Foundations of rural public health in America / Mark J. Minelli, Joseph N. Inungu.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Minelli, Mark J., author.

Contributor:

ProQuest ebook central.

Dr. William McDowell Mastin Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Rural health.

Rural health services.

Public health administration.

Physical Description:

1 online resource

polychrome

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Burlington, MA : Jones & Bartlett Learning, [2022]

System Details:

text file

Contents:

Part 1 Understanding Rural Communities p. 1

Chapter 1 Defining Rurality p. 3 / Joseph N. Inungu, MD, DrPH, MPH

Defining "Health" and "Rural" p. 3

Definitions of Health p. 4

The Search for a Universally Valid Definition of Health p. 4

Definitions of Rurality p. 5

Rural Public Health in the United States p. 9

Chapter 2 Determinants of Health in Rural Communities p. 17 / Carrie Henning-Smith, PhD, MPH, MSW

Determinants of Health in Rural Communities p. 18

Environmental and Community Context p. 18

Economic Landscape p. 21

Socio-Demographic Characteristics p. 21

Health Behaviors p. 23

Health Care p. 24

Chapter 3 Ethical Issues in Rural Communities p. 31 / Chimamanda Okafor, MPH and Mark J. Minelli, PhD, MA, MPA

Answering Ethical Questions p. 32

Ethical Issues in Rural Areas p. 32

Confidentiality and Privacy p. 32

Limited Resources and Access to Care p. 33

Patients' Inability to Pay for Care p. 33

Boundary Issues and Professional Patient Relationship p. 33

Telehealth p. 33

Part 2 Public Health Systems and Policies for Rural Communities p. 37

Chapter 4 History of the Development of Rural Health in the USA p. 39 / Andrew Kim, PhD, MPH

History of Development of Rural Health in the United States p. 40

Early Rural Health History p. 40

The 1700s p. 40

The 1800s p. 40

1910 to the Mid 1940s p. 41

1965 p. 42

2010 to Present p. 43

Effects of Legislation on Rural Health p. 45

Chapter 5 Federal Rural Health Organizations p. 49 / Andrew Kim, PhD, MPH

Federal Rural Health Organizations p. 50

Overview of Federal Agencies Contributing to Rural Health p. 50

Role of Federal Health Policy p. 53

Health Policies p. 53

Federal Policy Related to Rural Health p. 54

Chapter 6 U.S. Rural Health Systems in Transition p. 57 / Zigmond A. Kozicki, DHA, MSA, MA, LLP and Stephanie J.S. Baiyasi-Kozicki, DVM, MPH, HSAC

Rural Health in America p. 58

Social Determinants and Rural Health Status p. 58

Access to Health Care in Rural Communities p. 59

Facilities p. 59

Health Insurance p. 61

Medicare p. 61

Medicaid p. 62

Children's Health Insurance Program p. 62

Affordable Care Act p. 62

Value-Based Health Care p. 63

Quality-Adjusted Life Year p. 64

The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) p. 65

Opioid Epidemic and Rural Health p. 67

Rural Hospital Classification p. 68

Is There a Typical Rural Hospital? p. 70

Rural Health Clinics [RHCs] p. 70

The Rural Healthcare Providers p. 71

Workforce Shortage Problems p. 71

Primary Care Providers p. 71

Primary Care p. 72

Allied Health Rural Health Care p. 73

Critical Rural Allied Health Providers p. 73

Advanced Practice Provider (APP) Utilization and the Impact on Rural Medicine p. 74

What are Physician Assistants and Nurse Practitioners? p. 74

Examining the Major Barriers to Rural Health Care and Outcomes Disparities p. 75

Review of APP Utilization Benefits in Addressing the Barriers p. 75

Barriers to Increasing APP Presence in Rural America p. 76

Rehabilitative Care for a Rural Population p. 77

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) p. 77

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) p. 78

Mental Health Services for a Rural Population p. 80

Mental Health Services in Rural America p. 80

Rural Healthcare Challenges p. 81

Challenges for Rural Healthcare Administrators p. 82

Preventing Hospital Closures p. 83

U.S. Hospitals at Risk of Closure p. 84

How U.S. Healthcare Policy Promotes Hospital Closings p. 85

Michigan Hospitals at Risk of Closure p. 86

Rural Health Innovation p. 87

Technology is Changing Rural Health Care p. 88

Electronic Health Record p. 88

Telehealth Services p. 88

Artificial Intelligence p. 89

Population Health Promotion (PHP) p. 89

Population Health Centers p. 90

Accountable Care Collaborative (ACC) Example p. 91

Part 3 Health Disparities in Rural Communities p. 103

Chapter 7 Cardiovascular Disease in Rural United States p. 105 / Micah Zuhl, PhD and Maurice Tawil, MPH

Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases p. 106

Coronary Artery Disease p. 107

Peripheral Artery Disease p. 107

Stroke p. 108

Heart Failure p. 108

Cardiovascular Disease Disparities in the United States p. 109

Regional Differences p. 109

Contributing Factors to CVD Disparities p. 113

Prevention and Treatment for CVD p. 117

Chapter 8 Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Physical Activity p. 127 / Rachael Nelson, PhD and Naveen Sharma, PhD

Obesity: Prevalence and Etiology p. 128

Rural Disparities in Sociodemographic Factors Related to Obesity p. 129

Dietary Pattern's in Rural Environments Contributing to Obesity p. 129

Sedentary Behavior in Rural Communities Contributing to Obesity p. 130

T2DM-Definition, Prevalence, and Etiology p. 131

Relationship Between Obesity and T2DM p. 133

Additional Health Consequences Associated with T2DM p. 134

Physical Activity-Benefits, and Barriers p. 134

Health Benefits of a Physically Active Lifestyle p. 135

Perceived Barriers/Motivators to Physical Activity in Rural Communities p. 136

Chapter 9 Nutrition, Food Desert, and Weight Status p. 147 / Roschelle Heuberger, PhD, RD

Nutrition p. 148

Macronutrients p. 148

Micronutrients p. 150

Fluids and Electrolytes p. 152

Life Stages p. 153

Food-Drug Interactions p. 154

Food Desert p. 156

Geographic Classification p. 157

Socioeconomic Implications p. 159

Built Environment and Factors Affecting Nutritional Status p. 162

Nutritional Surveillance p. 163

Nutritional Outcomes and Comorbid Conditions p. 164

Weight Status p. 165

Epidemiology and Surveillance p. 165

Energy Balance p. 167

Body Composition p. 167

Life Stages p. 168

Health Status p. 169

Drug Use and Comorbidity p. 170

Environmental, Socioeconomic, and Other Factors p. 171

Geographical Considerations p. 171

Chapter 10 Maternal and Child Health in Rural Areas p. 181 / Shayesteh Jahanfar, PhD and Fathima Wakeel, PhD, MPH

Life Course Approach to Maternal and Child Health p. 182

Epidemiology of Maternal Health in Rural Areas p. 183

Patient Factors p. 183

Deliver of Care p. 184

Public Health Programs to Improve Services p. 185

Maternal and Infant Health p. 186

Maternal Mortality p. 186

Infant Mortality p. 187

Prenatal Care p. 188

Public Health Programs to Improve Services p. 188

Children's Health p. 189

Differential Health Outcomes among Rural Children p. 189

Determinants of Children's Health in Rural Areas p. 190

Interventions to Address Children's Health in Rural Areas p. 191

Adolescent Reproductive Health p. 192

Leading Reproductive Health Issues among Rural Adolescents p. 192

Interventions to Improve Adolescent Reproductive Health in Rural Areas p. 192

Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation p. 193

Family Planning p. 194

Accessibility p. 194

Acceptability p. 195

What Is Contraception? p. 196

Permanent Methods p. 196

Temporary Methods p. 196

Non Hormonal Methods p. 196

Public Health Programs Disseminating Contraception p. 197

Sexually Transmitted Infections p. 198

Public Health Programs p. 198

Chapter 11 Oral Health in Rural Areas p. 205 / Livingstone Aduse-Poku, MPH and Joseph N. Inungu, MD, DrPH, MPH

Brief Anatomy of the Oral/Buccal Cavity p. 205

The Crown p. 206

Root p. 206

Magnitude of the Problem in the United States p. 207

State of Oral Health Care in Rural America p. 208

Causes of Dental and Oral Diseases and Approaches to Mitigate Poor Oral Health p. 209

Chapter 12 Cancers in Rural Areas in the United States p. 217 / Anuli Njoku, DrPH, MPH and Fathima Wakeel, PhD, MPH

Diversity and Health Disparities in Rural United States p. 218

Leading Cancers in Rural Areas in the United States p. 219

Colorectal Cancer p. 219

Prostate Cancer p. 221

Lung Cancer p. 222

Cervical Cancer p. 223

Pediatric Cancers p.

