Current and future developments in physiology. Volume 1 : control of pancreatic beta cell function and plasticity in health and diabetes / edited by David J. Hill.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Hill, David J, Author.

Contributor:

Hill, David J., editor.

Series:

Current and Future Developments in Physiology, 2468-7537 ; Volume 1

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Physiology.

Physiology--Congresses.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (253 pages) : illustrations (some color).

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Sharjah, United Arab Emirates : Bentham Books, 2016.

Summary:

Plasticity in insulin-producing cells (β-cells) of the pancreas is a major contributor to metabolic control. Targeted regeneration of pancreatic β-cells for the reversal of diabetes (by optimizing β-cells mass and proliferation to meet metabolic requirements and counter autoimmune response) is still a theoretical intervention. This monograph reviews the biology, ontogeny, capabilities, and present practical limitations of β-cell plasticity. Relevant biochemical pathways are described with the inclusion of information about how they change with aging, during pregnancy, and with diet. Readers will learn the following key aspects about β-cell plasticity: -current knowledge of pancreatic β-cells development, and how β-cell mass and proliferation change throughout the human lifespan -the mechanisms responsible for β-cell plasticity, based on animal models and clinical studies revealing environmental, epigenetic, endocrine and paracrine regulators -the therapeutic potential of resident stem cells within the pancreas / bone marrow and β-cell progenitors This monograph is essential reading for researchers interested in updated knowledge about the molecular and cellular biology of β-cells in the quest to find a reliable therapy for diabetes.

Contents:

Intro

CONTENTS

FOREWORD

REFERENCES

PREFACE

List of Contributors

Section 1: Origins and Developmental Biology of β-Cells

Understanding the Developmental Biology of β-Cells as a Strategy for Diabetes Reversal

GENETIC NETWORK CONTROLLING PANCREATIC DEVELOPMENT

The Sequential Implication of Transcription Factors

THE PANCREATIC MESENCHYME AND GROWTH FACTORS

ROLE OF NUTRIENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF Β-CELLS

Impact of Protein Levels

The Effects of Glucose

IMPORTANCE OF THE PARTIAL PRESSURE OF OXYGEN IN THE INTRAUTERINE MILIEU

OXIDATIVE STRESS AND Β-CELL DEVELOPMENT

FROM DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY STUDIES TO INNOVATIVE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES

The Context of Diabetes

Application of Our Knowledge From β-Cell Development to Treating Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes and Islet Transplantation

THE GENETICS OF PANCREAS EMBRYOGENESIS AND THE OCCURRENCE OF DIABETES

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Aging and β-Cell Proliferation, Molecular and Signaling Changes and What This Means for Targeted Regeneration

AGING AND DIABETES

Β-CELL PROLIFERATION AND AGING

AGING AND ADAPTIVE Β-CELL PROLIFERATION

MOLECULAR AND SIGNALING CHANGES IN AGING

SIGNIFICANCE FOR TARGETED Β-CELL REGENERATION

Human β-Cell Mass and Distribution in Health, Aging and Diabetes

INTRODUCTION

HUMAN PANCREAS

Anatomy

Regional Differences in β-Cell/Islet Mass

The Head of the Pancreas

Islet Architecture and Cellular Composition

Β-CELL MASS IN AGING AND DIABETES

Absolute Mass of β-Cells and Islets in Humans

β-Cell Mass in Aging and Obesity

Loss of β-Cell Mass in Diabetes

Physical vs. Functional Loss of β-Cell Mass

WHOLE PANCREAS ANALYSIS

CONCLUDING REMARKS.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

Section 2: Factors Controlling β-Cell Mass and Function

Gestational Programming of β-Cell Mass and Pancreatic Function in the Next Generation

ANIMAL MODELS OF FETAL PROGRAMMING OF THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS THROUGH NUTRITIONAL DEFICIT

ANIMAL MODELS OF FETAL PROGRAMMING OF THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS THROUGH HYPERGLYCEMIA

MECHANISMS OF FETAL PROGRAMMING OF THE PANCREATIC FUNCTION

Early Dietary Insult and the mTOR Axis

Epigenetic Mechanisms Governing Pancreatic Gene Expression and Their Involvement in Fetal Programming of Metabolic Disease

Epigenetic Changes to Pancreatic Gene Expression Caused by Environmental Toxins

Prematurity of Cellular Aging

REVERSAL STRATEGIES FOR FETAL PROGRAMMING OF THE PANCREAS

CONCLUSION

Malprogramming of β-Cell Function by a Dietary Modification in the Immediate Postnatal Period

Metabolic Programming After Birth

EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES: 'PUP-IN-A-CUP' RAT MODEL

Alterations in Islets Mass

Molecular Adaptations

MOLECULAR MECHANISM BY WHICH GLUCOSE CAN CONTROL Β-CELL MASS

Alterations in Nutrient-Mediated Insulin Secretion

Alterations in Non-Nutrient-Mediated Insulin Secretion

Long-Term Consequences Due to Programming

IS IT POSSIBLE TO REVERSE METABOLIC PROGRAMMING IN ADULTHOOD?

