Introduction to desalination : systems, processes and environmental impacts / Fuad Nesf Alasfour.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Alsfour, Fuad Nesf, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Saline water conversion.

Water--Purification.

Water.

Physical Description:

xiv, 390 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm

Place of Publication:

Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH, [2020]

Summary:

"With this book, an introduction is given to the basics and fundamentals of desalination systems. Both, thermal and membrane desalination systems, are covered and discussed in view of energy, exergy, economic and environmental aspects. In the beginning, Introduction to Desalination: Systems, Processes and Environmental Impacts describes multi effect evaporation, vapor compression and multi-stage flashing. Further chapters deal with common membrane-based separations like reverse osmosis and membrane filtration, forward osmosis, diffusion dialysis and pervaporation as well as thermo-osmosis, electrodialysis and electrodeionization. Subsequently, hybrid systems are discussed, and the economic analysis of such systems and their environmental impact are highlighted. Each chapter contains theoretical and practical examples and concludes with questions and problems for self-study."--Page 4 of cover.

Contents:

Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction

1.1. What Is Desalination?

1.2. Aims of Desalination Processes

1.3. Desalination Processes

1.4. Desalination Technologies

1.4.1. Thermal Desalination System

1.4.2. Membrane Desalination System

1.5. Which Desalination System Is the Best?

1.6. Thermo-Physical Properties of Water

1.6.1. Potable Water

1.6.2. Seawater

References

A. Review Questions

pt. I Thermal Desalination Systems

2. Multi-effect Evaporator (MEE)

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Vaporization

2.3. MEE Processes

2.4. MEE Configurations

2.5. Mathematical Modeling Algorithm for Thermal Systems

2.6. MEE Mathematical Model

2.6.1. Forward Flow Mathematical Modeling MEE-FF

2.6.1.1. Energy Analysis

2.6.1.2. Exergy Analysis

2.6.2. Backward Flow Mathematical Model MEE-BF

2.6.3. Parallel Flow Mathematical Model MEE-PF-Cross Type

2.7. MEE Integrated Auxiliary Devices

2.8. Characteristics of MEE Desalination Systems

2.9. MEE Energy Consumption and Cost

B. Problems

C. Essay, Design, and Open-Ended Problems

3. Multi-stage Flashing (MSF)

3.1. Flashing Stage

3.2. MSF Once-Through Configuration MSF-OT

3.2.1. MSF-OT Once-Through Model

3.2.1.1. Optimum Number of MSF Stages

3.3. MSF-Brine Recirculation (MSF-BR)

3.3.1. Detailed Mathematical Model of MSF-BR System

3.4. MSF with Brine Mixer (MSF-BM)

3.5. Material of Construction

C. Essay, Design and Open-Ended Problems

4. Vapor Compression: Thermal Vapor Compression (TVC), Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC), and Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR)

4.1. Thermal Vapor Compression (TVC)

4.2. TVC Mathematical Modeling

4.3. Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC)

4.4. SEE-MVC Mathematical Modeling

4.5. Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR)

4.6. Characteristics of VC Desalination System

C. Essay, Design and Open-Ended Problem

pt. II Membrane Desalination Systems

5. Pressure Gradient Driving Force: Reverse Osmosis (RO), Nanofiltration (NF), Ultrafiltration (UF), Microfiltration (MF)

