Moving toward resource recovery facilities : a special publication / Water Environment Federation.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Water Environment Federation, author.

Contributor:

Water Environment Federation.

Series:

Special publication (Water Environment Federation)

WEF special publication

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Sewage disposal plants--Design and construction.

Sewage disposal plants.

Sewage disposal plants--Management.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xxx, 340 pages) : illustrations.

Place of Publication:

Alexandria, Virginia : Water Environment Federation, [2014]

Summary:

Resource recovery is an emerging societal need around the globe. Due to the ever-increasing pressures on increasingly limited environmental resources, it is critical that recovery of resources (water, nutrients, and energy) from waste streams be implemented. Moving Toward Resource Recovery Facilities is about moving away from waste streams and moving toward values streams. First providing an overview of the fundamental drivers for resource recovery from wastewater and presenting the basic case for resource recovery, the text provides an overview of state-of-the-art technological approaches to resources recovery and provides general guidance on the applicability of recovery technologies for the cross section of facility types. This allows facilities to take steps towards recycling a greater number of otherwise lost resources.

Contents:

Intro

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Preface

Chapter 1 What Resources Can We Recover?

Andrew R. Shaw

James Barnard

Leon S. Downing, P.E., Ph.D.

and Darrin J. Harris, EIT

1.0 Introduction to the "N-E-W" Paradigm

2.0 Structure of this Publication

3.0 Nutrient Recovery

4.0 Energy

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Chemical

4.2.1 Biogas

4.2.2 Biofuels

4.2.3 Thermal Conversion (Combustion)

4.2.4 Electrochemical Conversion

4.3 Thermal

4.3.1 Heat Energy Recovery from Generators and Incinerators

4.3.2 Heat Energy Recovery from Biochemical Conversion Processes

4.3.3 Direct Heat Energy from Wastewater

4.4 Hydropower

4.5 Microbial Fuel Cells

5.0 Water

5.1 Assessment of Approaches to Achieve Nationally Consistent Reclaimed Water Standards (WRF-08-01-1)

5.2 Low-Cost Treatment Technologies for Small-Scale Water Reclamation Plants (WRF-06-008)

5.3 An Economic Framework for Evaluating the Benefits and Costs of Water Reuse (WRF-03-006)

5.4 Marketing Nonpotable Recycled Water: A Guidebook for Successful Public Outreach &amp

Customer Marketing (WRF-03-005)

5.5 "Fit-for-Purpose" Water

6.0 Material and Energy Balances to Assess Interactions and Trade-Offs

6.1 Material Balance

6.2 Energy Balance

7.0 References

Chapter 2 The Case for Resource Recovery: Part 1-Global Megatrends in the Water, Energy, and Nutrient Landscape

1.0 General Global Trends Affecting Resources

1.1 Population Growth

1.2 Urbanization

1.3 Global Climate Change and Variability

1.4 Environmental Sustainability ("Life-Cycle Thinking")

2.0 Global Nutrient Trends

2.1 Global Phosphorus

2.2 Nitrogen Cycle and Recovery

3.0 Global Energy Trends.

3.1 Global Energy

3.2 Primary Energy Sources

3.3 Carbon Accounting

3.4 Energy and Wastewater

4.0 Global Water Trends

5.0 Drivers of Resource Recovery

6.0 References

7.0 Suggested Readings

Chapter 3 The Case for Resource Recovery: Part 2-Regional Trends in the Water, Energy, and Nutrient Landscape

1.0 Introduction

2.0 U.S. and Canada Drivers and Trends Toward the N-E-W Paradigm

2.1 Northeast (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regions 1, 2, and 3)

2.2 South (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regions 4 and 6)

2.3 North Central (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regions 5, 7, and 8)

2.4 West (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regions 9 and 10)

2.5 Eastern Canada

2.6 Western Canada

3.0 International Trends Toward the N-E-W Paradigm

3.1 Europe

3.2 Australia

3.3 South Asia

3.4 Middle East

3.5 Southern Africa

4.0 Reference

Chapter 4 Current State-of-the-Science in Recovery Technology Approaches and Opportunities

Tanja Rauch-Williams, Ph.D., P.E.