RELEVANCE TO OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES

New Concepts in the Intra-Islet Control of β-Cell Function and Mass

Defining the Importance of β-Cell Function and Mass

Known Factors Affecting β-Cell Function and Mass and Their Mode of Action

PARACRINE AND AUTOCRINE FACTORS REGULATING Β-CELL FUNCTION.

Anatomic Differences Affect Paracrine and Autocrine Signaling Properties Between Species

Emerging Autocrine Factors

Insulin

Proinsulin C-Peptide

Islet Amyloid Polypeptide

GABA

Serotonin

Nicotonic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NAADP)

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Acetate

Emerging Paracrine Factors

Acetylcholine

VGF-Derived Peptides

Approaches to Identify New Autocrine/Paracrine Signaling Factors

β-Cell Adaptability During Pregnancy

Morphological Changes

Hormonal Changes During Pregnancy

Somatolactogenic Hormones - Systemic Effects

Somatolactogenic Hormones - Lessons from In Vitro Studies

Somatolactogenic Hormones - Lessons from Transgenic Mice

Somatolactogenic Hormones - Mechanism of Action

Somatolactogenic Hormones - A Downstream Role of STAT5

Role of Glucocorticoid Hormones

Role of Progesterone

Role of Estrogens

Role of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)

Role of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)

Role of Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)

Role of Survivin

Role of IGF-Binding Protein 5 (Igfbp5)

Role of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (Glp-1)

Role of Glucose and Fatty Acids

Role on Neurogenin 3 (Ngn-3)

Role of Forkhead Box Protein M1 (FoxM1)

Role of Hepatic Nuclear Factor 4α (Hnf4α)

Role of B-cell Lymphoma 6 Protein Homolog (Bcl6) and Menin (Men1)

Role of Betatrophin

Role of Osteoprotegerin (OPG)

Role of Serotonin

Role of Cyclophilin B

Role of Stathmins

Role of Delta-like 1 (dlk-1)

Role of Trefoil Factors (TFF)

Other Differentially Expressed Islet Genes

Circulating Factors in Pregnancy that may Influence β-Cell Function

Diabetes in Pregnancy

β-Cell Adaptation Postpartum

REFERENCES.

Section 3: Generation of β-Cells and Future Applications

β-Cells from Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells and Progenitors

GENERATION OF Β-CELLS FROM STEM CELL SOURCE

REGENERATION OF THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS

Generation of Insulin-Expressing Cells In Vitro

Resident Stem/Progenitor Cells Within the Endocrine Pancreas

Promiscuity in Cell Lineage Within the Endocrine Pancreas

Induction of β-Cell Regeneration by Human Postnatal Stem Cells

Dealing with the Complications and Consequences of Diabetes Mellitus: An Emerging Global Crisis?

The Advent of Cellular Therapies for Diabetes: The Edmonton Protocol

Can Islet Regeneration Occur in the Face of Autoimmunity: The Medalist Study?

Bone Marrow Stem Cells Initiate Islet Regeneration: Identifying the Mechanisms?

HEMATOPOIETIC STEM AND PROGENITOR CELLS

Why Use HPC for Islet Regeneration?

Isolation of Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Using High ALDH-Activity

Preclinical Xenotransplantation Models to Investigate Islet Regeneration

Human HPC with High ALDH-activity Promote Regenerating Islet Cell Proliferation and Vascularization

Islet Regenerative Functions by Expanded HPC Subsets with High ALDH-Activity

Can HPC Transplantation Abrogate Autoimmunity and Permit Endogenous Islet Regeneration?

MULTIPOTENT MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS (MSC)

Can MSC Create a Regenerative Niche for New Islet Formation?

MSC Immunomodulation and Recruitment of M2 Macrophages to Promote Islet Regeneration

Can MSC Reverse Autoimmunity in T1D and Support Endogenous β-Cell Regeneration?

ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS (EPC)

Can We Utilize EPC to Support Endogenous Islet Regeneration and Revascularization?

EPC-induced Vascularization Support the Survival and Function of Islet Allografts?.

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

SUBJECT INDEX.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (Ebrary, viewed December 23, 2016).

ISBN:

9781681083650

1681083655

OCLC:

969638692