225

Strategies for Cancer Prevention and Control p. 226

Chapter 13 Environmental Health in Rural Regions of the United States p. 235 / Salma Haidar, PhD, MPH and Rebecca Uzarski, PhD and Ruben Juarez, MPH

Water Quality p. 236

Determinants of Water Quality in Rural Communities p. 236

Water Source p. 236

Soil Composition p. 236

Well Construction and Depth p. 237

Sewer Systems p. 237

Well Placement p. 238

Common Contaminants in Private Wells p. 239

Tips from the Field: Health Professional Expert Advice p. 240

Prevent Well Water Pollution p. 240

Where to Test Water from Private Wells p. 241

Septic System Maintenance p. 241

Air Quality p. 242

Primary Source: Backyard Burning and Crop Residue Burning p. 242

Secondary Source: Criteria Air Pollutants p. 246

Tips from the Field: Health Professional Expert Advice p. 249

Backyard Burning: Best Practices p. 249

Hazardous Waste p. 254

Tips from the Field: Health Professional Expert Advice p. 255

Hazardous Waste Management p. 255

e-Waste p. 256

Commercial Agribusiness p. 257

Exposures in Farming Communities p. 258

Water Quality p. 259

Air Quality p. 260

Agricultural Waste p. 261

Zoonotic Diseases in Rural Settings p. 261

Chapter 14 Occupational Health and Safety Considerations in Rural Agricultural Operations p. 273 / Tunde M. Akinmoladun, PhD, DAAS, FRSPH

U.S. Workplace Safety Statistics p. 274

Agriculture, Agro Business, and Employees p. 274

Most Prevalent Agricultural Accidents, Injuries, and Causes p. 277

Tractor Rollovers, and Why? p. 278

Pesticide Exposure and Consequences p. 278

Heat Exposure and Consequences p. 280

Controlling and Preventing Accident, Injury, and Death on the Farm p. 281

Chapter 15 Mental Health in Rural America p. 291 / Mark J. Minelli, PhD, MA, MPA and Fathima Wakeel, PhD, MPH

Tobacco p. 292

Alcohol Abuse Screening and Treatment p. 293

Marijuana p. 293

Determinants of Opioid Abuse p. 294

Abuse of Heroin Progression p. 295

Treatment and Prevention of Opioid Abuse and Opioid-related Deaths p. 295

Part 4 Health Disparities Among Special Populations p. 301

Chapter 16 Rural Public Health for Migrant Workers p. 303 / Siew Li Ng, PhD, MA and Chun-Fang Frank Kuo, PhD, MS and Xiao Shiang Lee, MA and Wei Wen Megan Chow, BA

Statistics for Migrant Workers in Rural Areas p. 304

Physical Health p. 305

Diet p. 305

Substance Use p. 305

Sleep p. 306

Physical Activity and Body Weight p. 306

Morbidity & Mortality p. 307

Chronic Illness p. 307

Environment p. 308

Infectious Disease p. 309

Lack Preventive Care p. 309

Self-Treatment p. 309

Oral Health p. 309

Mental Health p. 310

Stress, Anxiety, and Depression p. 310

Stigma and Discrimination p. 311

Stigma p. 311

Discrimination p. 312

Isolation p. 313

Violence p. 313

Barriers to Health Care for Migrant Workers p. 314

Language Barrier p. 314

Cultural Differences in Understanding Health p. 315

Access to Services p. 315

Suggestions p. 318

Education and Training p. 318

Improving Accessibility p. 319

Group Discussions p. 322

Chapter 17 Adolescent Health in Rural Areas p. 327 / Joseph N. Inungu, MD, DrPH, MPH and Livingstone Aduse-Poku, MPH

Adolescent Development p. 328

Adolescent Behaviors Influencing Health p. 329

Trends of Adolescent Health in Rural Areas p. 330

Improving Adolescent Health in Rural Areas p. 332

Chapter 18 Aging Populations in Rural United States p. 337 / Eileen E. MaloneBeach, PhD and Han-Jung Ko, PhD and Mikiyasu Hakoyama, PhD

Demographics of Rural Aging p. 338

Adult Development in Late Life p. 339

Hearing p. 339

Vision p. 339

Oral Health p. 340

Urban/Rural Health Disparities in Late Life p. 340

Overweight/Obesity and Physical Inactivity p. 341

Diabetes p. 341

Falls p. 341

Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia p. 342

Quality of Life p. 343

Social Networks/Relationships: Family and Friends p. 343

Depression p. 344

What Contributes to the Observed Rural/Urban Disparities in Late Life? p. 344

Limited Access to Health Care and Services p. 345

Smoking p. 345

Substance Abuse p. 345

Promoting Aging in Place for Rural Communities p. 346

Increased Availability of Health Care and Services p. 347

Support Informal Caregiving for Rural Older Adults p. 347

Promote Safe and Reliable

Transportation in Rural Community p. 348

Apply Technology to Meet the Healthcare and Social Needs p. 349

Aging Friendly Communities for All Ages: Addressing "Isms" in Late Life p. 350

Recommendations and Future Directions p. 351

Chapter 19 Rural Public Health for the LCBTQ Community p. 359 / Chun-Fang Frank Kuo, PhD, MS and Kathleen Khong Hor Yan, BS

