How to Use Evidence-Based Dental Practices to Improve Clinical Decision-Making.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Association, American Dental.

Contributor:

Carrasco-Labro, Alonso.

Brignardello-Petersen, Romina.

Glick, Michael.

Azarpazhooh, Amir.

Guyatt, Gordon.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Evidence-Based Dentistry.

Medical Subjects:

Evidence-Based Dentistry.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (363 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Chicago : American Dental Association, 2019.

Summary:

This book is a one-stop resource for learning how to harness the power of the latest scientific information and optimize patient care. How to Use Evidence-Based Dental Practices to Improve Your Clinical Decision-Making is the definitive resource for dental students and practitioners who want to learn from leaders in the field of evidence-based dentistry (EBD); quickly conduct searches for the latest research; master the skill of critically appraising clinical studies; confidently apply the latest research to patient care; teach others how to inform their practice with the latest clinical evidence; and access everything they need to become an EBD all-star. The ADA Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry oversaw the development of this publication. Dental teams and educators alike will find it a useful resource for incorporating the most up-to-date scientific evidence in clinical decisions and instilling others with the curious mindset needed to provide evidence-based health care. Includes link to e-book.

Contents:

Intro

Title

Copyright

Contents

Preface

How to Use This Book

Chapter 1. Understanding and Applying the Principles of Evidence-Based Dentistry (EBD)

Introduction

Definition and Principles of EBD

The Process of EBD

Chapter 2. Searching for the Best Oral Health Evidence: Strategies, Tips, and Resources

General Tips for Searching Electronic Resources

Searching Workflow

Resources

Comprehensive Resources

Epistemonikos

Trip

Summaries and Guidelines: Point-of-Care Resources

UpToDate

ClinicalKey

Lexicomp

ECRI Guidelines Trust

ADA Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry

Preappraised Resources

Cochrane Library

Journals

Evidence-Based Dentistry (EBD)

Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice (JEBDP)

The Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA)

Nonpreappraised Resources

PubMed

MEDLINE

Embase

Web of Science/Scopus

Google and Google Scholar

Citation Managers

Gray Literature

Patient Information Resources

Conclusion

Chapter 3. How to Appraise and Use an Article about Therapy

Clinical Questions of Therapy

What Study Design Best Addresses Questions of Therapy?

Critically Appraising an RCT to Inform Clinical Decisions

How Serious Is the Risk of Bias?

Did the intervention and control groups start with the same prognosis?

Was prognostic balance maintained as the study progressed?

Were the groups prognostically balanced at the completion of the study?

What Are the Results?

How large was the treatment effect?

How precise was the estimate of the treatment effect?

How Can I Apply the Results to Patient Care?

Were the study patients similar to my patients?

Were all patient-important outcomes considered?

Are the likely treatment benefits worth the potential harms and costs?.

Conclusion

Chapter 4. How to Use an Article about Harm

Clinical Questions of Harm

What Study Design Best Addresses Questions of Harm?

Critically Appraising Observational Studies to Inform Clinical Decisions

Are exposed and unexposed study participants sufficiently similar?

Is information collected in the same way in exposed and unexposed study participants?

How strong is the association between exposure and outcome?

How precise was the estimate of the risk?

Were the study patients similar to the patients in my practice?

Was the follow-up sufficiently long?

Is the exposure similar to what might occur in my patient?

Are there any benefits that offset the risks associated with the exposure?

Chapter 5. How to Appraise and Use an Article about Diagnosis

Clinical Questions of Diagnosis

What Study Design Best Addresses Questions About Diagnosis?

Critically Appraising a Study Assessing the Properties of a Diagnostic Test to Inform Clinical Decisions

Did participating patients present a diagnostic dilemma?

Did investigators compare the test with an appropriate, independent reference standard?

Were the investigators who interpreted the test and reference standard blinded to the other results?

Did investigators apply the same reference standard to all patients regardless of the results of the test under investigation?

Will the reproducibility of the test results and its interpretation be satisfactory in my clinical setting?

Are the study results applicable to the patients in my practice?.

Will the test results change my management strategy?

Will patients be better off as a result of the test?

