Phase transitions in materials / Brent Fultz.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Fultz, B. (Brent), author.

Contributor:

Emma Louise McClellan Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Phase transformations (Statistical physics)--Textbooks.

Phase transformations (Statistical physics).

Thermodynamics--Textbooks.

Thermodynamics.

Materials--Thermal properties--Textbooks.

Materials.

Statistical mechanics--Textbooks.

Statistical mechanics.

Materials--Thermal properties.

Genre:

Textbooks.

Physical Description:

xix, 587 pages : illustrations (black and white) ; 26 cm

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, 2020.

Summary:

"This book explains the thermodynamics and kinetics of most of the important phase transitions in materials science. It is a textbook, so the emphasis is on explanations of phenomena rather than a scholarly assessment of their origins. The goal is explanations that are concise, clear, and reasonably complete. The level and detail are appropriate for upper division undergraduate students and graduate students in materials science andmaterials physics. The book should also be useful for researchers who are not specialists in these fields. The book is organized for approximately sequential coverage in a graduate-level course. The four parts of the book serve different purposes, however, and should be approached differently"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Machine generated contents note: pt. I Basic Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Phase Transformations

1. Introduction

1.1. What Is a Phase Transition?

1.2. Atoms and Materials

1.3. Pure Elements

1.4. Alloys: Unmixing and Ordering

1.5. What Is a Phase Transformation?

1.6. Brief Review of Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Problems

2. Temperature-Composition Phase Diagrams

2.1. Intuition and Expectations about Alloy Thermodynamics

2.2. Free Energy Curves, Solute Conservation, and the Lever Rule

2.3. Common Tangent Construction

2.4. Continuous Solid Solubility Phase Diagram

2.5. Eutectic and Peritectic Phase Diagrams

2.6. Ternary Phase Diagrams

2.7. Free Energy of a Solid Solution

2.8. Unmixing Phase Diagram

2.9. Order-Disorder Phase Diagram

2.10. Alloy Phase Diagrams

3. Diffusion

3.1. Processes of Atom Movements in Crystals

3.2. The Diffusion Equation

3.3. Gaussian and Error Functions in One Dimension

3.4. Fourier Series Solutions to the Diffusion Equation

3.5. Bessel Functions and Other Special Function Solutions

4. Nucleation

4.1. Nucleation Phenomena and Terminology

4.2. Critical Nucleus

4.3. Heterogeneous Nucleation

4.4. Free Energy Curves and Nucleation

4.5. The Nucleation Rate

4.6. Time-Dependent Nucleation

4.7. Nucleation in Multicomponent Systems

5. Effects of Diffusion and Nucleation on Phase Transformations

5.1. Nonequilibrium Processing of Materials

5.2. Alloy Solidification with Suppressed Diffusion in the Solid

5.3. Alloy Solidification with Suppressed Diffusion in Both Solid and Liquid

5.4. Time, Temperature, and Transformation

5.5. Glasses and Liquids

5.6. Kinetics near Equilibrium

pt. II The Atomic Origins of Thermodynamics and Kinetics

6. Energy

6.1. Atomic Schrodinger Equations and Formalism

6.2. Molecular Orbital Theory of Diatomic Molecules

6.3. Electronic Bands and the Tight-Binding Model

6.4. Free and Nearly-Free Electrons

6.5. Some Electronic Structures of Materials

6.6. Elastic Constants and the Interatomic Potential

6.7. Linear Elasticity

6.8. Misfitting Particle

7. Entropy

7.1. Counting and Entropy

7.2. Short-Range Order and the Pair Approximation

7.3. Materials Structures and Properties Described by Clusters

7.4. Concept of Vibrational Entropy

7.5. Phonon Thermodynamics

7.6. Bond Proportion Model

7.7. Bond-Stiffness-versus-Bond-Length Model

8. Pressure

8.1. Materials under Pressure at Low Temperatures

8.2. Thermal Pressure, a Step beyond the Harmonic Model

8.3. Free Energies and Phase Boundaries under Pressure

8.4. Chemical Bonding and Antibonding under Pressure

8.5. Pressure-Driven Phase Transitions

8.6. Activation Volume

9. Interactions in Microstructures and Constrained Equilibrium

