Ecological silviculture : foundations and applications / Brian J. Palik, Anthony W. D'Amato, Jerry F. Franklin, K. Norman Johnson.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Palik, Brian, author.

D'Amato, Anthony W. (Anthony William), 1977- author.

Franklin, Jerry F., author.

Johnson, K. Norman, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Sustainable forestry.

Forest ecology.

Forest management--Environmental aspects.

Forest management.

Physical Description:

xv, 343 pages : illustrations ; 28 cm

Place of Publication:

Long Grove, Illinois : Waveland Press, Inc., [2021]

Contents:

Machine generated contents note: pt. I A Background on Ecological Forestry and Silviculture

ch. 1 Forestry in the Twenty-First Century

A Context for Forestry in the Twenty-First Century

The Global Forest

Forestry After World War II

The Changing Drivers of Forest Management

Ecosystem Science and Ecological Silviculture

The Greening of Forestry

Our Beliefs for Ecological Silviculture

The Tenets of Ecological Silviculture

What You Will Learn from This Book

ch. 2 What Is Ecological Forestry?

Ecological Forestry and Timber-Focused Forestry: A Comparison

Contrasting Fundamental Principles

Contrasting Ecological Implications

Contrasting Economic Implications

Contrasting Social Implications

Contrasting Silvicultural Considerations

Relationship of Ecological Forestry to Other Ecological Approaches

Close-To-Nature Forestry

Complex Adaptive Systems Approach

Ecological Restoration

What to Remember about Ecological Forestry

ch. 3 An Overview of Silviculture

What is Silviculture, Classically?

Historical Operating Paradigms

The Major Silvicultural Systems and Associated Methods and Treatments

Site Preparation Treatments

Tending Treatments

Silviculture: An Ecological Approach

Historical Origins

Ecological Silviculture in a Twenty-First Century Context

Relationships to Classical Silviculture

Ecological Operating Principles

Moving Forward

pt. II Forest Dynamics Relevant to Ecological Silviculture

ch. 4 Natural Disturbances and Biological Legacies

The Nature of Natural Disturbance

Biological Legacies Defined

Living Organisms

Organically Derived Structures

Organically Derived Patterns

Functions of Biological Legacies

A General Model of Disturbance and Legacy Creation

Disturbance Scale

Disturbance Agent

Interaction between Disturbance Scale and Agent

What to Remember about Natural Disturbance and Biological Legacies

ch. 5 Forest Development Patterns and Processes

Forest Development Stages

Disturbance and Legacy Creation Event

Preforest Stage

Forest Canopy Closure

Young Forest Stage

Mature Forest Stage

Old Forest Stage

Recovery Periods between Disturbance Events

What to Remember about Forest Development Patterns and Processes

ch. 6 Natural Disturbance Archetypes

Archetype 1 Forests initiated by Infrequent Severe Disturbance

Example: Douglas-Fir-Western Hemlock Forests of Western North America

Developmental Pathway

Variations on the Archetype

Other Examples of the Archetype

Archetype 2 Forest Characterized by Frequent Low-Severity Fire Disturbance

Example: Ponderosa Pine and Dry Mixed-Conifer Forests of Western North America

Developmental Dynamics

Archetype 3 Forests Characterized by Gap-Scale Wind Disturbance

Example: Northern Hardwood Forests of Northeastern North America

Archetype 4 Forest Development with Mixed-Severity Disturbances

Example: Red Pine Forests of the Western Great Lakes Region, North America

Other examples of the Archetype

Utility of the Forest Archetypes

pt. III Applying Principles of Natural Models to Silviculture

ch. 7 Incorporating Continuity into Silviculture: Legacy Retention in Regeneration Harvests

Biological Legacies Revisited

Legacy Retention in Practice

Legacy Retention in Classical Regeneration Systems

Legacies in Even-Aged Regeneration Systems

Legacies in Two-Cohort Regeneration Systems

Legacies in Uneven-Aged Regeneration Systems

Retaining Biological Legacies: What, How Much, Where, and Over Time

What to Retain?

Structural Retention

Compositional Retention

How Much to Retain?

Retention with Selection Systems

How and Where to Retain Legacies?

Retention in the Matrix

Spatial Pattern in Group Openings

How to Account for Retention over Time

Landscape Considerations

What to Remember About Managing for Continuity with Legacy Retention

ch. 8 Managing for Complexity, Diversity, and Heterogeneity in Established Stands

Revisiting Complexity/Diversity in Maturing Stands

The Complexity of Thinning: Timber Production versus Ecological Motivations

Small-Scale Canopy Disturbance

Variable Density Thinning (with contributions by Derek Churchill)

Modifying Selection Systems to Enhance Spatial Heterogeneity

Decadence Creation

How Much Deadwood Is Enough?

