Analytical microextraction techniques / edited by M. Valcarcel, S. Cardenas, R. Lucena.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Valcárcel, M, Author.

Contributor:

Valcárcel Cases, M., editor.

Cardenas, S., editor.

Lucena, R., editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Analytical chemistry--Technique.

Analytical chemistry.

Extraction (Chemistry).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (430 pages) : illustrations, tables

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Sharjah, United Arab Emirates : Bentham Science Publishers, 2017.

Summary:

Sample treatment has been the focus of intensive research in the last 20 years since it still remains a bottleneck in precise analytical procedures. The low concentration of the target analytes the large amount of potential interfering agents and the incompatibility of the sample matrix with the instrumental techniques are the main reasons for these bottlenecks. In most of these methods sample treatment is an unavoidable step and it has a clear influence on the quality (sensitivity selectivity and accuracy) of the final analytical results. While the usefulness of microextraction techniques has been established their complete acceptance in analytical laboratories (including official methods of analysis) depends on their successful automation and integration with conventional analytical instrumentation. Analytical Microextraction Techniques presents comprehensive information about several analytical methods that are useful in the laboratory. These include: sorptive microextraction solid and liquid phase microextraction packed sorbent microextraction miniaturized dispersive solid-phase extraction thin film and nanoparticle based techniques and membrane-based techniques. This is a vital reference on microextraction and sample preparation techniques for applied chemistry students analytical chemists and laboratory technicians.

Contents:

Intro

CONTENTS

FOREWORD

PREFACE

List of Contributors

Green Microextraction

1.1. INTRODUCTION

1.2. ANALYTICAL STRATEGIES OF MICROEXTRACTION

1.3. TYPES OF MICROEXTRACTION

1.4. GREEN CERTIFICATE FOR THE EVALUATION OF ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES

1.5. GREEN EVALUATION OF MICROEXTRACTION PARAMETERS

1.6. FUTURE GREEN PERSPECTIVES

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABBREVIATIONS

REFERENCES

Novel Sol-Gel Sorbents in Sorptive Microextraction

2.1. INTRODUCTION

2.2. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SORBENT-BASED SORPTIVE MICROEXTRACTION

2.3. SHORTCOMINGS OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE MICRO-EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES

2.4. SOL-GEL APPROACH IN DEVELOPING MICROEXTRACTION SORBENTS

2.4.1. Fundamentals of Sol-gel Process

2.4.2. Sol-gel Technology for Sorbent-based Sorptive Microextraction

2.4.2.1. Pretreatment of Surface for sol-gel Coating

2.4.2.2. Designing the Sol Solution

2.4.2.3. Creation of Sol-gel Coating

2.4.2.4. Conditioning of Sol-gel Coating

2.5. DIFFERENT FORMATS OF SOL-GEL BASED SORPTIVE MICROEXTRACTION

2.6. NOVEL SOL-GEL MICROEXTRACTION SORBENTS

2.6.1. Silica Based Microextraction Sorbents

2.6.1.1. Sol-gel Active Organic Polymers and Ligands

2.6.2. Non-silica Microextraction Sorbents

2.6.3. Advances in Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Coatings

2.6.4. Advances in Sol-gel Molecularly Imprinted Coatings

2.6.5. Sol-gel Sorbents for Metals and Organometallics

2.6.6. Monoliths as Sol-gel Microextraction Sorbent

2.6.7. Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction (FPSE)