9.1. Solid-State Amorphization

9.2. Self-Trapping

9.3. Thermodynamics of Complex Materials

9.4. Partitioning of Energy in Polycrystals and Single Crystals

9.5. Coherency Strains in Chemical Unmixing

9.6. Coupling between Unmixing Processes

9.7. Factoring the Partition Function

10. Atom Movements with the Vacancy Mechanism

10.1. Random Walk and Correlations

10.2. Correlation Factors for Atoms and Vacancies in Alloys

10.3. Phenomena in Alloy Diffusion

10.4. Diffusion in a Potential Gradient

10.5. Diffusion in a Temperature Gradient

10.6. Nonthermodynamic Equilibrium in Driven Systems

10.7. Vineyard's Theory of Diffusion

pt. III Types of Phase Transformations

11. Thermodynamics and Phase Transitions at Surfaces

11.1. Surface Structure

11.2. Thermodynamic Roughening Transition

11.3. Surface Structure and Kinetics

11.4. Energies of Grain Boundaries and Interfaces

11.5. Anisotropic Surface Energy

11.6. Reactions at Surfaces

11.7. Gas Adsorption

12. Melting

12.1. Structure and Thermodynamics of Melting

12.2. Chemical Trends of Melting

12.3. Free Energy of a Solid

12.4. Entropy of a Liquid

12.5. Thermodynamic Condition for the Melting Temperature

12.6. Glass Transition

12.7. Two Dimensions

13. Solidification

13.1. Solidification Microstructures

13.2. Alloy Solidification with Suppressed Diffusion in the Liquid

13.3. Constitutional Supercooling

13.4. Cellular and Dendritic Microstructures

13.5. Dendrite Growth with Solute Segregation

13.6. Surface Energy

13.7. Developments in Solidification Science

14. Phase Transformations with Interfaces: 1. Microstructure

14.1. Guinier

Preston Zones and Precipitation Sequences

14.2. Precipitation at Grain Boundaries and Defects

14.3. The Eutectoid Transformation and Pearlite

14.4. Heat Treatments of Steel

14.5. The Kolmogorov

Johnson

Mehl

Avrami Growth Equation

14.6. Coarsening

15. Phase Transformations with Interfaces: 2. Energetics and Kinetics

15.1. Interface Thermodynamics and Kinetics

15.2. Atomistic Model of Interface Motion

15.3. Local Nonequilibrium at Fast Interfaces

15.4. Elastic Energy and Shape of Growing Plate-Like Precipitates

15.5. Elastic Energy and Solute Atoms

16. Spinodal Decomposition

16.1. Concentration Fluctuations and the Free Energy of Solution

16.2. A Square Gradient Term in the Free Energy

16.3. Constrained Minimization of the Free Energy

16.4. The Diffusion Equation

16.5. Effects of Elastic Energy on Spinodal Decomposition

17. Phase Field Theory

17.1. Spatial Distribution of Phases and Interfaces

17.2. Order Parameters as Field Quantities

17.3. Domain Boundary Structure

17.4. Domain Boundary Kinetics

18. Method of Concentration Waves and Chemical Ordering

18.1. Structure in Real Space and Reciprocal Space

18.2. Symmetry and the Star

18.3. The Free Energy in k-Space with Concentration Waves

18.4. Symmetry Invariance of Free Energy and Landau

Lifshitz Rule for Second-Order Phase Transitions

18.5. Thermodynamics of Ordering in the Mean Field Approximation with Long-Range Interactions

19. Diffusionless Transformations

19.1. Dislocations, Mechanisms, and Twinning

19.2. Martensite

19.3. Landau Theory of Displacive Phase Transitions

19.4. Crystal Instabilities and Phonons

20. Thermodynamics of Nanomaterials

20.1. Energies of Atoms at Grain Boundaries in Nanocrystals

20.2. Gibbs

Thomson Effect

20.3. Atomic Structures of Nanocrystals

20.4. Electron Energies in Nanomaterials

20.5. Entropy of Nanomaterials

20.6. Magnetic Nanoparticles

21. Magnetic and Electronic Phase Transitions

21.1. Overview of Magnetic and Electronic Phase Transitions

21.2. Exchange Interactions

21.3. Thermodynamics of Ferromagnetism

21.4. Spin Waves

21.5. Thermodynamics of Antiferromagnetism

21.6. Dzyaloshinskii

Moriya Interactions and Skyrmions

21.7. Thermodynamics of Ionic Crystals

21.8. Ferroelectric Transition

21.9. Domains

Problems.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Emma Louise McClellan Fund.

Other Format:

Online version: Fultz, B. (Brent) Phase transitions in materials.

ISBN:

9781108485784

1108485782

OCLC:

1143825142

Publisher Number:

99987342459