Safe mobility : challenges, methodology and solutions / edited by Dominique Lord, Simon Washington.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Lord, Dominique, 1969- editor.

Washington, Simon, editor.

Series:

Transport and sustainability ; 2044-9941 v. 11.

Transport and sustainability, 2044-9941 ; v. 11

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Traffic safety.

Transportation--Security measures.

Transportation.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (511 pages) : illustrations.

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Bingley : Emerald Publishing, 2018.

Summary:

Safe mobility is clearly linked to transport sustainability, as fatalities and injuries resulting from people engaged with transport networks increasingly becomes a public health concern, relative to other health threats. This volume presents the current state of the knowledge across a multitude of analytical and context specific transport safety areas. It includes a comprehensive set of chapters authored by many of the world's leading experts in both behavioural and engineering aspects of safety mobility. The book increases the level of knowledge on road safety contexts, issues and challenges; shares what can currently be done to address the variety of issues; and points to what needs to be done to make further gains in road safety.

Contents:

Intro

Safe Mobility: Challenges, Methodology and Solutions

For Dominique Lord:

For Simon Washington:

Contents

List of Tables

List of FIGURES

Editorial Board

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Acknowledgements

Chapter 1: Introduction

Motivation for the Book

Challenges in Reducing Road Crashes

Complexity of Driving Task

Engineering Transport Systems for Humans

Differences between Driver Safety and Security

Co-Mingling of Mobility Modes

Challenges in Evaluating Road Safety

Structure of the Book

References

Driver Behaviour:Challenges and Solutions

Chapter 2: Driver Education and Licensing Programs

INTRODUCTION

DRIVER LICENSING

Novice Driver Licensing

Minimum Driver Licensing Age

Graduated Driver Licensing

Provisional or Intermediate Licence

Role of Parents

Compliance and Enforcement

Driver Testing

Monitoring the Impact of Driver Licensing Changes on Unlicensed Driving

ROLE OF DRIVER EDUCATION

Pre-Licence Training

School-Based Driver Training

Resilience Training

Post-Licence Education

Procedural Skills Training

Hazard Perception Skills Training and Education

Insight Training

USE OF SIMULATORS IN LICENSING AND EDUCATION

Education

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 3: Aggressive Driving and Speeding

Introduction

What Is Aggressive Driving?

Who Drives Aggressively Most Often?

The Role of Speeding

Speeding's Ties to Demographic Attributes and Driving Contexts

The Role of Gender

Driving Under the Influence

Opportunities for Moderating Aggressive Driving and Managing Speed

Driver Education

Engineering: Roadway and Vehicle Design

Further Suggestions

Example Applications of Anti-Aggressive Driving Strategies

Conclusions

NOTE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

References.

Chapter 4: Driver Distraction and Inattention

Definitions and Theories of Driver Inattention and Distraction

Theories of Driver Distraction and Inattention

Sources of Distraction

Case Study: Distraction from Billboards and Roadside Advertising

Moderators of Driver Distraction

Driver Characteristics

Driving Task Demand

Secondary Task Demand

Self-regulation

Driver Distraction, Driving Performance and Safety

Driver Distraction in Highly Automated Vehicles

Countermeasures and Mitigation of Driver Distraction

Education and Training

An Ergonomically Designed Human-Machine Interface

Other Countermeasures

Transport Network: Challenges and Solutions

Chapter 5: Urban and Suburban Arterials

MEASURING CRASH RISK ON URBAN AND SUBURBAN ARTERIALS

FACTORS KNOWN TO INFLUENCE CRASH RISK ON URBAN AND SUBURBAN ARTERIALS

Traffic Volume

Access and Intersection Density

Speed

Lane Width

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES USEDTO EVALUATE ROAD SAFETY ON URBAN AND SUBURBAN ARTERIALS

STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING ROAD SAFETY ON URBAN AND SUBURBAN ARTERIALS

Access Management

Traffic Calming Strategies

Treatments for Pedestrians and Cyclists

Other Measures

Sustainable Safety

SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 6: Controlled Access Facilities (Freeways)

Design and Speed Consistency on Freeways

Roadside Safety

Human Factors: Concepts to Improve Safety on Existing Freeways

ITS and Freeway Safety

Safety Assessment of Freeway Networks

Future Research Directions in Freeway Safety

Chapter 7: Rural and Urban Intersections

Intersection Crash Analysis

Intersection Crash Likelihood or Frequency

Urban Intersection Crash Likelihood and Frequency.