2.7. APPLICATIONS OF SOL-GEL SORPTIVE MICROEXTRACTION SORBENTS

CONCLUSION

DISCLOSURE

Ionic Liquids in the Microextraction Context

3.1. INTRODUCTION

3.1.1. Ionic Liquids

3.1.2. Microextraction Methods in Analytical Chemistry.

3.2. ILS IN LIQUID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION

3.2.1. ILs in Single Drop Microextraction

3.2.2. ILs in Hollow-fiber Liquid-phase Microextraction

3.2.3. ILs in Dispersive Liquid-liquid Microextraction

3.2.3.1. Conventional IL-DLLME

3.2.3.2. Temperature-assisted IL-DLLME

3.2.3.3. Ultrasound-Assisted, Microwave-Assisted, or Vortex-Assisted IL Emulsification Microextraction

3.2.3.4. In-situ IL-DLLME

3.2.3.5. Trends and Interest of IL-DLLME Methods

3.3. ILS IN SOLID-BASED MICROEXTRACTION

3.3.1. ILs in Micro-solid-phase Extraction

3.3.1.1. ILs in Non-dispersive µ-SPE

3.3.1.2. ILs in Dispersive µ-SPE

3.3.2. ILs in Solid-phase Microextraction

3.3.2.1. IL-Based Sorbent Coatings

3.3.2.2. PIL-Based Sorbent Coatings

3.3.2.3. Hybrid ILs/PILs Sorbent Coatings

3.3.2.4. Analytical Applications

3.3.3. ILs in Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction

3.3.4. ILs in Stir Cake Sorptive Extraction

CONCLUSION AND TRENDS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Application of Nanomaterials in Solid and Liquid Microextraction

4.1. INTRODUCTION

4.2. NMS IN SPME

4.2.1. SPME with Fibers

4.2.1.1. Carbon-Based NMs

4.2.1.2. Metallic NMs

4.2.1.3. MOFs

4.2.1.4. Silica NPs and Nanoporous Silica Materials

4.2.2. IT-SPME

4.2.2.1. IT-SPME with Magnetic NPs

4.2.3. NMs INSBSE

4.2.4. LPME

4.2.5. NMs in SDME

4.2.6. NMs in HF-LPME

4.2.7. NMs in DLLME

ACRONYMS

Principles and Developments of Solid-Phase Microextraction

5.1. INTRODUCTION

5.1.1. Theoretical Basis of SPME Technique

5.1.2. Sampling Mode

5.1.3. Sampling Thermodynamics

5.1.4. Quantitative Analysis in SPME Technique

5.1.5. Kinetics of Extraction in SPME Technique

5.1.6. Passive Sampling with a SPME Device.

5.1.7. The Mechanism of Analyte Isolation

5.1.8. Optimization of the Sample Preparation Step in SPME

5.1.9. Sample Temperature

5.1.10. Fiber Exposure Time

5.1.11. Sample Agitation

5.1.12. The Change in pH and Matrix Effect

5.1.13. Salting-out Effect

5.1.14. Derivatization

5.1.15. Coating Material of SPME Fiber

5.1.16. Other SPME Devices

5.1.17. In-tube SPME

5.1.18. Membrane SPME (M-SPME)

SUMMARY

Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Related Tech-niques

6.1. INTRODUCTION

6.2. STIR BAR SORPTIVE EXTRACTION (SBSE)

6.2.1. Fundamentals

6.2.2. Method Development

6.2.2.1. Extraction Step

6.2.2.2. Back-extraction Step

6.2.3. Validation Stage

6.2.4. Examples of Application

6.2.5. Main Limitations

6.3. BAR ADSORPTIVE MICROEXTRACTION (BAΜE)

6.3.1. Principles and Advantages

6.3.2. Sorbent Coatings and Configurations

6.3.3. Floating Sampling Technology

6.3.4. Potential Applications

Microextraction by Packed Sorbent (MEPS): Theory, Developments and Applications

7.1. INTRODUCTION

7.2. MEPS DESCRIPTION AND THEORY

7.3. MEPS DEVELOPMENT FOR ON LINE EXTRACTION

7.4. MEPS HIGHLIGHTS

7.5. MEPS APPLICATIONS IN BIOANALYSIS

7.6. MEPS APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

7.7. MEPS APPLICATIONS IN FOOD ANALYSIS

Miniaturized Dispersive Solid-phase Extraction

8.1. INTRODUCTION

8.2. DISPERSIVE SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION

8.3. DISPERSIVE MICRO SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION

8.3.1. Polymeric Solids

8.3.2. Silica-Based Solids

8.3.3. Metallic Nanoparticles

8.3.3.1. Oxides and Oxides-Hybrid Nanoparticles

8.3.4. Carbon-Based Material.

8.3.5. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

8.4. COMBINED DISPERSIVE MICROEXTRACTION TECHNIQUES

FUTURE TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES

Solid Phase Extraction Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles

9.1. INTRODUCTION

9.2. PRACTICAL ASPECTS

9.3. MAIN TYPES OF HYBRID MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES USED IN SPE

9.3.1. Synthesis of MNPs

9.3.2. Surface Modification of MNPs

9.3.2.1. Metal Oxides-Coated MNPs

9.3.2.2. Carbon Nanotubes Magnetic Nanoparticles

9.3.2.3. Surfactant-modified MNPs

9.3.2.4. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Magnetic Nanoparticles

