Basic Principles of Membrane Technology / by Marcel Mulder.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Mulder, Marcel., Author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Chemistry, Physical and theoretical.

Chemistry, Organic.

Chemistry, Technical.

Physical Chemistry.

Organic Chemistry.

Industrial Chemistry.

Local Subjects:

Physical Chemistry.

Organic Chemistry.

Industrial Chemistry.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xiv, 564 p.)

Edition:

2nd ed. 1996.

Place of Publication:

Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer, 1996.

Summary:

III . 2 Preparation of synthetic membranes 72 III . 3 Phase inversion membranes 75 III. 3. 1 Preparation by evaporation 76 III . 3. 2 Precipitation. from the vapour phase 76 III . 3. 3 Precipitation by controlled evaporation 76 Thermal precipitation 76 III . 3. 4 III . 3. 5 Immersion precipitation 77 Preparation techniques for immersion precipitation 77 III . 4 Flat membranes 77 III . 4. 1 78 III . 4. 2 Tubular membranes 81 III . 5 Preparation techniques for composite membranes 82 III. 5. 1 Interfacial polymerisation Dip-coating 83 III . 5. 2 III . 5. 3 Plasma polymerisation 86 III . 5. 4 Modification of homogeneous dense membranes 87 III . 6 Phase separation in polymer systems 89 III . 6. 1 Introduction 89 III . 6. 1. 1 Thermodynamics 89 III . 6. 2 Demixing processes 99 III . 6. 2. 1 Binary mixtures 99 III . 6. 2. 2 Ternary systems 102 III . 6. 3 Crystallisation 104 III . 6. 4 Gelation 106 III . 6. 5 Vitrification 108 III . 6. 6 Thermal precipitation 109 III . 6. 7 Immersion precipitation 110 III . 6. 8 Diffusional aspects 114 III . 6. 9 Mechanism of membrane formation 117 III. 7 Influence of various parameters on membrane morphology 123 III. 7. 1 Choice of solvent-nonsolvent system 123 III . 7. 2 Choice of the polymer 129 III . 7. 3 Polymer concentration 130 III . 7. 4 Composition of the coagulation bath 132 III . 7. 5 Composition of the casting solution 133 III . 7.

Contents:

I Introduction

I. 1 Separation processes

I. 2 Introduction to membrane processes

I. 3 History

I. 4 Definition of a membrane

I. 5 Membrane processes

I. 6 Solved problems

I. 7 Unsolved problems

I. 8 Literature

II Materials and material properties

II. 1 Introduction

II. 2 Polymers

II. 3 Stereoisomerism

II. 4 Chain flexibility

II. 5 Molecular weight

II. 6 Chain interactions

II. 7 State of the polymer

II. 8 Effect of polymeric structure on Tg

II. 9 Glass transition temperature depression

II. 10 Thermal and chemical stability

II. 11 Mechanical properties

II. 12 Elastomers

II. 13 Thermoplastic elastomers

II. 14 Polyelectrolytes

II. 15 Polymer blends

II. 16 Membrane polymers

II. 17 Inorganic membranes

II. 18 Biological membranes

II. 19 Solved problems

II. 20 Unsolved problems

II. 21 Literature

III Preparation of synthetic membranes

III. 1 Introduction

III. 2 Preparation of synthetic membranes

III. 3 Phase inversion membranes.-III.4 Preparation techniques for immersion precipitation

III.5 Preparation techniques for composite membranes

III.6 Phase separation in polymer systems

III.7 Influence of various parameters on membrane morphology

III. 8 Inorganic membranes

III.9 Solved problems

III.10 Unsolved problems

III. 11 Literature

IV Characterisation of membranes

IV. 1 Introduction

IV. 2 Membrane characterization

IV. 3 Characterisation of porous membranes

IV. 4 Characterisation of ionic membranes

IV. 5 Characterisation of nonporous membranes

IV. 6 Solved problems

IV. 7 Unsolved problems

IV. 8 Literature

V Transport in membranes

V. 1 Introduction

V. 2 Driving forces

V. 3 Nonequilibrium thermodynamics

V. 4 Transport through porous membranes

V. 5 Transport through nonporous membranes

V. 6 Transport through membranes. A unified approach

V. 7 Transport in ion-exchange membranes

V. 8 Solved problems

V. 9 Unsolved problems

V. 8 Literature

VI Membrane processes.-VI. 1 Introduction

VI. 2 Osmosis

VI. 3 Pressure driven membrane processes

VI. 4 Concentration as driving force

VI. 5 Thermally driven membrane processes

VI. 6 Membrane contactors

VI. 7 Electrically driven membrane processes

VI. 8 Membrane reactors and membrane bioreactors

VI. 9 Solved problems

VI. 10 Unsolved problems

VI. 11 Literature

VII Polarisation phenomena and fouling

VII. 1 Introduction

VII. 2 Concentration polarisation

VII. 3 Turbulence promoters

VII. 4 Pressure drop

VII. 5 Characteristic flux behaviour in pressure driven membrane operations

VII. 6 Gel layer model

VII. 7 Osmotic pressure model

VII. 8 Boundary layer resistance model

VII. 9 Concentration polarisation in diffusive membrane separations

VII. 10 Concentration polarisation in electrodialysis

VII. 11 Temperature polarization

VII. 12 Membrane fouling

VII. 13 Methods to reduce fouling

VII. 14 Compaction

VII. 15 Solved problems

VII. 16 Unsolved problems

VII. 17 Literature

VIII Module and process design

VIII. 1 Introduction

VIII. 2 Plate-and-frame model

VIII. 3 Spiral wound module

VIII. 4 Tubular module

VIII. 5 Capillary module

VIII. 6 Hollow fiber module

VIII. 7 Comparison of the module configurations

VIII. 8 System design

VIII. 9 Cross-flow operations

VIII. 10 Hybrid dead-end/cross flow system

VIII. 11 Cascade operations

VIII. 12 Some examples of system design

VIII. 13 Process parameters

VIII. 14 Reverse osmosis

VIII. 15 Diafiltration

VIII. 16 Gas separation and vapour permeation

VIII. 17 Pervaporation

VIII. 18 Pervaporation

VIII. 19 Dialysis

VIII. 20 Energy requirements

VIII. 21 Solved problems

VIII. 22 Unsolved problems

VIII. 23 Literature

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

Answers to exercises: solved problems

Answers to exercises: unsolved problems

List of symbols.

Notes:

Previous edition: 1991.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Other Format:

paperback

hardback

ISBN:

94-009-1766-X