General Statistics p. 360

Heteronormative Culture and Stigma p. 361

The Minority Stress Model p. 361

Physical Health p. 362

Disclosure of Sexual Orientation to Healthcare Providers p. 362

Preventative Health Care and Health Screenings p. 362

Sexually Transmitted Infections p. 363

Mental Health p. 364

Mental Health Disparities in Rural Areas p. 365

Connectedness and Loneliness p. 365

Suicide Behaviors Among Rural LGBTQ p. 366

Substance Use p. 367

Discrimination p. 367

Barriers to Health Care for Rural LGBTQ Populations p. 369

Geographical Barriers and Healthcare Expertise p. 369

Unique Experiences Among Lesbians p. 369

Bias Among Healthcare Providers p. 370

Financial Constraints and Insurance Coverage p. 371

Recommendations and Efforts p. 372

Training for Healthcare Professionals p. 372

LGBTQ-Appropriate Services p. 372

Support Groups p. 372

Community Efforts p. 373

Changes in Legislations p. 373

Initiatives in Foreign Countries p. 374

Group Discussions p. 377

Part 5 Advancing Rural Health: Assessment, Planning, and Interventions p. 381

Chapter 20 Community Needs and Asset Assessment p. 383 / Mary L. Kushion, MSA

Introduction to Community Health Needs and Assets Assessment p. 383

Understanding and Describing the Rural Community p. 385

Identifying Stakeholders p. 386

Stakeholder Engagement and Monitoring p. 388

Asset Mapping p. 389

Quantitative Data Collection p. 390

Qualitative Data Collection p. 391

Conducting Public Focus Groups and Listening Sessions p. 392

Leading a Community Dialogue on Building a Healthy Community p. 393

Prioritizing Health issues p. 393

Collaboration Through Direction, Alignment, and Commitment p. 395

Chapter 21 Program Planning Models and Theories p. 397 / Osayande Agbonlahor, MD, MPH and Governor Amen, BDS and Joseph N. Inungu, MD, DrPH, MPH

Need for Rural Tailored Health Programs p. 398

Diffusion of Innovation Theory p. 399

Characteristics of Innovation p. 401

Limitations of Diffusion of Innovation Theory p. 401

PRECEDE-PROCEED Model p. 401

How Do You Use PRECEDE-PROCEED? An example of Addressing Childhood Obesity p. 404

Advantages of Using PRECEDE-PROCEED Model p. 406

MAPP Model p. 406

Advantages of Using MAPP Model p. 407

How to Conduct a MAPP Model Intervention p. 410

Health Belief Model p. 413

Transtheoretical Model of Change p. 415

Core Constructs p. 415

MAP-IT Model p. 417

How to Use the MAP-IT Approach p. 418

Chapter 22 Rural Public Health Policy p. 423 / Richard G. Greenhill, DHA, PMP, FACHE and James A. Johnson, PhD, MPA, MSc

Public Health Policy Overview p. 424

Rural Health Policy Challenges p. 425

Hospital Access and Reform p. 425

Opioid Epidemic p. 430

Migrant Farm Workers p. 430

State Public Health Agencies p. 435

Public Health Official Interview p. 435

Chapter 23 Leadership p. 445 / Donald J. Breckon, PhD, MPH

The Nature of Leadership p. 446

Community Mobilization p. 447

Coalition and Partnership p. 449

Forms and Styles of Leadership p. 450

Cultural Competence p. 451

Chapter 24 Services to Support Rural Health p. 455 / Heather Craig Alonge, PhD, MPH, CHES

Tips from the Field: Health Professional Expert Advice p. 456

Tips from the Field: Health Professional Expert Advice p. 458

New Technologies: Health Communication and Telehealth-Case Study p. 459

Telehealth-Case Study p. 459

Tips from the Field: Health Professional Expert Advice p. 461.

Notes:

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI Available via World Wide Web.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Dr. William McDowell Mastin Fund.

Other Format:

Print version:

ISBN:

9781284182460

1284182460

Publisher Number:

99986859607

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.