5.1. Semipermeable Membrane: Properties and Modules

5.2. Membrane Modules (Configurations)

5.3. Natural Osmosis Phenomenon

5.4. Reverse Osmosis (RO)

5.5. Membrane Performance

5.5.1. Recovery Ratio (RR)

5.5.2. Net Driving Pressure (NDP)

5.5.3. Solute Rejection Rate (RjR)

5.5.4. Volume Recovery (VR)

5.5.5. Permeate Flux (J)

5.5.6. Specific Energy Consumption (SEC)

5.5.7. Concentration Polarization Factor (β)

5.5.8. Rate of Solvent Pass

5.5.9. Rate of Solute Pass

5.5.10. Concentration Factor (CF)

5.6. RO System Components

5.7. RO Advantages and Disadvantages

5.8. RO Performance Using Software

5.9. RO Mathematical Model

5.10. Energy Recovery Device (ERD)

5.10.1. Pressure Exchanger (PX)

5.11. MF, UF, and NF Membranes: Materials and Applications

5.11.1. MF and UF

5.11.2. Nanofiltration (NF)

6. Electrical Potential Driving Force: Electrodialysis (ED), Electrodialysis Reversed (EDR)

6.1. Electrodialysis

6.2. Electrodialysis Principle

6.3. Conservation of Ionic Mass

6.4. ED Mathematical Modeling

6.5. ED Characteristics

6.5.1. Limiting Current Density (LCD)

6.5.2. Substance Removal Rate (G)

6.5.3. Normality (N)

6.5.4. Current Intensity (I)

6.6. Advantages and Disadvantages of ED

6.7. Electrodialysis Reversed (EDR)

7. Temperature Gradient Driving Force: Membrane Distillation (MD)

7.1. MD Processes and Configurations

7.2. MD Advantages and Disadvantages

7.3. Characteristics of Hydrophobic Membranes

7.3.1. Liquid Entry Pressure (LEP)

7.3.2. Trans-membrane Flux (N)

7.3.3. Membrane Thermal Conductivity (Km)

7.4. Heat and Mass Transfer Models for DCMD

7.4.1. DCMD Heat Transfer Mathematical Model

7.4.2. MD Mass Transfer Model

7.4.2.1. Fouling and Scaling in MD

8. Concentration Gradient Driving Force: Natural Osmosis, Forward Osmosis (FO), Pervaporation (PV), Dialysis

8.1. Forward Osmosis (FO)

8.1.1. FO Advantages and Disadvantages

8.1.2. FO Solvent and Solute Fluxes

8.1.3. FO Mass Transfer

8.1.4. FO Configuration

8.1.5. FO Concentration Polarization (CP)

8.2. Pervaporation (PV)

8.2.1. Pervaporation Mathematical Modeling and Performance Parameters

8.3. Dialysis

8.3.1. Neutralization Dialysis (ND)

8.4. Summary: Membrane Desalination Systems

pt. III Nonconventional Desalination Systems

9. Renewable Energy and Desalination: Solar, Wind, Geothermal

9.1. Solar Energy

9.1.1. Direct Solar Desalination Systems

9.1.1.1. Solar Pond

9.1.1.2. Solar Still

9.1.1.3. Internal Heat Transfer

9.1.1.4. External Heat Transfer

9.1.2. Indirect Solar Collectors

9.1.2.1. Thermal Solar Collectors (TSC)

9.1.2.2. Solar Photovoltaic (PV)

9.2. Calculation of Solar Radiation on Inclined Surface

9.3. Wind Energy

9.3.1. Wind Turbine Configurations

9.3.2. Wind Turbine Mathematical Model

9.3.3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Wind Turbine

9.4. Geothermal Energy

9.5. Geothermal Well Performance

9.5.1. Geothermal Energy and Desalination

9.6. Advantages of Geothermal Energy

Questions and Problems

10. Hybrid Desalination System

10.1. Case I: Cogeneration

MSF

RO Hybrid Desalination Systems

10.2. Case II: Hybrid SEF

Geothermal Desalination System

10.3. Case III: Hybrid MEE

Solar Desalination System

10.3.1. MEE-FF System

10.3.2. Solar Flat-Plate Collector

10.3.3. Mathematical Modeling for Solar Flat-Plate Collector

10.4. Case IV: Hybrid MD

RO Desalination System

10.4.1. Modeling and Simulation

10.4.2. Results and Discussion

10.5. Case V: Hybrid Humidification

Dehumidification Desalination System

Essay, Design, and Open-Ended Problems.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Other Format:

Electronic version: Alasfour, Fuad Nesf. Introduction to Desalination.

ISBN:

9783527343577

3527343571

OCLC:

1226782169

Publisher Number:

99987477355