil management

5.3. Potential of soil biodiversity in the fight against soil pollution

5.3.1. Use of soil biodiversity as a soil pollution remediation tool

5.3.2. Knowledge gaps and environmental risk assessment

5.4. Solutions to specific soil biodiversity-related problems

5.4.1. Current and future applications of soil biodiversity research on sustainable food production

5.4.2. Microbiome-based approaches to improve plant production

5.4.3. Soil biodiversity as a farmer's tool

5.4.4. Indigenous knowledge related to soil organisms

5.5. Regional examples of novel approaches and applications

5.5.1. Agricultural green development in China

5.5.2. Australia

5.5.3. Latin America

5.5.4. The United States of America

5.6. Future Risks

5.7. Education, mainstreaming and policy

ch. 6 State of soil biodiversity at the national level

6.1. Assessment of soil biodiversity

6.2. Research, capacity development and awareness raising

6.3. Mainstreaming: policies, programmes, regulations and governmental frameworks

6.4. Analysis of the main gaps, barriers and opportunities in the conservation and sustainable use of soil biodiversity

ch. 7 Conclusions and way forward

7.1. What is soil biodiversity and how is it organized?

7.2. Status of knowledge on soil biodiversity

7.3. Soil biodiversity potential

7.3.1. Provision of ecosystem services

7.3.2. Food security, nutrition and human health

7.3.3. Environmental remediation

7.3.4. Climate change

7.4. Challenges and gaps

7.5. The way forward

Annex I Country Responses to the Soil Biodiversity Survey

1. Asia

1.1. Assessment of soil biodiversity

1.1.1. Contributions of soil biodiversity to ecosystems services

1.1.2. National assessments

1.1.3. Practical applications of soil biodiversity

1.1.4. Major practices negatively impacting soil biodiversity

1.1.5. Invasive alien species (IAS)

1.1.6. Monitoring soil biodiversity

1.1.7. Indicators used to evaluate soil biodiversity

1.2. Research, capacity development and awareness raising

1.3. Mainstreaming: policies, programmes, regulations and governmental frameworks

1.4. Analysis of the main gaps, barriers and opportunities in the conservation and sustainable use of soil biodiversity

2. Europe and Eurasia

2.1. Assessment of soil biodiversity

2.1.1. Contributions of soil biodiversity to ecosystems services

2.1.2. National assessments

2.1.3. Practical applications of soil biodiversity

2.1.4. Major practices negatively impacting soil biodiversity

2.1.5. Invasive alien species (IAS)

2.1.6. Monitoring soil biodiversity

2.1.7. Indicators used to evaluate soil biodiversity

2.2. Research, capacity development and awareness raising

2.3. Mamstreaming: policies, programmes, regulations and governmental frameworks

2.4. Analysis of the main gaps, barriers and opportunities in the conservation and sustainable use of soil biodiversity

3. Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)

3.1. Assessment of soil biodiversity

3.1.1. Contributions of soil biodiversity to ecosystems services

3.1.2. National assessments

3.1.3. Practical applications of soil biodiversity

3.1.4. Major practices negatively impacting soil biodiversity

3.1.5. Invasive alien species (IAS)

3.1.6. Monitoring soil biodiversity

3.1.7. Indicators used to evaluate soil biodiversity

3.2. Research, capacity development and awareness raising

3.3. Mamstreaming: policies, programmes, regulations and governmental frameworks

3.4. Analysis of the main gaps, barriers and opportunities in the conservation and sustainable use of soil biodiversity

4. Near East and North Africa (NENA)

4.1. Assessment of soil biodiversity

4.1.1. Contributions of soil biodiversity to ecosystems services

4.1.2. National assessments

4.1.3. Practical applications of soil biodiversity

4.1.4. Major practices negatively impacting soil biodiversity

4.1.5. Indicators used to evaluate soil biodiversity

4.2. Research, capacity development and awareness raising

4.3. Mainstreaming: policies, programmes, regulations and governmental frameworks

4.4. Analysis of the main gaps, barriers and opportunities in the conservation and sustainable use of soil biodiversity

5. North America

5.1. Assessment of soil biodiversity

5.1.1. Contributions of soil biodiversity to ecosystems services

5.1.2. National assessments

5.1.3. Practical applications of soil biodiversity

5.1.4. Major practices negatively impacting soil biodiversity

5.1.5. Invasive alien species (IAS)

5.1.6. Monitoring soil biodiversity

5.1.7. Indicators used to evaluate soil biodiversity

5.2. Research, capacity development and awareness raising

5.3. Mamstreaming: policies, programmes, regulations and governmental frameworks

5.4. Analysis of the main gaps, barriers and opportunities in the conservation and sustainable use of soil biodiversity

6. South West Pacific

6.1.1. Contributions of soil biodiversity to ecosystems services

6.1.2. National assessments

6.1.3. Practical applications of soil biodiversity

6.1.4. Major practices negatively impacting soil biodiversity

6.1.5. Monitoring soil biodiversity

6.1.6. Indicators used to evaluate soil biodiversity

7. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)

7.1. Assessment of soil biodiversity

7.1.1. Contributions of soil biodiversity to ecosystems services

7.1.2. National assessments

7.1.3. Practical applications of soil biodiversity

7.1.4. Major practices negatively impacting soil biodiversity

7.1.5. Invasive alien species (IAS)

7.1.6. Monitoring soil biodiversity

7.1.7. Indicators used to evaluate soil biodiversity

7.2. Research, capacity development and awareness raising

Contents note continued: 7.3. Mainstreaming: policies, programmes, regulations and governmental frameworks

7.4. Analysis of the main gaps, barriers and opportunities in the conservation and sustainable use of soil biodiversity

Annex II National Survey on Status of Soil Biodiversity: Knowledge, Challenges and Opportunities

I. Assessment

II. Research, capacity development and awareness raising

III. Mainstreaming: policies, regulations and governmental frameworks

IV. Analysis of gaps and opportunities

Annex III List of countries that responded to the survey.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 447-583).

ISBN:

9789251335826

9251335826

OCLC:

1245658232

Publisher Number:

99988113338