Greenhouse nitrogen emissions from wastewater treatment operations phase I : molecular level through whole reactor level characterization / by Kartik Chandran.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Chandran, Kartik.

Series:

WERF Research Report Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Greenhouse gases--Environmental aspects.

Greenhouse gases.

Nitrogen oxides--Environmental aspects.

Nitrogen oxides.

Sewage disposal plants--Environmental aspects.

Sewage disposal plants.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (170 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Other Title:

Greenhouse nitrogen emissions from wastewater treatment operation

Place of Publication:

Alexandria, VA : Water Environment Research Foundation, 2012.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Available as eBook only. Engineered biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes are used mainly to achieve improved water quality.However, BNR strategies could be a potential contributor to atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions depending on reactor configurations and operating conditions.

Contents:

Cover

Copyright

Acknowledgments

Abstract and Benefits

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

List of Acronyms

Executive Smrnnary

Chapter 1.0: Introduction

1.1 Background

1.2 Organization of Report

Chapter 2.0: State of Knowledge of Nitrogen Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Operations

2.1 Overview of N2O Emissions Studies

2.2 Mechanisms of Autotrophic N2O and NO Emissions

2.3 N2O Emissions from Denitrification

Chapter 3.0: Methods, Procedures, and Protocols for Determination of N2O Emission Fluxes

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Sampling Design for Full-Scale Emissions Monitoring

3.3 Sampling Procedures - Headspace Gas Measurement

3.4 Sampling Procedures - Aqueous N2O Concentration Determination

3.5 Sampling Procedures - Measurement of Advective Flow Rates from Bioreactors

3.6 Determination of Advective Flow Rates via Flux Chambers from Non-Aerated Zones

3.7 Pre-Visit Information Collection and Analysis

3.8 Sampling Procedures - Wastewater and Process Characterization

3.9 Principles of Real-Time N2O, NO, and NO2 Measurements

3.9.1 Principles of N2O Measurement

3.9.2 Principles of NO and NO2 Measurement

3.10 Data Analysis and Processing

3.10.1 Determination of Fluxes

3.10.2 Determination of Aggregated Emission Fractions

3.10.3 Calculation of N2O Emissions

3.10.4 Correlation between WWTP Operating Conditions and N2O Emissions

3.11 Comparison of Protocol with Established Emissions Flux Measurement Methods

Chapter 4.0: Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Full-Scale Activated Sludge Processes

4.1 Summary of Processes Sampled

4.2 N2O Emissions from Full-Scale Processes

4.3 Model-Based Discrimination of Process Operating Conditions Contributing to N2O Emissions

4.3.1 Aerobic Zones

4.3.2 Anoxic Zones.

4.4 Spatial and Temporal Variability in N2O Generation and Emission from Selected Full-Scale BNR and Non-BNR Processes

4.4.1 Spatial and Temporal Trends in N2O Emission Fluxes from Full-Scale WWTPs

4.4.2 Four-Pass Step-Feed BNR Process

4.4.3 Four-Stage Bardenpho Process

4.4.4 Low-Rate Separate Stage Nitrification-Denitrification Process

4.4.5 Plug-Flow Processes

4.4.6 Four-Pass Step-Feed (non-BNR) Process (Covered Aeration Tanks)

4.5 Discussion and Conclusions

Chapter 5.0: Emissions Data Reporting and Sensitivities

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Sensitivities

5.2.1 Inherent Spatial and Temporal (Diurnal) Variability

5.2.2 Sampling Density

5.2.3 Plant Performance

5.2.4 Seasonal Variations in Emissions

5.2.5 Process Configuration

5.2.6 Influence of Study Design and Measurement

5.3 Emission Factors

5.3.1 Limitation of Emission Factors

5.3.2 Determination of Emission from Dynamic Biological Processes

Chapter 6.0: Conclusions, Recommendations, and Continuing Studies

6.1 N2O Emissions from Domestic Wastewater Treatment

6.2 Estimation of N2O Emissions

6.3 N2O Emissions from Different Activated Sludge Configurations

6.4 Implications of Variability in N2O Emissions on GHG Inventory Calculations

6.5 Mechanisms of N2O Emissions by Nitrification and Denitrification

6.6 Sustainable BNR Design and Operations

6.7 Continuing Studies, Additional Studies, and Future Perspectives

Appendix A: Lab-Scale Results

Appendix B: Field Protocol with Qnalily Assurance Plan

Appendix C: Process Schematics Depiction of WWTPs Sampled

Appendix D: Data Files from Full-Scale Measurement Campaigns (Available to Download from the WERF Website)

References.

Notes:

"U4R07."

"Climate change, final report"--Cover.

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

1-78040-481-6

OCLC:

872670096