Chapter 6. How to Use a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Knowledge Synthesis and Translation

What Is the Difference Between Narrative and Systematic Reviews?

Why Are Systematic Reviews Considered to Be a Study Design?

Critically Appraising Systematic Reviews to Inform Clinical Decisions

Did the review present explicit and appropriate eligibility criteria?

Was the search for relevant studies exhaustive?

Did the primary studies have a low risk of bias?

Were the selection and assessment of primary studies reproducible?

Were the results similar from study to study?

What are the overall results of the review?

Anatomy of a Meta-Analysis

How precise were the results?

What is the overall quality of the evidence (also known as confidence in the estimate of effect)?

Are the likely treatment benefits worth the potential harms and costs?

Chapter 7. How to Use Patient Management Recommendations from Clinical Practice Guidelines

Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines

Structured Process of Developing Management Recommendations

Where to Find Clinical Practice Guidelines

Critically Appraising Patient Management Recommendations

Are the Recommendations Clear and Comprehensive?

Is the recommended intervention clear and actionable?

Is the alternative clear?

Were all the relevant outcomes important to patients explicitly considered?

Was the Recommendation Made on the Basis of the Best Current Evidence?.

Are Values and Preferences Associated with the Outcomes Appropriately Specified?

Do the Authors Indicate the Strength of Their Recommendations?

Is the Evidence Supporting the Recommendation Easily Understood?

For strong recommendations, is the strength appropriate?

For weak recommendations, does the information provided facilitate shared decision-making?

Was the Influence of Conflicts of Interest Minimized?

Chapter 8. How to Appraise an Article Based on a Qualitative Study

When Is Qualitative Research Relevant?

Where to Find Qualitative Studies

Critically Appraising Qualitative Research to Inform Clinical Decisions

Are the Results Credible?

Was the Choice of Participants or Observations Explicit and Comprehensive?

Was Research Ethics Approval Obtained?

Was Data Collection Sufficiently Comprehensive and Detailed?

Were the Data Analyzed Appropriately, and Were the Findings Corroborated Adequately?

What Are the Results ?

Does the Study Offer Helpful Theory?

Does the Study Help Me Understand the Context of My Practice?

Does the Study Help Me Understand Social Interactions in Clinical Care?

Chapter 9. How to Appraise and Use an Article about Economic Analysis

Why Economic Analysis in Dentistry?

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Cost-Utility Analysis

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Trial-Based versus Decision Model-Based Economic Analyses

Critically Appraising an Economic Analysis to Inform Clinical Decisions

Are results reported separately for relevant patient subgroups?

Were consequences and costs measured accurately?

Did investigators consider the timing of costs and consequences?

What Are the Results?.

What were the incremental costs and effects of each strategy?

Do incremental costs and effects differ between subgroups?

How much does allowing for uncertainty change the results?

How Can I Apply the Results to My Patient Care?

Are the viewpoints and setting used in the study relevant to my context?

Are the treatment benefits worth the risks and costs?

Can I expect similar costs in my setting?

Chapter 10. How to Avoid Being Misled by Clinical Studies' Results in Dentistry

Guidance on How to Avoid Being Misled by the Results of Clinical Studies

1. Read only the methods and results sections

disregard the inferences

2. Read synoptic abstracts published in secondary publications (preappraised resources) for evidence-based dentistry

3. Beware of large treatment effects presented in trials with few events

4. Beware of statements of statistical significance that claim clinical significance

5. Beware of differences that are not statistically significant being interpreted as equivalence

6. Beware of uneven emphasis on benefits and harms

7. Beware of misleading subgroup analyses

Chapter 11. What Is the Difference between Clinical and Statistical Significance?

Statistical Significance

Type I Error

Type II Error

Study Power

Issues Pertaining to Statistical Significance

Clinical Significance

Minimal Important Difference (MID)

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)

Surrogate Outcomes

Interpreting Research Findings

Confidence Intervals (CIs)

CIs and MID

Discussion

Chapter 12. A Primer to Biostatistics for Busy Clinicians

Research Design and Clinical Interpretation

Experimental Trial

Observational Studies

Measures of Association

Mean Difference.

Standard Mean Difference.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9781684470624

1684470625