The Complexity of Time: Silvicultural Interventions at Ecologically Appropriate Time Intervals

What to Remember about Managing for Complexity/Diversity in Established Stands

ch. 9 The Context of Silviculture at Landscape Scales

Landscape Organization and Silviculture

Networks and Gradients

Patchworks

Edge and Edge Effects

Connectivity

Areas of Special Concern

Areas of Conservation Concern

Areas of Cultural Importance

Shades of Green Landscapes

What to Remember about Landscape Context

pt. IV Ecological Silvicultural Systems for Major Archetypes

ch. 10 An Introduction to Ecological Silvicultural Systems

ch. 11 Silviculture for Archetype 1 Ecosystems: Forests Subject to Infrequent Severe Disturbances

The Douglas-Fir-Western Hemlock Ecosystem

Relevance of the Natural Model to Silvicultural Approaches

The Evolution of Timber-Focused Silviculture in the Douglas-Fir-Western Hemlock Forest

Ecological Silviculture for the Douglas-Fir-Western Hemlock Forest

An Ecological Silvicultural System for Douglas-Fir-Western Hemlock (Archetype 1) Ecosystems

Silviculture by Developmental Stage

Examples of Ecological Silviculture in Practice

Example 1 Accelerating Development of Structural Complexity in Simplified Stands

Example 2 Legacy Retention in Maturing Stands

What to Remember about Silviculture for Archetype 1 Ecosystems

ch. 12 Silviculture for Archetype 2 Ecosystems: Forest Characterized by Frequent Low-Severity Fire Disturbance

Ponderosa Pine and Dry Mixed-Conifer Forests of Western North America

Evolution of Timber-Focused Silviculture in Ponderosa Pine and Dry Mixed- Conifer Forests

Early Exploitation, Grazing, and Fire Suppression (1860s ~ 1930s)

Development of Silvicultural Systems for Ponderosa Pine (1940s to 1960s)

Maturation of Timber-Focused Silviculture (1970s ~ Present Day)

Key Contrasts between the Natural and Timber-Focused Models

The Shift to Fire Risk Reduction, Restoration, and Resilience

Fuel Reduction

Restoration, Resilience, and Adaptive Capacity

An Ecological Silvicultural System for Ponderosa Pine and Dry Mixed Conifer Forest

Beyond Restoration: The Need for a Long-Term Silvicultural System

Key Elements of an Ecological Silvicultural System

Silviculture by Forest Structural Condition

Klamath Tribe and Fremont-Winema National Forest

What to Remember about Silviculture for Archetype 2 Ecosystems

ch. 13 Silviculture for Archetype 3 Ecosystems: Forests with Frequent Gap-Scale Disturbance Regimes

Northern Hardwood Forests as a Natural Resource

Evolution of Timber Production Silviculture for Northern Hardwood Forests

Current Challenges to Northern Hardwood Silviculture

An Ecological Silvicultural System for Northern Hardwood (Archetype 3) Ecosystems

Silviculture by Developmental Stage/Event

Silviculture with Birds in Mind, Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation and Audubon Vermont

Big Tree Silviculture, Wisconsin DNR

What to Remember about Silviculture for Archetype 3 Ecosystems

ch.

14 Silviculture for Archetype 4 Ecosystems: Forests with Mixed-Severity Disturbances

The Great Lakes Red Pine Ecosystem

Red Pine Forests as a Timber Resource

Timber-Focused Silviculture for Red Pine Forests

Relationship of a Timber-Focused Model to an Ecological Model

An Ecological Silvicultural System for Red Pine (Archetype 4) Ecosystems

Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Michigan, USA

Chippewa National Forest, Minnesota, USA

What to Remember about Silviculture for Archetype 4 Ecosystems

pt. V Additional Considerations

ch. 15 Ecological Silviculture for Riparian Forests

What is a Riparian Forest, Functionally?

Deadwood Recruitment

Particulate Organic Matter Flux

Regulation of Solar Radiation

Bank Stability

Regulating the Movement of Nutrients, Sediment, and Organic Matter

Habitat

Riparian Forests in Space and Time

Management Implications

Riparian Forests as Ecotones

Ecological Silviculture for the Riparian Ecotone

Incorporating Continuity into Riparian Forest Silviculture

Managing for Complexity and Diversity in Riparian Forests

The Timing of Silvicultural Activities

The Context of Riparian Silviculture

Ecological Guidelines for Riparian Silviculture

ch. 16 Silviculture in the Face of Climate Uncertainty

A Background on Climate Change and Forests

What We Know

What We Don't Know with Certainty

Silviculture in the Face of Climate Uncertainty

Incorporating Climate Change Uncertainty into Silvicultural Considerations

General Considerations When Developing Silvicultural Prescriptions

Climate Change Considerations

Contents note continued: Silvicultural Strategies and Approaches to Adapt Forests to Climate Change

Strategies

Silvicultural Approaches

Density Management

Manipulating Composition

Reducing Threats from Extreme Events

A Reminder about Natural Models and Reducing Threats

What to Remember about Silviculture in the Face of Climate Change Uncertainty

ch. 17 Summary and Conclusions: Why Ecological Silviculture Matters

Five Major Themes of Ecological Silviculture

Themes

Summary

Ecological Silviculture's Place in the Forest Landscape

Family Forest Owners

Federal Forests

State Trust Forests

Tribal Forests

Conservation Stewards and Forest Certification

Preventing the Forest Management Divergence

Conclusions.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 313-337) and index.

ISBN:

9781478638476

1478638478

OCLC:

1182844472

Publisher Number:

99985841800