Stem cells : scientific facts and fiction / Christine L. Mummery, Anja van de Stolpe, Bernard Roelen, Hans Clevers.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Mummery, C. L. (Christine L.), 1953-

Stolpe, Anja van de, 1956-

Roelen, Bernard A. J., 1968-

Clevers, Hans.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Stem cells.

Genre:

Electronic books.

Physical Description:

1 online resource

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

London : Academic Press, 2020.

System Details:

text file

Contents:

1 The biology of the cell p. 1

Organisms are composed of cells p. 2

DNA, genes, and chromosomes p. 3

How is the amount of mRNA regulated? p. 8

Transcription factors p. 8

From mRNA to a functional protein p. 9

From DNA and proteins to a cell with a specific function p. 12

Epigenetic regulation p. 12

RNA interference p. 15

DNA differences between genomes: mutation or variation? p. 15

Diseases due to variations and genome mutations p. 16

Dominant or recessive? p. 17

DNA outside the nucleus: bacterial remains p. 18

Cell lines and cell culture p. 19

2 Embryonic development p. 31

Fertilization and early embryo development p. 39

Sex cells and germ cell tumors p. 47

3 What are stem cells? p. 51

What makes stem cells different from other cells? p. 52

Totipotency, pluripotency, and embryonic stem cells p. 53

Multipotency, unipotency, and adult stem cells p. 56

Cell division and aging: the role of telomerase p. 59

The relationship between cell division and differentiation: epigenetics p. 59

Epigenetics in stem cells p. 60

4 Of mice and men: the history of embryonic stem cells p. 67

How it all began: pluripotent cells in early embryos p. 67

Mouse embryonal carcinoma cell lines p. 70

Pluripotent cells in an early embryo p. 73

Mouse embryonic stem cell lines p. 75

Towards human embryonic stem cells p. 77

On the road to stem cell therapy p. 85

Biased interpretation? p. 87

The future: stem cell transplantation as a clinical treatment p. 88

Breakthrough of the decade in the 21st century: induced pluripotent stem cells p. 89

5 Origins and types of stem cells p. 95

Pluripotent stem cells: past, present, and future p. 96

Embryonal carcinoma or teratocarcinoma stem cells p. 96

Embryonic stem cells p. 97

Germline stem cells p. 101

Induced pluripotent stem cells p. 102

Multipotent (adult) stem cells p. 105

Bone marrow p. 108

Organoids: miniorgans in a dish p. 109

Umbilical cord blood p. 110

6 Cloning: history and current applications p. 131

Before Dolly p. 131

Cloning Pets: Copy Cat and Snuppy p. 141

Just imagine what could be p. 143

Cloning domestic livestock p. 148

Cloning Challenges p. 150

Monkey cloning p. 152

7 Regenerative medicine: clinical applications of stem cells p. 159

What is therapeutic cell transplantation? p. 162

How many cells are needed for cell transplantation? p. 165

Why will some diseases be treatable with stem cells in the future and others not? p. 167

Loss of one cell type or more cell types p. 169

Diabetes type I: an autoimmune disease p. 171

Macular degeneration: the ideal disease? p. 172

Deafness p. 173

Spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis: restoring demyelination p. 174

Inherited and acquired diseases p. 178

What are the best stem cells for transplantation? p. 180

Can we combine gene therapy with stem cell transplantation? p. 185

In what part of the body should stem cells be transplanted and where do they exert their effect? p. 189

Which cell types will become available for cell transplantation? p. 191

Adult stem cells p. 191

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells p. 194

Transplantation of stem cells: where do we stand? p. 196

Exosomes from stem and progenitor cells-a safer alternative? p. 201

What are the risks associated with a stem cell transplantation? p. 201

When will stem cells be rejected after transplantation? p. 204

How does the body's immune system recognize a cell as "foreign"? p. 205

Reverse rejection: graft-versus-host p. 208

How to prevent rejection of a ceil transplant? p. 210

Tissue engineering p. 214

8 Stem cells in veterinary medicine p. 221

Treatment of family pets p. 222

Tendon in the horse p. 223

Osteoarthritis in dogs p. 225

Induced pluripotent stem cells p. 226

9 Cardiomyocytes from stem cells: what can we do with them? p. 231

The heart and cardiac repair p. 232

Stem cells models of heart disease p. 234

From pluripotent stem cells to cardiomyocytes p. 236

10 Adult stem cells: generation of self-organizing mini-organs in a dish p. 257

Adult stem cells in internal organs p. 259

Adult stem cells in the intestine p. 259

Adult stem cells in muscle tissue p. 261

What have we learnt about adult stem cells? p. 263

The future: organoids to repair tissues and organs? p. 263

11 Stem cell tourism p. 275

What is "stem cell tourism"? p. 275

What is the difference between commercial stem cell "treatments/' early-phase medical intervention, and standard stem cell clinical practice? p. 278

Perspective of the international society for stem cell research (ISSCR) p. 285

12 Cancer stem cells: where do they come from and where are they going? p. 299

Cancer: observations and some questions to start with p. 300

Introduction to stem cells and cancer p. 301

A brief history of cancer stem cells p. 301

The behavior of cancer cells: not all tumors and not all cells within a tumor, look the same p. 304

A Darwinian view: evolution of a tumor p. 305

Colon adenoma: a case in point for the role of an adult stem cell as the stem cell of origin p. 306

Development of a colon adenoma p. 307

When does a tumor become malignant and metastasize to different organs? p. 309

Interaction between cancer cells and their environment leads to "phenotypic" heterogeneity p. 310

How to become a cancer stem cell: epithelial mesenchymal transition p. 317

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and mesenchymal-epithelial transition: a renewed view on the role of cancer stem cells p. 318

How could developmental signal transduction pathways become active in cancer cells? p. 319

Cancer stem cells as circulating tumor cells p. 320

The final step: initiation of metastatic growth p. 321

A cancer stem cell: can it differentiate to another cell type? p. 321

Cancer stem cells: development of new drugs to treat cancer? p. 323

Conclusions and research challenges p. 326

13 Human stem cells for organs-on-chips: "clinical trials" without patients? p. 329

What are organs-on-chips? p. 330

New drugs and why would we need human organ and disease-on-chip models? p. 333

Human organ-on-chip models: for which diseases? p. 337

Human disease models as organ-on-chip: challenges p. 337

Where are we now with organ-on-chip technology? p. 338

Human stem cells as a critical component of organ-on-chip model systems p. 342

Pluripotent or adult stem cells in the organ-on-chip? p. 342

How to make stem cells "differentiate" to the right types of cells in the body p. 344

Formation of functional tissues and organs using Organ-on-Chip technology p. 344

What can "organs-on-chip" be used for? p. 346

Model systems for drug toxicity screening p. 346

Human disease models for drug target discovery and drug development: role for organs-on-chip p. 348

14 Stem cells for discovery of effective and safe new drugs p. 353

Drug discovery: a short historical perspective p. 353

Modern drug discovery p. 357

Challenges and opportunities in drug discovery p. 358

How is the safety of new drugs secured? p. 363

15 Patents, opportunities, and challenges: legal and intellectual property issues associated with stem cells p. 369

Companies and alliances p. 371

Patent issues: current intellectual property landscape p. 372

Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation p. 373

Europe versus the United States p. 374

More legal and ethical issues p. 380

Privacy and ownership p. 381

16 Stem cell perspectives: a vision of the future p. 383

Combining technologies: new human disease models for drug discovery p. 388

Personalized medicine and safer drugs p. 390.

Notes:

Includes index.

ISBN:

9780128226773

0128226773

OCLC:

1232261159

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.