Andre Gharagozian

Gary L. Hunter, P.E., BCEE

and Drury D. Whitlock, P.E.

1.0 Overview

2.0 Nitrogen

2.1 Methods for Accumulation/Concentration

2.1.1 Biological Accumulation in Water Resource Recovery Facilities

2.1.2 Adsorption/Ion Exchange

2.2 Methods for Release

2.2.1 Digestion

2.2.2 Sludge Pretreatment for Enhanced Nitrogen Release

2.2.2.1 Mechanical

2.2.2.2 Ultrasonic

2.2.2.3 Electrical

2.2.2.4 Thermal

2.3 Methods for Extraction and Recovery

2.3.1 Ion Exchange

2.3.2 Sorption and Desorption

2.3.3 Air Stripping

2.3.4 Condensation/Distillation

2.3.5 Gas-Permeable Membranes

2.3.6 Packaged Ammonia Recovery Processes

2.3.6.1 Gas Stripping and Condensation.

2.3.6.2 Vaccuum Stripping and Ion Exchange

2.3.6.3 Vaporization and Absorption

3.0 Phosphorus

3.1 Methods or Accumulation/Concentration of Phosphorus

3.1.1 Biological Phosphorus Removal

3.1.2 Chemical Precipitation

3.1.2.1 Sorption and Ion Exchange

3.1.2.2 Magnetic Separation

3.2 Phosphorus Release

3.2.1 Digestion

3.2.2 Sludge Pretreatment for Enhanced Phosphorus Release

3.3 Phosphorus Recovery

4.0 Nitrogen and Phosphorus

4.1 Biosolids

4.2 Algae Accumulation

4.3 Plant Accumulation

5.0 Energy Recovery

5.1 Full-Scale Technologies

5.1.1 Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion Technologies for Maximum Biogas Production

5.1.2 Cogeneration and Heat Recovery

5.1.2.1 Digester Gas Characteristics

5.1.2.2 Digester Gas Treatment System

5.1.2.3 Energy Recovery Technologies

5.1.3 Co-Digestion/Fats, Oils, and Grease

5.1.3.1 Co-Digestion of Combined Municipal Primary Sludge and Waste Activated Sludge and Expired Produce

5.1.3.2 Co-Digestion of Combined Municipal Primary Sludge and Waste Activated Sludge and Manure

5.1.3.3 Biogas Production from High-Solids-Content Food and Green Wastes

5.1.3.4 Discussion

5.1.4 Sludge Pretreatment Technologies for Enhanced Digestion

5.1.5 Advanced Anaerobic Digestion

5.1.5.1 Processes Using Mesophilic Temperatures

5.1.5.2 Mesophilic Acid Hydrolysis-Single Tank Anaerobic Digestion Systems

5.1.5.3 Mesophilic Acid Hydrolysis-Plug Flow Anaerobic Digestion Systems

5.1.5.4 Processes Using Thermophilic Temperatures

5.1.5.5 Temperature-Phased Anaerobic Digestion Systems

5.1.5.6 Thermophilic Batch Flow Anaerobic Digestion Systems

5.1.6 Effluent Thermal Energy Recovery

5.1.7 Hydraulic Energy Recovery

5.1.8 Thermal Conversion Technologies

5.1.8.1 Direct Conversion of Biosolids to Energy

5.1.8.2 Biosolids to Energy-Summary.

5.2 Emerging Technologies-Gasification

6.0 Water Recovery

6.1 Potable Reuse

6.2 Nonpotable Reuse

8.0 Suggested Readings

Chapter 5 Case Studies of Recovery Technology Applications

Wendell O. Khunjar, Ph.D.