Rural Intersection Crash Likelihood and Frequency

Intersection Crash Severity

Urban Intersection Crash Severity

Rural Intersection Crash Severity

Discussion

Chapter 8: Roundabouts

Warrant Criteria

Design Process

Roundabouts Classification

Mini-Roundabouts

Single-Lane Roundabouts

Multi-Lane Roundabouts

Turbo-Roundabouts

Double-Roundabouts

Geometric Design

Central Island

Entry Width

Entry Radius

Entry Angle

Circulatory Roadway Width

Exit Width

Exit Radius

Performance Checks

Speed Control

Radius of Deflection

Entry Path Radius

Deviation Angle

Sight Distance

Facilities for Pedestrians and Cyclists

Pedestrians

Cyclists

Traffic Control Devices

NOTES

Chapter 9: Real-Time Traffic Safety and Operation

Data

Real-Time Traffic Data

Crash Data

Geometric and Weather Data

Data Processing

Data Aggregation and Combination

Non-Crash Case Selection

Modelling Methods

Findings

Applications

Future Studies

Vulnerable Road Users: Challenges and Solutions

Chapter 10: Providing for Pedestrians

Benefits of Walking

Measurement of Safety

User Groups

Pedestrian Facilities Along Roadways

Pedestrian Facilities Across Roadways

How to Achieve Low Speeds

Speeds and Safety

Making Pedestrians Noticed

Prioritising Pedestrians

Intelligent Transportation Systems

Chapter 11: Providing for Bicyclists

Hierarchy of Options in Providing for Bicyclists

On-Road Cycling Infrastructure

Marked Bicycle Lanes

Intersections: Careful Planning

Off-Road Cycling Infrastructure

Shared Bicycle Paths

Cycling on the Footpath

Directional Signage.

End-of-Trip Facilities

Bikeshare Programs

Methods for Understanding and Predicting Safety Performance

Chapter 12: Cross-Sectional Modelling

ANALYSIS OF CRASH-FREQUENCY DATA

ANALYSIS OF CRASH-INJURY SEVERITY DATA

UNOBSERVED HETEROGENEITY

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA

EXPLICITLY ADDRESSING TEMPORAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CROSS-SECTIONALCRASH DATA

OTHER MODEL ESTIMATION CONCERNS

Correlation of Observations

Irrelevant Variables

Non-Linearities

Multicollinearity

Selectivity-bias/Endogeneity

Under-reporting of Crashes with Less Severe Injuries

Choice of Methodological Approach

SUMMARY

Chapter 13: Time-Series Regression Models for Analysing Transport Safety Data

Time-Series Regression Models and Their Applications in Safe Mobility

Time-Series Regression Models: Recent Developments

Poisson Autoregressive Model

NBINGARCH Models

GLARMA Models

An Application of the GLARMA Model to Airspace Safety

Chapter 14: Safety Prediction with Datasets Characterised with Excess Zero Responses and Long Tails

Crash Data Characteristics

Over-Dispersion and Excess Zero Responses

Spatial and Time Scales

Under-Reporting of Crashes

Sites Characterised by Low Exposure and High Risk

Important Omitted Variables

Effects of Excess Zero Responses and Long Tails

Multi-Parameter Models

The Negative Binomial-Lindley Model

The Negative Binomial-Generalised Exponential Model

The Negative Binomial-Crack Model

Application of Multi-Parameter Models

Comparing Distributions: An Example

Comparing Models: An Example

Summary and Further Research Needs

Chapter 15: Crash Severity Methods

Introduction.

Defining Crash Severity

KABCO

Abbreviated Injury Scale

Vehicle Damage

Factors Associated with Crash Severity

Haddon Matrix

Human Factors

Vehicle/Equipment Factors

Environmental and Road Factors

Modelling Crash Severity

Ordered Versus Un-Ordered Severity Outcomes

Ordered Outcome Models

Nominal Outcome Models

Alternative Model Formulations

Other Issues

Modelling Examples

Example 1

Example 2

Summary and Conclusions

Chapter 16: Detecting High-Risk Accident Locations

What are Blackspots?

State of the Practice in BSI

Overview of BSI Approaches

Naïve Classical Approaches

Safety Performance Functions

Empirical Bayesian Approach

Severity-Based Approaches

Accounting for Unobserved Spatial Effects

Continuous Risk Profile Approach

Evaluation Criteria

False Identification Test

Site Consistency Test

Method Consistency Test

Total Rank Differences Test

Poisson Mean Differences Test

Research Gaps and Likely Future Directions

Chapter 17: Surrogate Measures of Safety

Historical Perspective of Traffic Conflicts

Aetiology of Traffic Conflicts and Crashes

Measures of Crash Proximity

Observing Traffic Conflicts

The Conflict-Collision Relationship

Speed Selection and Other Behavioural Measures

Computer Simulation of Safety

Methods for Evaluating Safety Impacts of Countermeasures

Chapter 18: Before-After Evaluations

CONTEXT

Purpose of Before-After Evaluations

Before-After Evaluations in the Context of otherTypes of Observational Studies

THE GOLD STANDARD - EMPIRICAL BAYESBEFORE-AFTER EVALUATION

Overview

Mathematics Essentials

A Detailed Example

VARIATION FROM THE GOLD STANDARD.

Comparison Group Study.

Notes:

Includes index.

Includes bibliographical references.

Print version record

ISBN:

9781787148925

1787148920

9781786352231

1786352230