9.3.2.5. Quantum Dots Magnetic Nanoparticles

9.4. ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF MNPS IN SPE

9.4.1. Analytical Application Involving Metal Oxides-coated MNPs

9.4.2. Analytical Applications Involving Carbon-protected Magnetic Nanoparticles

9.4.3. Analytical Applications Involving Surfactants

9.4.4. Analytical Applications Involving MIPs

9.4.5. Analytical Applications Involving QDs Magnetic Nanoparticles

Solid-Phase Microextraction Under the Thin Film Format

10.1. INTRODUCTION

10.2. THIN FILM MICROEXTRACTION UNDER THE MEMBRANE CONFIGURATION

10.3. 96-BLADE BRUSHES (THIN FILM) SPME

10.4. OTHER MICROEXTRACTION TECHNIQUES BASED ON THIN FILMS OR MEMBRANES AS EXTRACTION PHASES

10.5. NEW MATERIALS FOR THIN FILM CONSTRUCTION

Single-drop Microextraction and Related Techniques

11.1. INTRODUCTION

11.2. SDME: MICROEXTRACTION MODES

11.2.1. Byphasic Systems

11.2.2. Triphasic Systems

11.3. EXTRACTANT PHASES IN SDME

11.4. COUPLING OF SDME WITH DIFFERENT DETECTION TECHNIQUES

11.4.1. Separation Techniques

11.4.1.1. Gas Chromatography.

11.4.1.2. Capillary Electrophoresis

11.4.1.3. Liquid Chromatography

11.4.2. Atomic Spectrometry

11.4.2.1. Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

11.4.2.2. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

11.4.2.3. Electrothermal Vaporisation-inductively Coupled Plasma-mass Spectrometry

11.4.2.4. Gas Chromatography-inductively Coupled Plasma-mass Spectrometry

11.4.2.5. Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

11.4.3. Mass Spectrometry

11.4.4. Molecular Spectroscopy

11.4.4.1. UV-vis Spectrophotometry

11.4.4.2. Luminescence

11.4.4.3. Turbidimetry

11.4.4.4. Infrared Spectroscopy

11.4.4.5. Ion-Mobility Spectrometry

11.5. SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS

SCOPE OF THE CHAPTER

Membrane-Based Microextraction Techniques with Emphasis on Hollow-fiber Microextraction

12.1. INTRODUCTION

12.2. THEORY

12.2.1. Three-phase SLM Basics

12.2.2. Kinetics

12.2.3. Complete Trapping

12.2.4. Linear, Exhaustive and Equilibrium Extraction

12.2.5. Carrier-mediated Transport

12.2.6. Two-phase Liquid Membrane Extraction

12.3. PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS

12.3.1. Choice of Fiber

12.3.2. Choice of Membrane Liquid

12.3.3. Sample Pretreatment

12.3.4. Choice of Acceptor for Three-phase Extraction

12.3.5. Choice of Membrane and Acceptor Liquid for Two-phase Extraction

12.3.6. HF Preparation

12.3.6.1. Three Phase Extraction Procedure with 0.3 mm Fiber

12.3.6.2. Three Phase Extraction Procedure with 0.6 mm Fiber

12.3.6.3. Solvent Bar

12.3.6.4. Two-Phase Extraction Procedures

12.4. OPTIMIZATION

12.4.1. Acceptor and Sample pH

12.4.2. Other Parameters

12.5. MATRIX EFFECTS

12.6. APPLICATIONS

SUBJECT INDEX.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed February 17, 2017).

ISBN:

9781681083797

1681083795

OCLC:

972292188