Samuel S. Jeyanayagam, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE

Vivi Nguyen

Joe Rohrbacher

David Wankmuller

and Elizabeth Watson, P.E., LEED AP

1.0 Implementation of Extractive Nutrient Recovery

1.1 Struvite Crystallization Case Study Experiences-Hampton Roads Sanitation District

1.2 Ammonia Recovery Case Study Experience-Oslo, Norway

1.3 Recovery from Sludge and Ash-Malmo and Helsinborg, Sweden

2.0 Implementation of Energy Recovery

2.1 Co-Digestion-East Bay Municipal Utility District (Oakland, California)

2.2 Thermal Hydrolysis-DC Water Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant Biosolids Management Program

2.3 Thermal Energy Recovery-James C. Kirie Water Reclamation Plant

3.0 Implementation of Water Recovery

3.1 Nonpotable Reuse-San Antonio Water System (San Antonio, Texas)

3.2 Indirect Potable Reuse

3.2.1 Orange County Groundwater Replenishment System

3.2.2 Village of Cloudcroft, New Mexico

3.3 Direct Potable Reuse

3.3.1 Windhoek, Namibia

3.3.2 Big Spring, Texas

4.0 References

5.0 Suggested Readings

Chapter 6 Resource Recovery: The Utility Management Perspective

Eric Rothstein, C.P.A.

Rudy Fernandez

and Peter Ruffier

1.1 Strategic and Tactical Implications of the Resource Recovery Paradigm

1.2 From Silent Service to Leadership in Community Sustainability Initiatives

1.3 Embracing Managerial Complexity

2.0 General Policy Issues

2.1 Public Sector Responsibilities-Community Sustainability

2.2 Potential Competition with the Private Sector as Product/Service Providers

2.3 Potential Public-Private Partnerships.

2.4 Promoting Community Sustainability-"Triple Bottom Line" Project Evaluation

2.5 Stakeholder Engagement

3.0 Operational Considerations

3.1 Operations Staff Education

3.2 Ensuring Employee Health and Safety in a Resource Recovery Workplace

3.3 Security Implications

4.0 Information Technology

5.0 Capital Program Management

5.1 Master Planning/Project Prioritization

5.1.1 Economic Evaluation Criteria

5.1.2 Ecosystem Valuation Methodology

5.2 Capital Project Procurement

6.0 Asset Management

6.1 Different Equipment with New Maintenance, Renewal, and Replacement Protocols

6.2 Integration of Resource Recovery Assets to System-Wide Asset Management Programs

7.0 Financial Considerations

7.1 Rate Setting-Recognition of "Value" in Waste Streams

7.1.1 Segregated Operations

7.1.2 System-Wide Revenue Requirement Reduction

7.1.3 Selected Contributor Credits to Wastewater Rates

7.2 Resource Recovery Services Financial Management

7.3 Funding Opportunities

7.3.1 Traditional Sources

7.3.2 Public-Private Partnership Opportunities

8.0 Stakeholder Communications

8.1 Regulatory Relations

8.1.1 Procedures/Recommendations for Regulatory Preapprovals

8.1.2 Reporting on Combined Regulated/Nonregulated Programs

8.2 Customer Relations

8.2.1 Developing and Implementing Marketing Plans

8.2.2 Changing Outreach

8.2.3 Identifying Potential Markets

9.0 References

10.0 Suggested Readings

Chapter 7 Considerations for Selecting and Evaluating Resource Recovery Options

Dave L. Parry, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE

Flor Y. Garcia Becerra, Ph.D.

Michael Stevens

and Jennifer L. Strehler, P.E.

2.0 "Big Picture" Considerations

2.1 Assess Current Position

2.2 Gap Analysis

2.3 N-E-W Goal Setting

2.3.1 Resources and Technology Choices.

2.3.2 Setting Transition Goals and Objectives.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-57278-306-0

1-5231-0301-9