Chloroplasts : current research and future trends / by Helmut Kirchhoff.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Kirchhoff, Helmut, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Chloroplasts--Research.

Chloroplasts.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (302 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Norfolk, UK : Caister Academic Press, [2016]

Summary:

This authoritative book reflects the diversity of the research field on chloroplast biology ranging from the biophysical principles of energy conversion over metabolic regulation and ion transport to identification of unique plastid proteins by the systems-biology based green cut project. The chapters are written by renowned experts in their fields and provide state-of-the-art overviews of their current research. Each chapter ends with a section on future trends that projects where the research could be in the next five to ten years. The book is recommended to readers seeking an overview on chloroplast biology as well as scientists looking for detailed up-to-date information.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Current Books of Interest

Contributors

Preface

1: Chloroplast Lipids

Introduction

Glycerolipids in chloroplasts

Isoprenoid lipids in chloroplasts

Conclusion

Future trends

2: Assembly and Degradation of Pigment-binding Proteins

The thylakoids of cyanobacteria and chloroplast

Chlorophyll a-binding core complexes, PSI and PSII

The outer antenna complexes - the LHC family

Assembly of photosystem II core complex

Assembly of photosystem I core complex

Retrograde signalling

Degradation of chlorophyll-binding proteins

Concluding remarks and future trends

3: Structural and Functional Dynamics of the Thylakoid Membrane System

Architecture of the thylakoid membrane

Why do thylakoid membranes form grana?

Macromolecular crowding in grana membranes - a challenge for diffusional processes

Why is the grana diameter constant?

Formation of protein arrays under diverse stress conditions - a mechanism to overcome diffusion limitation?

Thylakoid membrane lipids determine protein assembly and function

Light stress acclimation of thylakoids

Low light acclimation of the thylakoid membrane

High light acclimation of the thylakoid membrane

Nutrient deficiencies affect thylakoid membrane structure and function

Conclusions

4: Distinct Energetics and Regulatory Functions of the Two Major Cyclic Electron Flow Pathways in Chloroplasts

The need for chloroplast energy balance

Energy balance through activation of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF)

Comparing the major pathways for CEF in vascular plants

The CEF pathways in algae

The haem ci pathway: possibilities and open questions

Contribution of the CEF pathways to the plastid energy budget.

Conclusion: why are there multiple CEF pathways?

5: Modelling Electron and Proton Transport in Chloroplasts

Photosynthetic electron transport and its regulation in chloroplasts

General principles of computer simulation of electron transport in chloroplasts

Quantum chemical modelling of proton-coupled electron transfer reactions

Modelling the proton transport processes in chloroplasts

Transthylakoid proton transport coupled to ATP synthesis

Future trends in modelling electron and proton transport in chloroplasts

6: New Players for Photoprotection and Light Acclimation

Light-harvesting antennae-based mechanisms of photoprotection

Alternative electron transport

Photorespiration

New proteins that scavenge or reduce the formation of 1O2

Sensing and responding to light quality

Retrograde signals from plastid to nucleus

Future prospects

7: Photoinhibition and the Damage Repair Cycle of Photosystem II

Introduction: response of photosystem II to excessive light

Mechanism of photodamage to PSII

Disassembly of the PSII complexes in reversible photoinhibition

Degradation of the D1 protein in reversible photoinhibition

De novo synthesis and insertion of the D1 protein to the D1-depleted PSII complex and reassembly of the PSII complex

Aggregation of the D1 protein and neighbouring proteins in PSII irreversible photoinhibition

Dynamic changes to the thylakoids under light stress

8: Plastoglobules: Lipid Droplets at the Thylakoid Membrane

Discovery of PG

PG proteins and metabolic activities

Future applications

9: Redox Regulation in Chloroplasts

Oxidative Cys modifications inchloroplast proteins.

Regulation of proteins inchloroplasts by thiol redoxtransitions linked to thioredoxinand glutaredoxin

The ferredoxin/thioredoxinsystem: a light-dependent redoxmechanism regulating Calvin-Benson cycle and associatedenzymes in chloroplasts

Trx-redox regulation beyond theCalvin-Benson and oxidativepentose phosphate pathways

Light/dark versus oxidativeregulation

Specificity for thioredoxin

Regulation by glutathionylation

10: The Transporters of Plastids - New Insights into an Old Field

Establishment of endosymbiosis and the role of transporters

Newly discovered transporters and their functions

Ion transport processes, recent discoveries and future directions

11: The GreenCut - Functions and Relationships of Proteins Conserved in Green Lineage Organisms

Introduction: brief history of photosynthesis and the study of chloroplasts

The GreenCut: proteins conserved among green lineage organisms

Evolutionary perspective

GreenCut2 functional categories

The unknowns

Perspectives - beyond the GreenCut2

Index.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-910190-48-9